Topic: History of the New Year holiday.

This event can be held as a class hour or an extracurricular activity with elementary school students.
Goals: Introduce children to the history of the New Year holiday.
Develop students' curiosity.
Equipment: Power Point presentation, New Year's songs.
Progress of the lesson:

1. Organizational moment.

2. Updating knowledge. Statement of the topic.

- What holiday is the whole country preparing for? (New Year)
- Name the date according to which the beginning of the new year is considered according to the calendar. (1st of January)
3. Conversation about the history of the New Year holiday.
- New Year is a holiday celebrated by many peoples in accordance with the accepted calendar, which occurs at the moment of transition from the last day of the year to the first day of the next year. (1 slide)
- Try to guess the riddles.
A light white blanket
It will cover the entire earth.
Cover everything with ice and decorate the Christmas tree.
What's her name? ...(Winter) (2 slide)

I have gifts in my bag,
Caramels, chocolates.
Round dance around the tree,
What kind of holiday? …(New Year) (3 slide)
- Guys, how many of you know whether our country has always celebrated the New Year on January 1?
- The beginning of the year on January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e. (4 slide)
- This day was dedicated to Janus - the god of choice, doors and all beginnings. The month of January got its name in honor of the god Janus, who was depicted with two faces: one looking forward and the other looking back. (5 slide)
Gregorian calendar
- Most countries celebrate the New Year on January 1, the first day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. (6 slide)
- The traditional Chinese New Year is timed to coincide with the winter new moon at the end of the full lunar cycle, which took place after the winter solstice (that is, on the second new moon after December 21). In the Gregorian calendar, this corresponds to one of the days between January 21 and February 21.
- Until the 15th century in Rus', the new year began not in January, as now, but in March (as in republican Ancient Rome) on the day of the vernal equinox, March 20 or 21 (depending on the year). Since the 15th century, the new year began on September 1. (7 slide)
- Each year corresponds to a specific animal. The 12-year cycle begins with the year of the Rat, then comes the year of the Ox, then the Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Boar. (8 slide)
- Since 1700, by decree of Peter I, the New Year in Russia is celebrated, as in other European countries, on January 1 (according to the Julian calendar). (9 slide)
- New Year's Eve is a very significant holiday in many countries. And it is accompanied by a variety of pop events, feasts, and folk festivities. (10 slide)
Christmas tree.
- Guess the next riddle.
All dressed up in toys,
All covered in garlands and firecrackers.
Of course, this is... (Yolka) (11 slide)
- New Year's Eve is a very significant holiday in many countries. And it is accompanied by a variety of pop events, feasts, and folk festivities. According to tradition, a New Year tree is installed in the house.
- What toys decorate the Christmas tree? (12 slide)
New Year's table.
- When celebrating the New Year, close people gather around the table. (13-14 slides)
- At 0 o'clock 0 minutes on January 1, the chimes strike. (15 slides)
- Let's listen to the chimes strike.
- With the first chime, marking the arrival of the new year, it is customary to clink glasses of champagne and make a wish. (16 slide)
- What gifts would you like to receive for the New Year? On New Year's Day it is customary to give gifts. (17 slide)
Father Frost.
Happy New Year,
All boys and girls.
And he gives us gifts,
There they are: standing in a bag.
He is kind and bearded,
Red nose from frost.
Who is he, tell me children,
Loudly, together: (Santa Claus) (18 slide)
- Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character from East Slavic folklore. In Slavic mythology - the personification of winter frosts, a blacksmith who binds water.
- On New Year's Day, Santa Claus comes and gives children gifts, which he brings in a sack behind his back. Often depicted in a blue, silver or red fur coat embroidered with patterns, wearing a hat (not a cap), with a long white beard and a staff in his hand, wearing felt boots. He rides three horses, skis or walks. (19 slide)
- The very first Santa Claus was St. Nicholas. When leaving, he left the poor family who sheltered him golden apples in a shoe in front of the fireplace. (20 slide)
- Santa Claus has a granddaughter - Snegurochka (21 slides)
Pyrotechnics.
- When celebrating the New Year, a variety of pyrotechnic products are actively used: firecrackers, sparklers and, in the last decade, fireworks, rockets, Roman candles, firecrackers large and small, etc. Currently, many capitals of the world or even individual countries spend millions of dollars to arrange a pyrotechnic show for the New Year. (22 slide)
Traditions in different countries of the world.(23 slide)
- In England, in addition to the Christmas tree, the house is decorated with mistletoe branches. There are even mistletoe bouquets on lamps and chandeliers. And according to custom, you can kiss a person standing in the middle of the room under a bunch of mistletoe. (24 slide)
- In Italy, on New Year's Eve it is customary to get rid of old things. (25 slide)
- In Sweden, before the New Year, children choose Lucia, the queen of light. She is dressed in a white dress, and a crown with lit candles is placed on her head. Lucia brings gifts for children and treats for pets: cream for the cat, a sugar bone for the dog, and carrots for the donkey. (26 slide)
- In France, Father Frost - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king", and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders. Wooden or clay figurines - santons - are placed near the Christmas tree. (27 slide)
- In Mexico, the New Year is celebrated with the fire of festive fireworks, firing from rocket launchers, and the ringing of special New Year's bells. And children are given delicious gingerbread dolls at midnight. (28 slide)
- In Japan, bells are rung 108 times on New Year's Eve. Each strike of the bell corresponds to one of the vices. There are six of them in total: greed, stupidity, anger, frivolity, indecision and envy, but each vice has 18 different shades, which makes a total of 108. (29 slide)
- In Spain it is customary to eat 12 grapes at midnight. (30 slide)
Old New Year.(31 slides)
- Old New Year is a holiday celebrated in accordance with the New Year according to the Julian calendar (now on the night of January 13-14). Celebrated in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Serbia, Switzerland and some other countries.

4. Summing up.

Now let's check how well you listened today.
Crossword.(32 slide)
1. What is Santa Claus called in France?
2. Who issued the order to celebrate the New Year in 1700?
3. On the night of January 13-14, what holiday is celebrated?
4. Who set the beginning of the year on January 1?
5. “The end of the year and the beginning of winter!”
- That's how they asked me the riddle.
6. Granddaughter of Santa Claus?
7. In which country is it customary to eat 12 grapes at midnight?
8. In which country do children receive delicious gingerbread dolls on New Year’s Day?
Reflection.
Song “New Year's Toys” (author Alexander Metzger) (slide 33)

Presentation on the topic: History of the New Year holiday

The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium).

Read more >>>

Basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day.

Read more >>>

Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. Read more >>>

Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered that some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper be made in front of the gate, and that decoration should remain on the Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting.

Read more >>>

If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. Don't forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Read more >>>

Slide 2

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). Read more >>>

Slide 3

How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. Read more >>>

Slide 4

How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. Read more >>>

Slide 5

When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered that some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper be made in front of the gate, and that decoration should remain on the Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. Read more >>>

Slide 6

About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. Don't forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Read more >>>

Slide 7

Celebrations in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. Read more >>>

Slide 8

Happy New Year!

Slide 9

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?

The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Its famous centers of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria arose here, famous for their cultural heritage and the greatest inventions of mankind, which still never cease to amaze and delight us. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). All agricultural work began at the end of March, after the water in the Tigris and Euphrates arrived. For 12 days, processions, carnivals, and masquerades marked this event - the onset of the time of victories of the bright god Marduk over the forces of destruction and death. It was forbidden to work at this time, to punish, to carry out trials. The cuneiform writing on one of the clay tablets said that these were days of unbridled freedom, when the entire world order was turned upside down. The slave turned into a master. The word CARNIVAL itself, by the way, translated from Babylonian means ship-sea, and this is probably not accidental, for many rituals of the New Year's holiday were associated with the imaginary voyage of the god Marduk along the Euphrates. On one of the days, the mysteries depicted the battle of Marduk against the monster of the goddess of chaos Tiamat (resembling a dragon, snake, lizard). Scientists have proven that the Jews who were in Babylonian captivity (during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar) borrowed this story and included it in the Bible. This myth is the origin of the Christian legend about St. George defeating the dragon (Does this symbolism remind you of anything? Well, of course, St. George the Victorious on the coat of arms of Moscow). From the Jews, the tradition of New Year's celebration, which they borrowed, as you know, from the Babylonians, passed on to the Greeks, and through them to the peoples of Western Europe.

Slide 10

How was New Year celebrated in the old days?

Some peoples keep track of time according to the lunar-solar calendar, and the beginning of the year falls somewhere in autumn, sometimes in winter. But basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and is usually dated to March. March among the ancient Romans was considered the first month because field work began at this time. The year consisted of ten months, then the number of months was increased by two. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Julian calendar, named after him, spread throughout Europe. On this day, the Romans made sacrifices to Janus and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. As you already know, the New Year was not always celebrated on January 1. In France, first (before 755) were counted from December 25, then from March 1, in the 12th century - from Easter, and from 1564, by decree of King Charles IX, from January 1. In Germany the same happened in the half of the 16th century, and in England since the 18th century. But how did things stand here in Russia? In Russia, from the time of the introduction of Christianity, following the customs of their ancestors, they also began their chronology either from March or, less often, from the day of Holy Easter. In 1492, Grand Duke John III finally approved the decree of the Moscow Council to consider the first of September as the beginning of both the church and civil year, when it was ordered to pay tribute, duties, various quitrents, etc. And in order to give greater solemnity to this day, the tsar himself appeared in the Kremlin the day before, where everyone, be it a commoner or a noble boyar, could approach him and seek directly from him truth and mercy (by the way, something similar happened in Byzantium during times of Constantine the Great). The last time the New Year in Rus' was celebrated with royal pomp was on September 1, 1698. Giving everyone an apple, the Tsar, calling everyone a brother, congratulated them on the New Year, on new happiness. Each health cup of Tsar Peter the Great was accompanied by a shot from 25 guns.

Slide 11

How old is Santa Claus?

Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Father Frost took shape over centuries, and each nation contributed something of its own to his history. But among the elder’s ancestors there was, it turns out, a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Myra. According to legend, he was a very kind man. So, one day he saved three daughters of a poor family by throwing bundles of gold through the window of their house. After the death of Nicholas, he was declared a saint. In the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by Italian pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the church of St. Nicholas were outraged. An international scandal broke out. This story caused so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from different countries of the world. In the Middle Ages, the custom of giving gifts to children on St. Nicholas Day, December 19, was firmly established, because this is what the saint himself did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the saint began to come to children at Christmas, and then on New Year’s. The Santa Claus costume also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted wearing a cloak. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight decorated Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. We are all very familiar with this Santa Claus.

Slide 12

When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1?

Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and on December 15, 1699, the beating of drums announced to the people on Red Square (from the lips of the Tsar's clerk) that, as a sign of a good beginning and the beginning of a new century, after thanksgiving to God and prayer singing in the church, large thoroughfares were ordered to , and for noble people to make some decorations in front of the gates from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper. And for the poor people (i.e., the poor), at least put a tree or a branch over the gate. And so that it arrives by the 1st of 1700 of this year; and this decoration will remain on Invar (i.e. January) until the 7th of the same year. On the first day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fire fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. The decree recommended that, if possible, everyone in their yards use small cannons or small rifles three times fire and fire several missiles. From January 1st to January 7th, at night, fires are lit from wood, or from brushwood, or from straw. Tsar Peter I was the first to launch a rocket. Writhing in the air like a fiery snake, it announced the arrival of the New Year to the people, and after that the celebration began and throughout Belokamennaya. As a sign of the national holiday, cannons were fired, and in the evening, multi-colored fireworks, never seen before, flashed in the dark sky.

Slide 13

Continuation

The illumination was blazing. People had fun, sang, danced, congratulated each other and gave New Year's gifts. Peter I steadily ensured that this holiday was no worse and no poorer in our country than in other European countries. He was a decisive man and resolved all calendar inconveniences in one fell swoop. By the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great in Russia, the year was 7207 (from creation world), and in Europe 1699 (from the Nativity of Christ). Russia was beginning to establish connections with Europe and such a time difference was very difficult. But that was over. It was from January 1, 1700 that folk New Year's fun and merriment gained recognition, and the celebration of the New Year began to have a secular (non-church) character. From now on and forever, this holiday was enshrined in the Russian calendar. This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to 7 by lighting tar barrels), the creaking of snow in the cold, winter children's games - sleds, skis, skates, snow women, Santa Claus, gifts... I must say that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because before at that time there was another Christmastide holiday. And many old rituals - cheerful carnivals, mummers' tricks, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree - fit well into the New Year's ritual. And although it was frosty at that time, people were not afraid of the cold. As you know, they burned bonfires in the streets, performed dances around them, calling on the sun (which they had deified from time immemorial) to warm the earth, bound by snow and frost.

Slide 14

About celebrating Christmas

If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At the table, after eating, you can arrange readings aloud, which children also love. To do this, it is good to choose stories and fairy tales, which are called that way in literature - Christmas, Yuletide. If on the New Year it is customary to congratulate all acquaintances, then on Christmas visits were made only to close relatives and friends. And this once again speaks of the family nature of the holiday. Rules of decency of the late 19th century. these visits were not allowed to be avoided, since it was believed that “to maintain good relations” they were simply necessary. And in fact, not the most beautiful postcard sent from the Post Office of Santa Claus himself can replace the joy of personal communication if you and your whole family visit close relatives on this holiday, whom you have seen infrequently throughout the year. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some kind of some useful things. And don’t forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Don’t forget about the gifts that, like on New Year’s, children can receive from the beautiful Christmas tree. Or you can make it a tradition to clean up the Christmas tree in the evening of this day. Having received the gifts, admire her once again, say goodbye with gratitude for the pleasures and joys brought and invite her to your home next year. The Christmas program can include a walk with the children through a winter city or park. A visit to the theater or concert will brighten up your holiday. It all depends on the traditions of the family, the desires and passions of its members. But the most important thing is that this is a tradition that children have known about since childhood, felt its warmth and respected it, and would like to continue it in their families in the future.

Slide 15

New Year celebrations in different countries

America breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts every year. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. This is a kind of wish for happiness in the New Year. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses, the secret of which is preserved by darkness. In Vietnam, New Year is celebrated at night. At dusk, the Vietnamese light fires on which they prepare special rice delicacies. On New Year's Eve, it is customary to release live carp into rivers and ponds. According to legend, a god swims on the back of a carp, who goes to heaven on New Year’s Day to tell how people live on Earth. On this night, quarrels are forgotten, grievances are forgiven. When residents of Greece go to celebrate the New Year, they take with them a stone, which they throw at the threshold of a hospitable home. If the stone is heavy, they say: “Let the owner’s wealth be as heavy as this stone.” And if the stone is small, then they wish: “Let the thorn in the owner’s eye be as small as this stone.”

Slide 16

Continuation

In India, New Year is celebrated in different ways. People of northern India decorate themselves with white, pink, red and purple flowers. In central India, buildings are decorated with multi-colored, mostly orange, flags. In western India, small lights are lit on the roofs of houses. On the eve of the holiday, mothers lay out gifts, sweets, and flowers for their children on large trays. On the first morning of the New Year, children with their eyes closed are led to a tray from which they choose a gift. In Iran, the New Year is celebrated in the spring. In advance, Iranians plant grains of wheat or barley in a small dish. The grass that has sprouted for the New Year symbolizes the beginning of a new life. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. In China, the New Year is always celebrated during the new moon in late January - early February. Processions of many thousands of lanterns move through the streets. They are lit to illuminate the path to the New Year. To keep evil spirits out of the New Year, the Chinese cover the windows and doors of their houses with paper and scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers.

Slide 17

In Cuba, the clock only strikes 11 times on New Year's Day. Since the 12th strike falls just on the New Year, the clock is allowed to rest and calmly celebrate the holiday with everyone. At midnight, Cubans throw water through an open window onto the street, wishing that the New Year would be as clear and pure as the water. In Mongolia, the New Year is celebrated at the Christmas tree, although the Mongolian Santa Claus comes to the children dressed as a cattle breeder. On the New Year's holiday, sports competitions, games, and tests of dexterity and courage are held. In Panama, New Year's Eve is unusually noisy: trumpets are blaring, sirens are wailing and people are screaming. According to ancient belief, noise scares away evil spirits. In Romania, it is customary to bake small surprises into New Year's pies - coins, porcelain figurines, rings, hot pepper pods. A ring found in a cake means that the New Year will bring much happiness. And a pod of pepper will cheer up everyone around you. In France, on New Year's Eve, a bean is baked in gingerbread. And the best New Year's gift for a fellow villager is a wheel. In Sweden, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to break dishes at your neighbors' doors.

Slide 18

In Scotland, on New Year's Eve, they set fire to tar in a barrel and roll the barrel through the streets. The Scots consider this a symbol of the burning of the Old Year. After this, the road to the New Year is open. The first person to enter a house after the New Year is believed to bring good luck or bad luck. A dark-haired man with a gift - fortunately. In Wales, when going on a visit to celebrate the New Year, you should grab a piece of coal and throw it into the fireplace lit on New Year's Eve. This indicates the friendly intentions of the guests who came. Exactly at midnight it is necessary to open the doors wide to let out the Old Year and let in the New Year. In Japan, New Year's Eve is called "golden week." At this time, many institutions and firms, government organizations, and large department stores stop operating. Even banks are open until 12 noon on December 31st and have a rest for the first three days of the New Year. The custom of seeing off the Old Year is obligatory, including organizing receptions and visiting restaurants. When the New Year arrives, the Japanese begin to laugh. They believe that laughter will bring them good luck in the coming year. On the first New Year's Eve it is customary to visit the temple. The temples ring a bell 108 times. With each blow, as the Japanese believe, everything bad goes away, which should not happen again in the New Year. To ward off evil spirits, the Japanese hang bundles of straw in front of the entrance to their houses. In houses, rice cakes are placed in a prominent place, on top of which tangerines are placed, symbolizing happiness, health and longevity.

View all slides

Slide 2

Every person associates the New Year with Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, with a decorated Christmas tree and fluffy snow, with laughter, fun, joy, etc. Preparing for this holiday brings pleasure to everyone, without exception. But during the preparations, many questions arise: what traditions are associated with the celebration of this celebration? How do they celebrate New Year in other countries? What is the difference between Father Frost and Santa Claus? Why do we decorate the Christmas tree? And many others. It’s difficult to figure all this out, but you can do it if you want.

Slide 3

Who was the first to come up with the idea of ​​celebrating the New Year?

Nobody knows for sure! After all, this day has been celebrated by all nations since ancient times. True, the New Year comes to every nation at its own time. In addition, there are many different traditions and customs.

Slide 4

In Ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (around the end of September). The Nile flood was very important because... Only thanks to him did grain grow in the dry desert. On New Year's Day, statues of the god Amun, his wife the sky goddess Mut and his son, the moon god Khonsu, were placed in a boat. The boat sailed along the Nile for a month, which was accompanied by singing, dancing and fun. The statues were then brought back into the temple. Ancient Egypt

Slide 5

Ancient Rome For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (now called the Julian). Thus, the first day of January became the date of the New Year. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). One face of Janus was supposedly turned back to the past year, the other - forward to the new one. During the holiday, people decorated their houses and gave each other gifts and coins with the image of the two-faced Janus.

Slide 6

For a long time, the ancient Slavs celebrated the New Year on March 1. They gave us the tradition of lighting lights on New Year trees. Lighting the fire promised a good harvest. With the adoption of Christianity, the New Year began to be celebrated on September 1. More than 300 years ago, in 1700, Tsar Peter I ordered to celebrate the New Year on January 1. At the same time, the tradition of decorating Christmas trees, arranging fireworks and New Year's costume carnivals arose.

Slide 7

In Italy, it is customary to throw away broken dishes, old clothes and even furniture from apartments at the last minute of the new year. Behind them fly firecrackers, confetti, and sparklers. They say: if you throw away the old, you will buy a new, even better one. And all the children are waiting for the sorceress Befana, who flies at night on a broom and enters the house through the chimney. The fairy fills children's shoes, specially hung from the fireplace, with gifts.

Slide 8

In modern China, New Year is a festival of lanterns. Only they celebrate it not on January 1, but change the date every time. On New Year's Eve, many small lanterns are lit on the streets and squares. The Chinese believe that sparks from them drive away evil spirits.

Slide 9

In Bulgaria, it is traditional to celebrate the New Year at home. Before the start of the holiday, the youngest member of the family stands near the Christmas tree and sings carols to the guests. Grateful relatives give him gifts.

Slide 10

What is the name of Santa Claus?

In our country, the famous grandfather is Father Frost. He is dressed in a long red coat with white fur. Santa Claus has a long white beard and holds a staff in his hands. He comes to visit not only with gifts, but also with his assistant, his granddaughter Snegurochka.

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In the USA, Canada, Great Britain and Western European countries, Father Frost is called Santa Claus. He is dressed in a red jacket, decorated with white fur, and red trousers. There is a red cap on the head.

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There are two Santa Clauses in France. One is called Père-Noël, which means Father Christmas. He is kind and brings gifts to the children in a basket. The second one is called Shaland. This bearded man wears a fur hat and a warm traveling raincoat. His basket contains rods for naughty and lazy children.

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In Italy, the old fairy Befana comes to the children. She flies into the house through the chimney. The fairy brings gifts to good children, but naughty children receive only ashes.

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In Romania, the “snow grandfather” is called Mosh Kreciun. He is very similar to our Santa Claus. In Uzbekistan his name is Korbobo. He is dressed in a striped robe and a red skullcap. Corbobo rides a donkey loaded with bags of New Year's gifts.

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History of the New Year tree

The custom of celebrating the New Year with a forest beauty goes back to ancient times and is associated with the cult of greenery. Our distant ancestors endowed trees with the ability to create good and evil. It was believed that spirits, both good and evil, found shelter in their branches. Therefore, people decorated trees to appease the spirits and gain their support in everyday life. Spruce occupied a special position among trees; it has always been given a special place in people's lives. For ancient people it was a sacred tree. They believed that spruce, like other conifers, enjoys the special location of the Sun - the main god in pagan beliefs. The sun allows spruce to always remain green, unlike deciduous trees, which is why spirits live in its branches that can scare away evil demons and ward off misfortunes and diseases. The Christmas tree, an integral attribute of the winter holidays, also arrived in Russia along with Peter’s reforms.

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1. What does Santa mean in translation? 2.What item of clothing does French Santa Claus leave gifts for children in? 3. What is your most important wish for the New Year? 4. In which country is it customary to throw old furniture out of windows on New Year’s Eve? 5. Name the hometown of Santa Claus. 6. Which of the great Russian Tsars launched the first rocket in honor of the New Year holiday? 7. Who melted at the stake in the famous Russian fairy tale? 8. The best decoration for the Christmas tree is... 9. What is the name of “Grandma Frost” in Italy? 10. Who decided to celebrate the New Year on January 1 in Rome?

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In Ancient Rus', the New Year was celebrated in the spring, in March. In Ancient Rus', the New Year was celebrated in the spring, in March. Then the New Year was celebrated on September 1. Then the New Year was celebrated on September 1. In 1699, the New Year was celebrated for the last time according to ancient custom. In 1699, the New Year was celebrated for the last time according to ancient custom.

The Russian Tsar Peter was the first to issue a decree in which he ordered to move the beginning of the year to the first of January. The Russian Tsar Peter was the first to issue a decree in which he ordered to move the beginning of the year to the first of January. This was in 1700 This was in 1700 From now on, the New Year in Russia is celebrated on January 1 From now on, the New Year in Russia is celebrated on January 1

The first Christmas tree decorations were made from straw, splinters, and colored ribbons. The first Christmas tree decorations were made from straw, splinters, and colored ribbons. Later in the 19th century, the first Russian Christmas tree decoration factory was built. Later in the 19th century, the first Russian Christmas tree decoration factory was built.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the revolution strictly banned the Christmas tree as a bourgeois relic. At the beginning of the 20th century, the revolution strictly banned the Christmas tree as a bourgeois relic. In 1918, a new calendar style was introduced with 13-day intervals. In 1918, a new calendar style was introduced with 13-day intervals. Everyday life passed between Christmas and New Year. Everyday life passed between Christmas and New Year. It was a dark time for the kids and their parents It was a dark time for the kids and their parents

For a long time, the Christmas tree was banned, and only in 1937. A 15-meter beauty was installed in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions. For a long time, the Christmas tree was banned, and only in 1937. A 15-meter beauty was installed in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions. In 1947, day 1 January was finally declared a non-working day. In 1947, January 1 was finally declared a non-working day.