In addition to their sight and hearing, young children, exploring the world around them, also use tactile sensations. Because they like to sculpt from plasticine, rustle with candy wrappers, splash in water, draw a pencil on paper or the walls of the room. The task of parents is to direct the sensory absorption of the flow of information in the right direction through games, thereby opening up more opportunities for learning for their crumbs. Games for tactile sensations develop children's perception of all kinds of objects through touch. The child learns to recognize them, to compare, to determine the differences between them.

Examples of tactile games.

You can put buttons of different textures and sizes, figurines, rings, etc. into a “magic bag”. Invite the child to hold the button. Then, draw his attention to the fact that the button jumped into the bag and hid. Let the baby find it by touch among other gizmos located there. Create a tactile album book that will store samples of all kinds of scraps of fabric: silk, wool, burlap, sandpaper, bag, velvet and others. Scroll through, look at the album with your child, invite him to tactilely determine the properties of a particular material: soft, hard, rough or smooth, prickly or fluffy. Closing his eyes, the child will try to guess what you put in his palm. It can be a chestnut, a cone, a ball, vegetables, fruits, etc. Hide a toy in cereals, such as buckwheat. The kid will make every effort to find your surprise.

Poems for tactile games with the baby.

Nose meets nose

The nose butted up.

And then he said "hello"

Nose kissed all over!

Legs, legs, stompers!

Jumpers, runaways.

Legs grow strong

They'll be running fast soon!

Handles, handles, all grippers

Hugs mom tightly

We'll pull the handles up

We will grow to everyone soon!

Heels, pink heels,

Let's play hide and seek with mom!

Mom hid: peek-a-boo!

I can find her!

That soft belly

Gave us a hippo!

If you kiss the belly

The kid will laugh.

The hedgehog has bristles

Our smooth back!

Here comes the centipede -

This is my mother's hand.

Spout, spout, snout -

hole on the right, hole on the left

And at the end of the bell

He calls when he wants to.

Cheeks, sweet cheeks

Delicate like petals.

Cheek - one and cheek - two!

It's time to kiss!

Everyone's ears can hear perfectly,

Our ears are naughty!

When the eyes are fast asleep

Mother's ears protect.

An angel came to us

Sat on our right toe

Rocked and took off -

Sat down on the head.

Titmouse flew to us

Sat (name) on cilia

She closed her eyes with her wings,

To dream of (name) fairy tales.

Poems for games in the bathroom.

Rain, rain, more fun! (we spray on the baby from the spray bottle)

Drip, drip, don't be sorry!

Just don't get us wet!

Don't knock on the window in vain -

Spray into the field more:

The grass will get thicker!

That's how the rain drips!

Rain, rain, let it go, (we pour the crumbs from the watering can)

We will run for the bushes

Let's stand under the aspen

Let's cover the basket!

Look how the rain is pouring.

Rain, rain, harder - (we pour crumbs from the bucket)

The grass will be greener

Flowers will grow

On our lawn.

Rain, rain, more

Grow, grass, thicker.

What a heavy rain it has been.

Rain, rain, full of pouring,

Wet little kids!

"Rails-rails". Put the baby on the tummy. Stroke him on the back with a variety of movements, saying a rhyme:

Rails-rails, (with the index finger we stroke the child along the back)

Sleepers-sleepers, (we stroke the child across the back)

The train was running late. (we draw a hand bent into a fist along the back of the child with light pressure)

From the last wagon

Suddenly peas fell. (lightly and quickly tap the baby on the back with fingertips)

Hens came - they pecked, (with the index finger we “dot” on the back with jerky movements)

Ducks came - pinched, (lightly pinch the baby's skin)

An elephant came - trampled, (put “footprints” on the back with the palm of your hand)

The janitor came and cleaned everything. (stroke with fingertips on the back - “sweep”).

With the help of such a simple massage game, the child learns to distinguish between different forces of influence on the skin, to associate the strength and nature of touch with the actions of the characters in the poem. Massage movements develop skin sensitivity, stimulate skin receptors, which contributes to the development of tactile sensations.

The sensory development of a child is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space, as well as smell, taste, etc.
The importance of sensory development in early and preschool childhood cannot be overestimated. It is this age that is most favorable for improving the activity of the sense organs, accumulating ideas about the world around us.

A child's readiness for schooling largely depends on his sensory development. Studies conducted by child psychologists have shown that a significant part of the difficulties that children face in the course of primary education (especially in the 1st grade) are associated with insufficient accuracy and flexibility of perception.

There are five sensory systems through which a person cognizes the world: sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste.

In the development of sensory abilities, an important role is played by the development of sensory standards - generally accepted samples of the properties of objects. For example, 7 colors of the rainbow and their shades, geometric shapes, metric system of measures, etc.

To develop sensory abilities, there are various games and exercises. In this article, we will sequentially consider games for the development of each of the five sensory systems.

Games for the development of touch (tactile perception)

Touch refers to tactile (surface) sensitivity (sensation of touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.).

To develop the child's tactile perception, play with a variety of natural materials and objects that differ in surface structure. Give your baby different toys: plastic, rubber, wooden, soft, fluffy.

While bathing, you can use washcloths and sponges of different hardness. Lubricate the body of the child with cream, do various types of massage. Let the baby play with a brush, a pompom from a knitted hat, a ribbed ball from a pet store. Colored washcloths for dishes are also of great interest! You can make an interesting tactile album yourself from scraps of fabric of different textures: burlap, wool, silk, fur. You can also add a sheet of polyethylene, wrapping paper from flowers, mosquito nets, velvet, corrugated and sandpaper and much more.

The child is interested in games with false. You can first crumple it, making a ball out of it, then smooth it again.

Play with cones, prickly chestnuts, ribbed walnuts and smooth acorns. It is also useful to play with various cereals: dip the handles into the box and look for a hidden small toy. It can be advised to play with pebbles, dry and wet sand, with clay, potions, plasticine, flour and salt dough.

Pay attention to cold snow or juice from the refrigerator and hot tea, hot batteries, fire on the stove. When bathing, draw the attention of the baby to the temperature of the water in the tap and bath; you can pour warm water into one basin, cool water into another and alternately lower the arms or legs.

Since the general sensitivity of the skin is reduced, it is useful for the child to receive interesting sensations with the whole body. It is good to wrap it entirely in a woolen blanket; you can wrap the baby in a terry towel, put a fur coat directly on panties and a T-shirt, tie a knitted scarf on your back and stomach.

The sensations of gouache paint on the handles, stomach, and back will be very interesting for the child. It is especially great if the bathroom has a mirror, and you can look at yourself from all sides.

Sensitivity should be developed not only for small hands, but also for legs. Let children run barefoot on grass, sand, wet clay, river or sea pebbles as often as possible in the summer. At home, you can walk on peas, beans, roll rubber ribbed balls with your legs.

Useful self-massage and mutual massage of the arms, legs, back with the help of massage brushes, terry gloves, wheel massager, massage roller for legs, etc.

Additional educational games:

"Catch the Pussy"

The teacher touches different parts of the child's body with a soft toy (pussy), and the child, with his eyes closed, determines where the pussy is. By analogy, other objects can be used to touch: a wet fish, a prickly hedgehog, etc.

"Wonderful bag"

Objects of various shapes, sizes, textures (toys, geometric shapes and bodies, plastic letters and numbers, etc.) are placed in an opaque bag. The child is offered to touch, without looking into the bag, to find the desired item.

"Handkerchief for a doll" (determining objects by the texture of the material, in this case, determining the type of fabric)

Children are offered three dolls in different scarves (silk, woolen, knitted). Children take turns examining and feeling all the handkerchiefs. Then the handkerchiefs are removed and put in a bag. Children by touch look for the right handkerchief for each doll in the bag.

"Guess by touch what this object is made of"

The child is offered to determine by touch what various objects are made of: a glass cup, a wooden block, an iron spatula, a plastic bottle, a fluffy toy, leather gloves, a rubber ball, a clay vase, etc.

By analogy, you can use objects and materials of various textures and determine what they are: viscous, sticky, rough, velvety, smooth, fluffy, etc.

"Recognize the figure"

Geometric figures are laid out on the table, the same as those that lie in the bag. The teacher shows any figure and asks the child to get the same one out of the bag.

"Recognize the object by the contour"

The child is blindfolded and given a figure cut out of cardboard (it can be a bunny, a Christmas tree, a pyramid, a house, a fish, a bird). They ask what it is. They remove the figure, untie their eyes and ask them to draw it from memory, compare the drawing with the outline, circle the figure.

"Guess what the item is"

Various voluminous toys or small objects (a rattle, a ball, a cube, a comb, a toothbrush, etc.) are laid out on the table, which are covered on top with a thin, but dense and opaque napkin. The child is offered to identify objects by touch through a napkin and name them.

"Find a Pair"

Material: plates pasted over with velvet, sandpaper, foil, velveteen, flannel.
The child is offered blindfolded to the touch to find pairs of identical plates.

"What's inside?"

The child is offered balloons containing various fillers inside: water, sand, flour with water, peas, beans, various cereals: semolina, rice, buckwheat, etc. You can use a funnel to fill the balloons. Balls with each filler must be paired. The child must feel by touch to find pairs with the same fillers.

Additionally, you can place a small amount of each filler in plates. In this case, it will also be necessary to correlate each pair with the corresponding filler, i.e. determine what is inside the balls.

"Guess the number" (letter)

On the back of the child, the back of the pencil (or finger) writes a number (letter). The child must determine what the symbol is.
Also very useful for preschoolers and elementary school students (especially first grade) are games with letters made of rough (velvet, sandpaper, etc.) paper: "Detect by touch", "Find the desired letter", "Show the letter". The child repeatedly runs his hand over the letter, feels it and calls it. At the same time, not only the form is remembered, but also the way of writing this letter, which are associated with its name. Children who wish to immediately write this letter should be given the opportunity.
Games of this type are recommended to be carried out with gradual complication: from learning groping actions under the guidance of an adult to independently completing the task by the student, moreover, with his eyes closed. By analogy, different numbers can be used.

"What is it?"

The child closes his eyes. He is offered to touch the object with five fingers, but not to move them. By texture, you need to determine the material (you can use cotton wool, fur, fabric, paper, leather, wood, plastic, metal).

"Collect the Matryoshka"

Two players approach the table. They close their eyes. In front of them are two disassembled nesting dolls. On command, both begin to collect their nesting dolls - who is faster.

"Cinderella"

Children (2-5 people) sit at the table. They are blindfolded. Before each pile of seeds (peas, seeds, etc.). For a limited time, the seeds should be disassembled into piles.

"Guess What's Inside"

Two are playing. Each playing child has an opaque bag filled with small items: checkers, pen caps, buttons, erasers, coins, nuts, etc. The teacher calls the item, the players must quickly find it by touch and get it with one hand, and hold the bag with the other. Who will do it faster?

As we promised, we will devote this review to various sensory games and toys that are easy to make at home.

Sensory development is perception through the senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell.
Sensory development occurs by recognizing the shape, size, color, smell of an object. To understand what an object is, the child must definitely touch it and make sure it is rough or smooth. In the case of fruits or vegetables, bitter or sweet, etc.
Games for sensory development are associated with the determination of the properties of various objects. In the game Magic bag, the child learns to recognize objects by touch. Also, with your eyes closed, you can guess vegetables and fruits by taste or smell. You can also guess by touch what is made of what - a glass cup, a fork, a wooden handle, etc.
We will not talk in detail about games for the study of shapes, sizes and colors - a lot has been written about them, but we will dwell on tactile games in more detail.

Remember the feeling
You need to touch the child’s hand with different objects, naming the properties of the object and the sensations of touch: a feather, a toy, a mitten, a washcloth, etc. And then repeat the touches, but only with your eyes closed. The task of the child is to remember the sensation and name the object that caused it.

Recognize the figure
Geometric figures are laid out on the table, the same as those that lie in the bag. The teacher shows any figure and asks the child to get the same one out of the bag.

Find a couple
The game is easy to make yourself. The main thing is to collect as many pairs of samples as possible that are different to the touch - pieces of fabric, a sponge, the back of a sponge, etc. There are several ways to play. For example, you can ask a child (with open eyes) to find a prickly or velvety object (a piece of cloth), you can play like this with your eyes closed. And you can take one item, and then look for the same by touch.
And, when the game begins to gradually get bored, it can be made more difficult by adding more additional search features, for example, a large round button or a small square one, etc.

Here is how it might look like

Here is our list of what can be used for this game (feel different materials)

1. fabrics
- velveteen (large and small)
- velvet
- skin
- smooth lining
- fleece
- velor
- upholstery fabric
- some kind of "prickly" fabric
- fabric with sewn sequins
- silk
- different fur
- there is fabric with pimples
- fabric for a coat (like a lamb)

2. Buttons of different shapes
3. Velcro - both sides
4. Velvet paper
5. Pieces of cotton
6. You can use different threads or yarn
7. A piece of oilcloth
8. A piece of plastic bag
9. Small rhinestones (or type of rhinestones) are sold on a ribbon. For the smallest, the sensation for the fingers is a little “prickly” or “sharp” (they cannot hurt, of course)
10. A piece of rubber mat
11. Sponge washcloth
12. Sponge

And you can make a rug or a panel on the wall

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When my son was little, he was very fond of pouring different cereals from bowl to bowl (with his hands, with a spoon) and looking for toys in a container with cereals.

You can guess the grains by touch

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But the best material is, of course, sand. True, not every parent dares to arrange a sandbox at home. And it's not really necessary when it's much more interesting to arrange a box of real treasures - a sensory box!
Sensory boxes are containers (or you can make or buy a ready-made table) with high sides that are filled with a variety of "tactile" materials.

Such boxes can be made colored and at the same time play the game "find the object"

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And you can make them thematic - according to the seasons or by appointment - forest, construction, etc. Thus, we create a real decoration for the game!

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For kids, it is better to choose larger items, and with older children it will be fun to create such a box together, or rather entrust the entire creative part to the child, and an adult will only help to collect the necessary material.

Here is a short list of what you can put in such a box:

1. plain rice or dyed with food coloring
2. beans, red and green lentils
3. peas
4. pasta (large tubular, curlicues, shells, butterflies, etc.)
5. semolina
6. buckwheat
7. millet
8. salt (fine or coarse sea salt, or it can be colored for the bath)
9. shaving foam
11. dry or fresh leaves
7. sand
12. pebbles or ordinary small pebbles
13. glass hemispheres that are sold for aquariums
14. shells
15. cotton balls
16. pom-poms
17. cut paper
18. ice
19. soldering
20. buttons
21. chestnuts
22. acorns
23. artificial feathers

And another advantage of such a toy is that the content is easy to change at any time and it will never get bored. And one more thing - it is interesting and useful not only for children, try to put your hands down after a busy day, for example, in beans or peas - you will feel how all the nervous tension goes away. Try it and send us photos of your sensory boxes!

“There is no, and cannot be, full-fledged mental development without play. The game is a huge bright window through which a life-giving stream of ideas and concepts flows into the spiritual world of the child. The game is a spark that ignites the flame of inquisitiveness and curiosity.

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11 rhymes for tactile games with the baby

1. Nose met with a nose
The nose butted up.
And then he said "hello"
Nose kissed all over!

2. Legs-legs, topotushki!
Jumpers, runaways.
Legs grow strong
They'll be running fast soon!

3. Handles-handles, all grippers
Hugs mom tightly
We'll pull the handles up
We will grow to everyone soon!

4. Heels, pink heels,
Let's play hide and seek with mom!
Mom hid: peek-a-boo!
I can find her!

5. That soft tummy
Gave us a hippo!
If you kiss the belly
The kid will laugh.

6. The hedgehog has a bristle,
Our smooth back!
Here comes the centipede -
This is my mother's hand.

7. Spout, spout, snout -
hole on the right, hole on the left
And at the end of the bell
He calls when he wants to.

8. Cheeks, sweet cheeks
Delicate like petals.
Cheek - one and cheek - two!
It's time to kiss!

9. Everyone's ears hear perfectly,
Our ears are naughty!
When the eyes are fast asleep
Mother's ears protect.

10. An angel flew to us
Sat on our right toe
Rocked and took off -
Sat down on the head.

11. A titmouse flew to us
Sat (name) on cilia
She closed her eyes with her wings,
To dream of (name) fairy tales.

Zahod For a full-fledged perception of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, sensual (sensory) development is of great importance. It is on this basis that memory, thinking and imagination, even readiness for school, will then develop.

You can say as much as you like - “sour”, “bitter”, “hot”, but until the child tries it himself, he will not know what it really is. And on the one hand, this is normal: such sensory experience must be passed through oneself, only then it matters for the development of the personality.

On the other hand, such entertainment can be unsafe both for the child himself and for the surrounding objects: give the baby free rein, he will “test” all the dishes for strength, and all the puddles to the depth.

Therefore, direct the energy and thirst for knowledge of the child in a peaceful direction - play sensory games!

1. Lay out / pick up by color / shape / size.

Arrange the figures cut out of colored paper or cardboard by color, sort them by shape (circle, triangle, oval) or size - large to large, small to small.

Ask the child to show the same small blue square or large yellow circle as you have in your hands.

2. Find the same / find a similar one.

On a walk or indoors, look for objects of your chosen colors: houses, cars, leaves, clothing items, pieces of furniture. You can search for anything small or large. At the same time, the child will also better understand the concept of relativity - compared to you, the bus is large, and compared to the house, it is small.

Also look for objects that resemble geometric shapes in shape - a house like a rectangle, a puddle like an oval, a sandbox like a square, etc.

3. Colorful fantasy.

Pour plain water into several cups and show the child how it is painted in different colors, if you lower a brush with paint of any color into it. Try mixing different colors, getting new and new shades.

4. Big/small.

Let your child try on your clothes - it will be great for him, because he is still small, and yours is small for him, because you are already big.

Try to hide toys of different sizes in the cam - small ones can easily fit, but large ones cannot.

5. What does it sound like?

For each game, you can take 2-5 items, increasing their number depending on the age of the child.

Rattle, knock, ring the selected objects in front of the baby. And then, already turning away, let him determine only by ear what sounded - a bell, a spoon on the table, or a rustling package?

6. Listen to how it sounds!

Use every opportunity to draw the baby's attention to one or another sound of an object - how leaves rustle, rain drums on glass, an elevator rides, a dog barks, a drill works, etc.

A more sophisticated option is to try to give each sound an emotional coloring: for example, a drill sounds unhappy, an elevator rides tiredly, thunder rumbles angrily, a tambourine sounds cheerful, and water flows with laughter.

7. Music games.

The task of the child is to go fast or slowly, depending on how fast you tap your hands or hit the tambourine.

It is not an easy task for very young children to stop when the music stops, especially if before that it sounded fast and energetic.

8. Mmm ... how it smells!

Draw your baby's attention to a variety of smells - like vanilla pie from the oven or fresh bread in the store. What smells hover in the meat and sausage department, how pleasant the smell of fresh linen, book pages and a blooming flower on the window.

9. How does it feel?

To develop tactile sensitivity, invite your baby to touch a variety of objects, paying attention to how they feel: smooth, rough, fluffy, hard, prickly, soft, cold, hard, warm, etc.

Touch everything you can: fabric, clothes, furniture and toys, tree bark and leaves on the street, stroke your own or someone else's pet or parrot, try to pick up water, hide your palms in flour or cereal, roll out a spool of thread and a ball of wool, tear a piece of paper and touch the cactus.

10. Wonderful bag.

A very famous game, common in preschool institutions - the child must find and pull out an object from the bag by touch.

You can put anything in this bag - voluminous geometric shapes, various pieces of fabric and thread, a toy, and even fruits and vegetables.

11. Who is this?

The child must guess by touch which family member's hand he is now touching. Be sure to switch roles with your child.

12. Oh, how delicious!

While eating, pay attention to the taste of the dish. Offer to try new things - lemon, pepper, garlic, mango, avocado, of course, in small quantities. Invite the baby, closing his eyes, to guess what he eats - a lemon, an apple, bread or cookies.

13. What has changed?

Put several toys in a row in front of the baby, remembering their location, he will turn away the way, and turning back, guess which toys have changed their place.