“ADVICES FOR PARENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

FOR THE SUMMER PERIOD."

CONSULTATION

FOR PARENTS (LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES)

compiled by: Safonova N.V.

2016

"Summer is good for the mind"

Summer is a favorable period not only for relaxation and strengthening the health of children, but also for their mental development. At this time of year, children, with the help of adults, can expand their understanding of the world around them, develop attention, memory, observation, the ability to compare, generalize, classify, enrich their vocabulary, and also show creativity. All this is very important for their emotional and moral well-being and preparation for school. During your leisure time together, I advise:

1. Introduce children to natural phenomena that occur in the summer in inanimate and living nature. Teach to see natural relationships (For example, clouds in the sky, which means it will rain. Dandelion flowers are closed in cloudy weather or in the evening, etc.)

2. While walking in the park and forest, observe different representatives of the animal world, examine trees, shrubs, and flowering herbs. And be sure to invite the child to tell about what he saw. What grows in the forest (in the field, in the meadow), who lives there? Foster a caring attitude towards nature.

3. Look at plants, name their parts: trunk, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, root, petal, . Learn to distinguish and name several types of trees and shrubs. Compare them, identifying similarities and differences. For example, compare maple and birch, spruce and pine, lilac and rowan.

4. Carry out didactic games: “Which tree is the leaf from”, “Find the same leaf”, “Find out and name” (tree, bush, in a picture or in nature), “What is extra?”

5. Learn to distinguish and name several types of wild and garden flowers. Didactic game for grouping flowers “In the meadow - in the flowerbed.”

6. Learn poems about flowers and trees: E. Blaginina “By the raspberries”, “Rowan”, E. Serova “Bell”, “Lily of the valley”, “Porridge”, “Dandelion”, I. Tokmakova “Spruces”, “Birches” , “Pines”, “Oak”, Z. Alexandrov "Bouquet".

7. While relaxing on a river, lake, or sea, also develop children's powers of observation and the ability to compare. How are these bodies of water similar and different? Explain what a current, shores, waves, surf are. Watch fish and seagulls with your baby.

8. In the summer, create conditions for children to play with natural materials (cones, pebbles, leaves, twigs, sand, clay, etc.). Children learn to use substitute objects (for example, a stick instead of a spoon for a doll, pebbles instead of candy for it). This develops imagination and creativity.

9. Teach your child to distinguish and correctly name the sizes of objects and objects, and not just “big - small”. For example, the trunk is thick and thin, the tree is tall and short, the branch is long and short, the river is wide and the stream is narrow, etc.

10. A variety of summer colors will help teach children the names of colors, including shades. Play with them like this: “Different colors of summer”, “Colored backgrounds”, “Collect the same colors”.

11. Learn to navigate in space. This will be helped by the didactic game “Hide the toy” (under a chair, on a shelf, behind your back, etc.), “Do as I say” (two steps forward, one step to the right, raise your left hand up, close your left eye with your right hand etc.). You will learn how to navigate the plane of a leaf with tasks like: “Put a maple leaf in the center, a spruce cone in the upper right corner, a pine cone in the upper left corner, a daisy in the lower right corner, a cornflower in the lower left corner.” "

12. Practice children counting to 10 and back, again using natural materials (cones, pebbles, petals, leaves, etc.).

13. Teach children to compare. For example, a tree and a log, a bird and an airplane, a daisy and a bell, an apple and a pear, a girl and a doll. What is their difference and are there any similarities? Why? Teach your child to prove his opinion.

14. While working in the garden and orchard, give children a clear example to understand the process of growing plants from seeds, tell them about the dependence of their growth on natural conditions (light, moisture, heat). Teach to observe the growth and ripening of vegetables, fruits and berries and involve them in all possible help.

15. Teach children to talk daily about the weather, what they saw, what they did. And if your child makes mistakes in constructing sentences, correct him. This contributes to the development of the child’s grammatical structure and coherent speech.

16.Develop your child’s speech breathing by offering to blow into a straw or on dandelions, blowing up balloons or soap bubbles.

All this will form in children a holistic understanding of summer as a time of year, broaden their horizons, develop intelligence and curiosity, and introduce them to the amazing world of nature. And, what is especially important, joint leisure, common activities and games bring children and parents closer together, improve the home microclimate and help strengthen the family.

About children's summer holidays

The sun is good, but in moderation

In summer, children should spend maximum time outdoors. This also applies to the smallest children - infants. However, if older preschoolers are allowed to sunbathe a little, then direct sunlight can be harmful to children. The biggest danger is overheating of the body, sunburn, sunstroke, since a small child has less perfect thermoregulation and his skin is very delicate.

Up to three years, light-air baths can be carried out under a canopy or in the shade of trees. In this case, the principle of gradual exposure of the child’s body must be observed. First, the arms and legs are freed from clothing, and then the rest of the body. Already from the age of 1.5 years, a child can take light-air baths wearing only panties. The duration of the first such bath is 5 minutes, then the time gradually increases to 30-40 minutes. Light-air baths are especially recommended for children with weakened bodies. The best time is from 9 to 12 o'clock, in the south - from 8 to 10 o'clock. It is best to end each light-air bath with a water procedure.

After a week-long course of light-air baths, preschool children can begin sunbathing. A child can sunbathe while lying down, or even better while playing and moving.

Sunbathing in combination with light-air baths, as well as water procedures, has an excellent strengthening effect. Children become more resistant to influenza-like illnesses than those children who sunbathed a little.

Caution: heat and sunstroke!

Experts do not make much difference between these conditions. And this is understandable. The basis of both heatstroke and sunstroke is overheating of the body. The cause of heat stroke is the difficulty of heat transfer from the surface of the body. This is often associated with prolonged exposure to a hot, humid atmosphere. When sunstroke occurs, blood circulation in the brain is impaired. This usually happens when a child walks in the sun with his head uncovered.

The younger the child is, the more sensitive he is to the effects of heat and sunlight. Therefore, overheating of the body in a small child can sometimes already occur while taking light-air baths.

With mild sunstroke or heatstroke, the symptoms are mostly the same. This is dizziness, weakness, headache. Children often experience intestinal upset. In severe cases, convulsions, vomiting, and loss of consciousness may occur. In all such situations, you need to urgently call a doctor, and before he arrives, move the child to the shade, wet his head and chest with cold water, put a cold compress on the bridge of his nose, and raise his head. Give the child something to drink and calm him down.

Hardening children in summer

Spring and summer are especially favorable for improving children's health. They should be outside as long as possible from the first days of spring.

The child should be taught to wash his feet with cool water. It is well known that in the summer a child should wash his body before going to bed or putting on his shoes. This is a basic rule of hygiene. But the hardening effect of systematic foot washing often escapes the attention of parents. Meanwhile, this is an excellent hardening agent, which is as effective as all other methods when used systematically. Not a single day should be missed; children should wash their feet regardless of the weather and whether they walked barefoot that day or not. The water temperature should be gradually reduced. Children must be taught to fulfill basic hygiene requirements: wash their feet in a separate basin, using soap and a washcloth, wipe dry with a towel specially designated for this purpose, wear slippers or sandals so as not to stain the washed feet.

In summer, it is best to wash your feet in the air, this enhances the hardening effect. In addition, it is easier for a child to master the skill of washing his feet on his own, because he is not afraid of getting the floor wet.

Children should also be taught to wash themselves daily with cool water up to the waist. The child washes his hands up to his elbows with soap, then with a handful of water, he sequentially washes his hands up to his shoulders (alternately), his face, neck, chest and armpits; he will have to help wash his back. At the end of washing, the child throws a towel over his neck and with quick movements (initially with the help of an adult) wipes his chest, face, neck, etc. Older children quickly begin to wash themselves; younger children need help.

Children love water very much. In summer, in warm weather, you can allow them to wander along the bottom of a shallow stream, play on a wet bank, build fortresses from wet sand, dig wells, and build dams.

It’s not scary if children have to run through damp grass, puddles, or even get caught in warm summer rain while walking - this will further increase the stability of their body. It is only dangerous to leave children in wet clothes.

Walking barefoot- one of the oldest hardening techniques, widely practiced today in many countries. In addition, the foot muscles are trained. Protecting against flat feet. Therefore, it is recommended to walk barefoot on mown grass, fallen pine needles in the forest, etc. You should start walking barefoot in the room, first for 1 minute and add 1 minute every 5-7 days, bringing the total duration to 8-10 minutes daily.

Special hardening measures in the summer include air and sun baths, rubbing, dousing, and swimming in natural reservoirs.

Air baths are used to accustom children to direct contact of the entire surface of the body with air. In addition to temperature, humidity and air movement are also important.

In the hot summer, when children wear only panties all day, there is no particular need for special air baths. In the spring, when you are not yet accustomed to the air, and on cool days, which also happen in the summer, they are very useful.

For air baths, choose an area protected from the wind; they can be carried out on the terrace, on an open balcony. Children are stripped naked or left with only short panties.

At first, the air baths last only 3-4 minutes, gradually increasing their duration, up to an hour. It is better to start the procedure in calm weather at an air temperature of at least 23-24°.

During air baths, children should be in motion; on cool days, more active games should be selected, and on warm days, calm ones. You can offer your child some interesting task: throw and catch a ball a certain number of times so that it never falls, roll a wooden hoop to the end of the path, run 2-3 times around a tree, gazebo, etc.

Sunbathing have a general strengthening effect on the body of preschoolers, enhance metabolism, and increase the body's resistance to diseases. In the skin, under the influence of sunlight, substances rich in vitamin D (anti-rachitic) are formed, which improves the absorption of calcium and phosphorus salts, which are especially important for a growing organism. Staying in the sun is also beneficial because children get used to withstanding the thermal effects of the sun's rays and feel cheerful even in hot weather.

But after prolonged exposure to the sun, some children may develop weakness, irritability, and sometimes poor sleep. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the well-being of children both during sunbathing and after it.

The place chosen for sunbathing should be dry. The child lies down on a mat so that the body is illuminated by the sun and the head is in the shade (it can be covered with a Panama hat). The duration of the procedure at first is 4 minutes, during which the child changes position, exposing his back, right and left side, and stomach to the sun. Every 2-3 baths, another minute is added to the irradiation time for each side of the body. Gradually, the duration of the sunbath can be increased to 25-30 minutes.

2-3 minutes after the end of the sunbath, the child should be doused with water at a temperature of 26-28° and allowed to rest in the shade for half an hour.

Rubdown- the most gentle water procedure that can be used not only for healthy, but also for weak children. The procedure is performed as follows. With the dampened end of a towel or mitten, wipe your arms, neck, chest, stomach, legs, back, immediately wiping dry until slightly reddened. The water temperature is initially 30°, gradually reduced, bringing it to room temperature.

Pouring- an excellent means of hardening, simple and affordable. Initially, the water temperature should be 30-32°, every 3 days it is reduced by one degree. You can bring it to 22-20° for children of primary preschool age and to 18° for 6-7 year olds.

On warm days, the procedure is carried out outdoors, on cold, damp or windy days - indoors. For dousing, you can use a shower, a garden watering can or a jug. The child stands on a wooden grate (so as not to stain the soles of his feet after dousing). First, he washes his hands (with soap) and his face under running water, lightly wetting his head with a damp hand. Then a stream of water from a height of 40-50 centimeters is directed onto his neck, bypassing his head. The child turns, alternately exposing his back, side, chest, etc. The water should flow down the body in a wide stream.

Swimming in natural reservoirs You can start in stable weather, on a quiet sunny day, when the air temperature is not lower than 25-26°, and the water is not too cold (at first 22-23°). After children get used to bathing, it should not be canceled even at an air temperature of 18°.

Basic Rules. The child should not bathe more than once a day, the duration of stay in the water should not be longer than 5-8 minutes (starting from 1-2 minutes, gradually increasing the time). If the water is cold, it is enough to take a dip 2-3 times and get out. After swimming, you need to dry yourself well, get dressed, warm up by moving (running), and then relax in the shade.

Children who are carried away by bathing often neglect the established rules and begin to feel cold from hypothermia. And this is not good for health. Teach your child to get out of the water at your request, and not to be willful in this matter. While bathing, children should move: jump, play, make swimming movements.

The question is often asked whether it is possible to simultaneously carry out several methods of hardening with preschoolers.

When choosing the number of procedures and determining their place in the daily routine, it is necessary to take into account, firstly, that strongly cooling procedures covering the entire surface of the child’s body can be prescribed no more than once a day. So, for example, on the day when children are swimming in the river, douching should not be done. This does not mean, of course, that on this day you should not wash yourself to the waist or wash your feet with cool water. Such partial washings in summer are more of a hygienic means, the same as washing your hands and face.

Secondly, it is permissible to carry out the air and water procedures on the same day. These can be either independent events, for example, dousing before lunch, air baths in the afternoon, or related to each other: a water procedure after an air bath.

Finally, you should not do strong water treatments, such as cold showers, before bed. They have a stimulating effect, which is very useful in the morning or afternoon, but not in the evening.

With the reasonable use of natural factors, children harden and become healthier over the summer. You can consolidate the results obtained and make them lasting only if you maintain the habit of fresh air and cool water throughout the year.

Child safety on the water

Swimming and playing in the water bring pleasure to the child and are good physical activity. However, there are several steps you need to take to prevent water accidents:

· Never allow children to swim alone without supervision.

· An adult who looks after bathing children must be able to swim, provide first aid, and master artificial respiration and chest compressions.

· There should be a lifebuoy on a rope and/or a hook near the pond.

· Be sure to explain to children that they should never swim alone, or dive in an unfamiliar place until an adult checks the depth of the reservoir, as well as the presence of foreign objects (boulders, snags, metal debris) at the bottom. Also explain to children that they must wear life jackets when boating or fishing from boats.

· Do not allow your children or children who cannot swim to use non-floating toys in the water.

· Teach your children to swim as soon as they are ready (from about 5 years old).

Poisoning by poisonous plants

Preschool children show great interest in the surrounding nature, but due to the fact that they do not yet have sufficient knowledge about some of the characteristics of plants, they sometimes pick poisonous plants or even eat their fruits, rhizomes, etc.
Most often, poisoning from poisonous plants occurs in the summer. There are also cases of burns to the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth due to contact or ingestion of the juice of certain plants.

Brief characteristics of poisonous plants

Veh poisonous. Similar to garden plants - parsley, dill, etc. Grows in damp places, along rivers and lakes, in bushes. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Poisoning occurs more often if you eat the rhizome. A distinctive property of this plant is the pleasant smell that is released when any part of it is rubbed, and the presence of a thick rhizome, divided by transverse partitions into chambers.

Signs of poisoning occur very quickly, depending on the amount of plant eaten. The first signs of poisoning: abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, pallor, difficulty breathing. Subsequently, convulsions and loss of consciousness occur.

Castor bean. The plant grows in the southern regions of the Rostov region and Stavropol region, in Transcaucasia. Poisoning occurs if you eat the seeds of a plant similar to beans and beans. The fruits (seeds) are placed in three-celled boxes and are attractive with their bright colors. Severe poisoning is possible from 2-3 seeds. Signs of poisoning appear after 1-2 hours: headache, redness of the throat, pain in the throat, temperature drop below normal, pulse rapid and small.

Henbane black. It grows in wastelands, along roads, in abandoned fields. The entire plant is covered with soft, sticky hairs and emits a specific unpleasant odor. Poisoning most often occurs from seeds that children mistake for poppy seeds.

Datura common. Datura- wasteland plant. Poisoning occurs from eating seeds and inhaling the smell of a flowering plant. Flowering from mid-June to September. Fetus- a spherical box, covered with spines. The ripe capsule opens with four doors, inside which are kidney-shaped black seeds.

Signs of poisoning with black henbane, datura vulgare, belladonna are of the same type: dilated pupils with loss of reaction to light, dry mucous membranes. The more the child chewed the plant, the greater the redness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx.

This group also includes bittersweet nightshade. Poisoning occurs from eating the fruits of the plant, which have the shape of spherical black berries with a bittersweet taste.

Fighter(shoes). It grows everywhere: in forests, ravines, on river banks, in parks. All parts of the plant, especially underground ones, are very poisonous. Poisoning most often occurs in the spring from eating tubers.

The picture of poisoning is expressed in diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, increasing weakness, damage to cardiac and respiratory activity, and a drop in blood pressure.

Hemlock. Grows in meadows, along roads, fences. Poisoning occurs if you eat the stem. When you rub this plant with your hands, it emits a characteristic mouse smell. Poisoning is similar to the picture of nicotine poisoning. Symptoms: nausea, dilated pupils, difficulty swallowing, minor convulsions, ptosis (paralysis of the muscles that lift the eyelids), clear consciousness.

Cheremitsa green and ordinary. Causes poisoning similar to poisoning from the wrestler plant. Death is rare.

Common wild rosemary. Distributed in the northern and middle regions of European Russia, the Far East, and Siberia. Dangerous during flowering (May-July). During this period, the above-ground parts of the plant secrete substances that have an irritating effect on the central nervous system; absorbed through the skin.

Wolf's Bast. The plant is distributed in the northwestern part of the Russian Federation, the European part and Siberia. Grows in mixed coniferous shady forests and on plains. Blooms in April and early May. Fetus- abundant bright red drupe, located along the stem. The bark and berries (fruits) have the greatest toxic effect. Wet bark can cause burns. Eating berries causes a burning sensation in the mouth, swelling of the oral mucosa and larynx. This may cause suffocation.

Hogweed. Weed plant. It is found in wastelands, near roads, meadows and forest edges. Poisoning and burns occur upon contact with stems, leaves, or when plant juice gets on the skin.

Buttercup caustic. Perennial. Contains a toxic substance that causes severe irritation to the skin and mucous membranes. On contact, it causes inflammation of the skin with the formation of blisters. If plant sap comes in contact with the skin, ulcers may occur.

Crow's eye. All parts of the plant are poisonous, but poisoning most often occurs from fruits (berries), which children mistake for blueberries.
Poisoning is characterized by the appearance of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Without help, death is possible as a result of damage to the cardiovascular system.

May lily of the valley. A common perennial plant. It has a fruit - a bright red berry. Poisoning is caused by eating berries. This causes headache, tinnitus, dizziness, cold sweat, nausea, diarrhea, and a rare arrhythmic pulse. The pupils are constricted, convulsions are possible.

Black elderberry. Shrub or small tree. The flowers are white, collected in corymbose inflorescences, the fruits are black-violet, the berries, and the fruit pulp is dark red with wrinkled seeds. The shrub is found both wild and as an ornamental plant.

Poisoning is caused by eating berries. Vomiting and diarrhea occur; in severe cases, a picture characteristic of hydrocyanic acid poisoning may be observed.

Euphorbia vine. The milky sap contained in the stem of the plant is poisonous. In case of contact with the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, nose, an acute inflammatory process occurs, redness and blisters appear at the site of the lesion. If a child tries to eat the plant, vomiting and diarrhea occur. In severe cases, damage to the central nervous system occurs: convulsions, breathing problems, and cardiac activity.

First aid

If poison gets inside, you need to induce vomiting, rinse the stomach with water or a solution of potassium permanganate, introduce activated charcoal, give a saline laxative, and take the victim to the hospital.

If the skin and mucous membranes are damaged, they should be washed with warm water, lubricated with an alcoholic methylene solution, ointments containing anesthesin and prednisolone should be applied, and diphenhydramine should be given orally.

"Summer is good for the mind"

Summer is a favorable period not only for relaxation and strengthening the health of children, but also for their mental development. At this time of year, children, with the help of adults, can expand their understanding of the world around them, develop attention, memory, observation, the ability to compare, generalize, classify, enrich their vocabulary, and also show creativity. All this is very important for their emotional and moral well-being and preparation for school. During your leisure time together, I advise:

1. Introduce children to natural phenomena that occur in the summer in inanimate and living nature. Learn to see natural relationships. (For example, there are clouds in the sky, which means it will rain. Dandelion flowers are closed in cloudy weather or in the evening, etc.)

2. While walking in the park and forest, observe different representatives of the animal world, examine trees, shrubs, and flowering herbs. And be sure to invite the child to tell about what he saw. What grows in the forest (in the field, in the meadow), who lives there? Foster a caring attitude towards nature.

3. Look at plants, name their parts: trunk, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, root, petal, . Learn to distinguish and name several types of trees and shrubs. Compare them, identifying similarities and differences. For example, compare maple and birch, spruce and pine, lilac and rowan.

4. Carry out didactic games: “Which tree is the leaf from”, “Find the same leaf”, “Find out and name” (tree, bush, in a picture or in nature), “What is extra?”

5. Learn to distinguish and name several types of wild and garden flowers. Didactic game for grouping flowers “In the meadow - in the flowerbed.”

6. Learn poems about flowers and trees: E. Blaginina “By the raspberries”, “Rowan”, E. Serova “Bell”, “Lily of the valley”, “Porridge”, “Dandelion”, I. Tokmakova “Spruces”, “Birches” , “Pines”, “Oak”, Z. Alexandrov "Bouquet".

7. While relaxing on a river, lake, or sea, also develop children's powers of observation and the ability to compare. How are these bodies of water similar and different? Explain what a current, shores, waves, surf are. Watch fish and seagulls with your baby.

8. In the summer, create conditions for children to play with natural materials (cones, pebbles, leaves, twigs, sand, clay, etc.). Children learn to use substitute objects (for example, a stick instead of a spoon for a doll, pebbles instead of candy for it). This develops imagination and creativity.

9. Teach your child to distinguish and correctly name the sizes of objects and objects, and not just “big - small”. For example, the trunk is thick and thin, the tree is tall and short, the branch is long and short, the river is wide and the stream is narrow, etc.

10. A variety of summer colors will help teach children the names of colors, including shades. Play with them like this: “Different colors of summer”, “Colored backgrounds”, “Collect the same colors”.

11. Learn to navigate in space. This will be helped by the didactic game “Hide the toy” (under a chair, on a shelf, behind your back, etc.), “Do as I say” (two steps forward, one step to the right, raise your left hand up, close your left eye with your right hand etc.). You will learn how to navigate the plane of a leaf with tasks like: “Put a maple leaf in the center, a spruce cone in the upper right corner, a pine cone in the upper left corner, a daisy in the lower right corner, a cornflower in the lower left corner.” "

12. Practice children counting to 10 and back, again using natural materials (cones, pebbles, petals, leaves, etc.).

13. Teach children to compare. For example, a tree and a log, a bird and an airplane, a daisy and a bell, an apple and a pear, a girl and a doll. What is their difference and are there any similarities? Why? Teach your child to prove his opinion.

14. While working in the garden and orchard, give children a clear example to understand the process of growing plants from seeds, tell them about the dependence of their growth on natural conditions (light, moisture, heat). Teach to observe the growth and ripening of vegetables, fruits and berries and involve them in all possible help.

15. Teach children to talk daily about the weather, what they saw, what they did. And if your child makes mistakes in constructing sentences, correct him. This contributes to the development of the child’s grammatical structure and coherent speech.

16.Develop your child’s speech breathing by offering to blow into a straw or on dandelions, blowing up balloons or soap bubbles.

All this will form in children a holistic understanding of summer as a time of year, broaden their horizons, develop intelligence and curiosity, and introduce them to the amazing world of nature. And, what is especially important, joint leisure, common activities and games bring children and parents closer together, improve the home microclimate and help strengthen the family.

ADVICE FOR PARENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FOR THE SUMMER PERIOD.

"Summer is good for the mind"

Summer is a favorable period not only for relaxation and strengthening the health of children, but also for their mental development. At this time of year, children, with the help of adults, can expand their understanding of the world around them, develop attention, memory, observation, the ability to compare, generalize, classify, enrich their vocabulary, and also show creativity. All this is very important for their emotional and moral well-being and preparation for school. During your leisure time together, I advise:

1. Introduce children to natural phenomena that occur in the summer in inanimate and living nature. Learn to see natural relationships. (For example, there are clouds in the sky, which means it will rain. Dandelion flowers are closed in cloudy weather or in the evening, etc.)

2. While walking in the park and forest, observe different representatives of the animal world, examine trees, shrubs, and flowering herbs. And be sure to invite the child to tell about what he saw. What grows in the forest (in the field, in the meadow), who lives there? Foster a caring attitude towards nature.

3. Look at plants, name their parts: trunk, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, root, petal, . Learn to distinguish and name several types of trees and shrubs. Compare them, identifying similarities and differences. For example, compare maple and birch, spruce and pine, lilac and rowan.

4. Carry out didactic games: “Which tree is the leaf from”, “Find the same leaf”, “Find out and name” (tree, bush, in a picture or in nature), “What is extra?”

5. Learn to distinguish and name several types of wild and garden flowers. Didactic game for grouping flowers “In the meadow - in the flowerbed.”

6. Learn poems about flowers and trees: E. Blaginina “By the raspberries”, “Rowan”, E. Serova “Bell”, “Lily of the valley”, “Porridge”, “Dandelion”, I. Tokmakova “Spruces”, “Birches” , “Pines”, “Oak”, Z. Alexandrov "Bouquet".

7. While relaxing on a river, lake, or sea, also develop children's powers of observation and the ability to compare. How are these bodies of water similar and different? Explain what a current, shores, waves, surf are. Watch fish and seagulls with your baby.

8. In the summer, create conditions for children to play with natural materials (cones, pebbles, leaves, twigs, sand, clay, etc.). Children learn to use substitute objects (for example, a stick instead of a spoon for a doll, pebbles instead of candy for it). This develops imagination and creativity.

9. Teach your child to distinguish and correctly name the sizes of objects and objects, and not just “big - small”. For example, the trunk is thick and thin, the tree is tall and short, the branch is long and short, the river is wide and the stream is narrow, etc.

10. A variety of summer colors will help teach children the names of colors, including shades. Play with them like this: “Different colors of summer”, “Colored backgrounds”, “Collect the same colors”.

11. Learn to navigate in space. This will be helped by the didactic game “Hide the toy” (under a chair, on a shelf, behind your back, etc.), “Do as I say” (two steps forward, one step to the right, raise your left hand up, close your left eye with your right hand etc.). You will learn how to navigate the plane of a leaf with tasks like: “Put a maple leaf in the center, a spruce cone in the upper right corner, a pine cone in the upper left corner, a daisy in the lower right corner, a cornflower in the lower left corner.” "

12. Practice children counting to 10 and back, again using natural materials (cones, pebbles, petals, leaves, etc.).

13. Teach children to compare. For example, a tree and a log, a bird and an airplane, a daisy and a bell, an apple and a pear, a girl and a doll. What is their difference and are there any similarities? Why? Teach your child to prove his opinion.

14. While working in the garden and orchard, give children a clear example to understand the process of growing plants from seeds, tell them about the dependence of their growth on natural conditions (light, moisture, heat). Teach to observe the growth and ripening of vegetables, fruits and berries and involve them in all possible help.

15. Teach children to talk daily about the weather, what they saw, what they did. And if your child makes mistakes in constructing sentences, correct him. This contributes to the development of the child’s grammatical structure and coherent speech.

16.Develop your child’s speech breathing by offering to blow into a straw or on dandelions, blowing up balloons or soap bubbles.

All this will form in children a holistic understanding of summer as a time of year, broaden their horizons, develop intelligence and curiosity, and introduce them to the amazing world of nature. And, what is especially important, joint leisure, common activities and games bring children and parents closer together, improve the home microclimate and help strengthen the family.

Next school year, your children will already be in the preparatory group. Our common task is to prepare them for school so that they are successful.

Of course, we are busy people. And the easiest way to relax is to sit your child in front of the TV or computer... But:

How can we help our children as parents?

Enriching the child’s active and passive vocabulary, developing phonemic processes, and developing grammatically correct phrasal and coherent speech is a task that parents can and must solve every day.

We develop a child’s speech in the summer: on a walk, in the country, in the kitchen.

In the kitchen. You have the opportunity to develop your child’s vocabulary, grammar, phrasal speech on the following topics: “Family”, “Vegetables”, “Fruits”, “Dishes”, “Food”, “Household Appliances”.

Tell your son or daughter what the products are called, what dish you are preparing, and what actions you take while doing it. Do not limit yourself to a primitive dictionary; offer your child more and more new words. Name your actions (cut, mix, salt, fry); Show your child what and how you do. Entrust him with all possible help in the kitchen. In activities, speech material is absorbed much faster and more naturally. Let your child study next to you, copy your words and actions: “cook” food, wash dishes, wipe the table, and at the same time be sure to tell you about what he is doing.

In the country. There is scope for vocabulary and grammatical work on the topics “Summer”, “Flowers”, “Insects”, “Trees”, “Berry”, “Garden Plants”, “Summer and Autumn Work in the Garden”. Observations, impressions, and speech skills acquired at the dacha are extremely valuable and demonstrative. They remain in the child’s memory for life. Only here will a child naturally learn the meaning of the verbs “dig up,” “loosen,” “weed,” “fertilize,” and others. Not in a picture, but in real life, he will see plants at different times of their vegetative period (growth, flowering, fruiting, wilting); learns how and where berries, vegetables, fruits grow, and how hard it is to produce a harvest. Even if the names of flowers, shrubs or vegetables seem difficult to you for a child, still call them out loud more often (narcissus, gladiolus, honeysuckle, squash and others). At first, they will replenish the child’s passive vocabulary, he will know them. Gradually, these words will come into active use and will significantly enrich your child’s vocabulary.

You can offer your child games that train the strength and duration of exhalation:

Blow on the dandelions with several short exhalations and then one long exhalation;

Blowing soap bubbles through a straw (dilute baby shampoo)

Inflate balloons;

Try to inflate inflatable toys, circles, balls;

Learn to swim, exhale into the water, dive;

Blow on children's weather vanes.

The following actions contribute to the development of fine motor skills:

Self-service (zippers, snaps, buttons, laces);

Collect and sort berries;

Help an adult weed the beds;

Lay out drawings from stones (cones, matches, cereals);

Play with clay, wet sand;

Play with balls and balls (throw, catch, hit the target)

On rainy days you can:

Collect mosaics, construction sets, puzzles;

Sort through cereals;

Color the coloring pages with colored pencils;

Fold simple paper toys (origami);

Embroider (large cross stitch);

Screw nuts (toy and real);

Weave beads;

Sculpt from plasticine, plastic, dough.

It is very important to continue to develop the muscles of the speech apparatus (non-specific)

Chew meat (and not just sausages and cutlets);

Chew raw vegetables (carrots, radishes, cucumbers) and fruits (apples, pears...);

Lick jam, sour cream, yogurt from the saucer with your tongue - to flatten the tongue;

Rinse your mouth;

Chew with side teeth;

Suck crackers from bread, rolls (salty);

Lick a popsicle.

And you can talk to your child at any time. These games contribute to the development of grammatical structure of speech and coherent speech.

Say it the other way around (high-low)

Let's count (1 fish, 2 fish, 5 fish)

Say kindly (bird - bird, carpet - rug)

One - many (chair - chairs, many chairs; house - many houses)

Word formation (for example: table made of wood - which one? - wooden)

Select definitions (What types of dogs are there: large, service...);

Game “Guess what I see” (use the description to find out the intended object) (Green, curly, white-trunked. What is it? Birch);

Name words with a certain syllable, sound;

Make sentences with given words;

“What if” (dream on the topic: “What if I had a magic carpet, an invisible hat...”);

We play, developing phonemic processes:

Repeat after me (syllable paths - pa - ba - pa, ta-da-ta, etc.);

Name the first (last) sound in the word;

Where was the sound hidden - at the beginning? In the middle? At the end? - looking for the sound [L] in the word SHOVEL, CAP, COL;

Pay more attention to your child, spend more time in the fresh air, visit playgrounds and parks.

Have a sunny summer and pleasant impressions!

"Summer is good for the mind"

Prepared by: Dubrovina L.V.

Summer is a favorable period not only for relaxation and strengthening the health of children, but also for their mental development. At this time of year, children, with the help of adults, can expand their understanding of the world around them, develop attention, memory, observation, the ability to compare, generalize, classify, enrich their vocabulary, and also show creativity. All this is very important for their emotional and moral well-being and preparation for school. During your leisure time together, I advise:

• To acquaint children with natural phenomena that occur in the summer in inanimate and living nature. Learn to see natural relationships. (For example, there are clouds in the sky, which means it will rain). Dandelion flowers are closed in cloudy weather or in the evening, etc.)
• Walking in the park and forest, observe different representatives of the animal world, examine trees, shrubs, and flowering herbs. And be sure to invite the child to tell about what he saw. What grows in the forest (in the field, in the meadow), who lives there? Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
• Examine plants, name their parts: trunk, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, root, petal, . Learn to distinguish and name several types of trees and shrubs. Compare them, identifying similarities and differences. For example, compare maple and birch, spruce and pine, lilac and rowan.
• Carry out didactic games: “Which tree is the leaf from”, “Find the same leaf”, “Recognize and name” (tree, bush, in a picture or in nature), “What is extra?”
• Learn to distinguish and name several types of wild and garden flowers. Didactic game for grouping flowers “In the meadow - in the flowerbed.”
• Learn poems about flowers and trees: E. Blaginin “By Raspberries”, “Rowan Berry”, E. Serova “Bell”, “Lily of the Valley”, “Porridge”, “Dandelion”, I. Tokmakova “Firs”, “Birches”, “ Pines”, “Oak”, Z. Aleksandrova “Bouquet”.
• Read stories about plants and talk about their content: A. Onegov “In a Forest Glade”, M. Prishvin “Golden Meadow” and others.
• While relaxing on a river, lake, or sea, also develop children's powers of observation and the ability to compare. How are these bodies of water similar and different? Explain what a current, shores, waves, surf are. Watch fish and seagulls with your baby.
• In the summer, create conditions for children to play with natural materials (cones, pebbles, leaves, twigs, sand, clay, etc.). Children learn to use substitute objects (for example, a stick instead of a spoon for a doll, pebbles instead of candy for her). This develops imagination and creativity.
• Teach your child to distinguish and correctly name the sizes of objects and objects, and not just “big - small”. For example, the trunk is thick and thin, the tree is tall and short, the branch is long and short, the river is wide and the stream is narrow, etc.
• A variety of summer colors will help teach children the names of colors, including shades. Play with them like this: “Different colors of summer”, “Colored backgrounds”, “Collect the same colors”.
• Learn to navigate in space. This will be helped by the didactic game “Hide the toy” (under a chair, on a shelf, behind your back, etc.), “Do as I say” (two steps forward, one step to the right, raise your left hand up, close your left eye with your right hand etc.). You will learn how to navigate the plane of a leaf with tasks like: “Put a maple leaf in the center, a spruce cone in the upper right corner, a pine cone in the upper left corner, a daisy in the lower right corner, a cornflower in the lower left corner.”
• Practice counting to 10 and back, again using natural materials (cones, pebbles, petals, leaves, etc.).
• Teach children to compare. For example, a tree and a log, a bird and an airplane, a daisy and a bell, an apple and a pear, a girl and a doll. What is their difference and are there any similarities? Why? Teach your child to prove his opinion.
• When working in the garden and orchard, give children a clear example of the process of growing plants from seeds, tell them about the dependence of their growth on natural conditions (light, moisture, heat). Teach to observe the growth and ripening of vegetables, fruits and berries and involve them in all possible help.
• Teach children to talk daily about the weather, what they saw, what they did. And if your child makes mistakes in constructing sentences, correct him. This contributes to the development of the child’s grammatical structure and coherent speech.
• Develop your child's speech breathing by offering to blow into a straw or on dandelions, blowing up balloons or soap bubbles.
• All this will form in children a holistic understanding of summer as a time of year, broaden their horizons, develop intelligence and curiosity, and introduce them to the amazing world of nature. And, what is especially important, joint leisure, common activities and games bring children and parents closer together, improve the home microclimate and help strengthen the family.

• Plan a summer vacation with your children. At the same time, remember that walks, games, physical education and sports activities in the fresh air should be done daily.
• For starters, the kids could use a good night's sleep! It is known that most children do not get enough sleep by 1-1.5 and even sometimes 2 hours on school days. But childhood neuroses most often develop as a result of systematic lack of sleep.
• Protect your child from the computer as much as possible or at least reduce its use to hygienically recommended standards (7 minutes - children under 5 years old; 10 minutes - children 6 years old; 15 minutes - primary school students).
• Make the most of effective and affordable hardening agents - sun, air and water - to improve your health.
• The sun is warmth, good mood, health. However, excessive exposure to sunlight has a negative effect: sunburn, disorders of the cardiovascular system, breathing, lethargy, irritability, dizziness as a result of heat and sunstroke. Children should not deliberately sunbathe in the open sun. It’s much safer and more comfortable - among greenery, under an awning, if possible, away from roads and industrial enterprises.
• To avoid overheating, you need to cover your head with a hat, cap, or Panama hat.
• The air temperature in the shade should be 20-22o C. You should not take sunbathing on an empty stomach or earlier than 1-1.5 hours after eating. The best time is from 9 to 11 o'clock and from 16 to 18 o'clock.
• It is advisable that children do not lie in the open sun, but play, run, sometimes in the sun, sometimes in the shade. Sunbathing is contraindicated for children with elevated body temperature, malaise, or headache.
• It is important to know that taking certain medications before going to the beach can cause sunburn. These include sulfonamide drugs. Taking these and some other medications increases the skin's sensitivity to the sun several times.
• On walks you need to take with you mineral, bottled or boiled chilled (but not ice) water, which you should drink in small quantities in small sips, as well as juices or fruits.
• Hiking in the forest to pick berries or going on picnics can bring not only pleasure, but also trouble if you are not prepared for it.
• Natural repellents - essential oils of wormwood and cloves - will help scare off annoying insects. Apply a few drops to clothing
• A hat is required in the forest - this is the first rule of advice for summer holidays. It will protect against sun and heat stroke, protect against injuries and ticks. For long walks, it is better to choose clothes made of thick fabrics that protect the skin from the scorching rays of the sun and possible burning. When going into the forest, wear high boots and loose trousers made of thick fabric. It is useful to hold a large stick in your hand when walking through the forest.
• On hot days, children should wear clothes only made from natural fabrics. Cotton and linen items are suitable for good protection; it is better to give preference to colored fabrics (red, green, yellow, orange, blue) rather than plain light ones. Clothes in light colors (especially white) transmit the sun's rays to a greater extent. Clothes made from chemical fibers “do not breathe” (the child sweats in them) and also transmits from 13 to 25% of radiation.
• When swimming in a river or lake, a child is affected by several environmental factors - air and water temperature, wind, sun. In addition, when bathing, the child actively moves, almost all muscle groups are involved, while the load on the spine and joints is sharply reduced. This type of hardening requires careful supervision by adults.
• You can swim in an open reservoir from the age of 3-4, but only after completing a course of preparatory procedures (rubbing, dousing, showering). The air temperature should be 24-25 °C, and the water temperature should not be lower than 20 °C. The duration of bathing at first is 1-2 minutes, as you get used to it and depending on the child’s reaction - 5-10 minutes. When the first signs of hypothermia appear (“goose bumps”, chills), you should go ashore.
• It is necessary to choose the right inflatables for small children who cannot swim: it is best to use inflatable vests; in no case should you use a mattress.
• Sea bathing has an exceptionally strong effect on a child’s body (the water has a complex chemical composition). Sea air is very beneficial. Swimming in the sea is allowed for children from two years of age. These procedures can be started at a water temperature of at least 20 ° C. During the first baths, the child essentially only takes a dip, being in the water for 20-30 seconds. Gradually, the duration of stay in the water increases for preschoolers to 3-5 minutes, for schoolchildren - to 8-10 minutes. It is necessary to closely monitor the child’s health and his reaction to bathing.
• Many children love to play in the sand near the water. From time to time they run into the water themselves. This option is an excellent hardening procedure.
• If you are relaxing in a village or country house, let your child run barefoot in the dew in the morning. Short-term exposure to cold water on the feet leads to the fact that the vessels of the feet and at the same time the vessels of the nasopharyngeal region narrow and then sharply expand. As a result, blood circulation in the nasopharynx area increases, creating a reliable barrier to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. In addition, walking on dew is considered to prevent flat feet.
• During the holidays, it is necessary to take care of the safety of the child. Before you let him ride a bicycle or roller skates, make sure that the equipment is in good working order and that he knows how to use it well. Try to do everything in your power to protect your child from injury.
• Following these fairly simple recommendations will ensure a safe summer holiday and preserve and strengthen the health of children.