A revolutionary event for the Russian Navy: for the first time in more than three hundred years of its existence, women were granted equal rights with men. The testing ground for the experiment was the Baltic and the Far East.

A revolutionary event for the Russian Navy: for the first time in more than three hundred years of its existence, women were granted equal rights with men. The testing ground for the experiment was the Baltic and the Far East. In the Far East, 18 female cadets were admitted to the Pacific Naval Institute named after Admiral Makarov. In the Baltic, 27 girls joined the ranks of the Nakhimov Naval School.

As they lined up on the parade ground in honor of the first bell, they all looked determined, and some of them looked very stern (in the new ladies'-style naval uniform, from which even hints of coquetry were emasculated). A dark skirt below the knee, black low-heeled shoes, a white beret with her hair carefully tucked under it. No braids, bows or miniskirts, which, for example, police school cadets like to flaunt.

They address the “new recruits” as equals, like men: “Nakhimovets so and so.” However, they were not allowed to ring the bell - the ship's bell, announcing the beginning of the new school year. This honor traditionally went to the youngest of the new entrants - 11-year-old boy Gleb.

There were, of course, crowds of happy relatives around the girls. We talked with one of the mothers, history teacher Irina Ilyushina.

“Our girl was born on the shores of the Bering Strait, in Chukotka,” Irina Vasilievna proudly said. — It was below minus forty then! Where have my husband and I served? In Kamchatka, in the Primorsky Territory, on Dikson in the Arctic, in Kazakhstan. Finished service in the Leningrad Military District. We were in the Pacific Fleet and in various branches of the military.

Now Irina Ilyushina teaches at a school in the village of Vaganovo, near Vsevolozhsk. There she also runs the school museum of the military glory of the Red Banner Ladoga Flotilla and the North-Western River Shipping Company.

“And our Victoria,” Irina Ilyushina continued enthusiastically, “was an activist of the museum for seven years.” Our girl is very energetic. She was also the vice-speaker of the high school students' parliament. At regional competitions, her research articles on the history of the fleet took first and second places. Her entire school biography is connected with sailors - veterans of the Ladoga flotilla. She was also involved in cleaning fraternal military graves on Ladoga. Her destiny is the fleet and the sea!

“All the girls here are from military families,” explained Elena Chernyak, a representative of the parent committee and the mother of Nakhimov student Yulia Chernyak. - They are from a variety of cities and fleets. My husband, for example, served in the Northern Fleet. Our girl is involved in orienteering and graduated from four classes of music school in piano. In our family everything is nautical. And the eldest son graduated from Nakhimov, and now the naval university.

Mothers shared that they are not at all afraid of sending their daughters to barracks:

— Living conditions are very good. In the cockpit there are new beds, beautiful chests of drawers, wardrobes, mirrors. They have six meals a day. They will live in isolation from the boys, and study together. They will pass a high school course, master the basics of naval training, with which they will then go to at least a naval university, even a civilian one.

The head of the school, captain of the first rank, Nikolai Andreev, was also in high spirits:

We have received more than 150 people. Everyone is wonderful! And we immediately praise the girls even for the fact that they made such an interesting choice for themselves. And they created decent living conditions for them, many do not have such at home.

— Nikolai Nikolaevich, how did the story with the boys end?

Recall that in Nakhimov the holiday, alas, is overshadowed by the fact that about ten Nakhimov boys were left "overboard". By a sudden decision of the Minister of Defense, all those who entered the 6th grade were enrolled in ... the Suvorov School. Land.

“I am not authorized to comment,” said Nikolai Nikolayevich.

Exactly the same thing he said two weeks ago, when the rather callous order of the Minister of Defense came out. Those boys were also active and dreamed of the sea. But ministers do not know how to backtrack.

That heroic time gave birth to heroes, or rather real heroines... They were different, but they were all united by the fleet. From ship captains to marines to divers, women had a place everywhere. They proved their right to be there and that a woman in the navy can do anything!

And also, looking at these photos, I remembered the words of the classic: “Yes, there were people in our time...” There were!!!

"Valentina Yakovlevna Orlikova (11/19/1915 - 01/31/1986) - the first female captain of a large sea fishing trawler (BMRT), the only female captain of a whaling ship ("Storm"), a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, the first woman in the country's fishing industry, awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
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In 1941 she graduated from the navigating department of the Leningrad Institute of Water Transport Engineers. When the Patriotic War began, she worked as a navigator on naval vessels. She took part in the evacuation of the wounded from Tallinn in August 1941. From August 1942 to October 1944 - 4th navigator, and then third mate on the ship "Dvina". Dvina transported Soviet raw materials to the United States in exchange for American products supplied under Lend-Lease.
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During her first interview, she was asked the following question:

How do you, a small woman, manage to command men?

She explained very clearly what her responsibilities were. She gave an example of how she had to maneuver during the first attack of a fascist submarine in her life, how she looked at the approaching torpedo, and how she steered the ship away from it.

“I didn’t feel any fear,” Valentina said, “there was enormous tension.” I closed my eyes. I counted to fifteen. It blew by. And her subordinates listen because they understand: the fate of the ship and all the people on it depends on how accurately they carry out the orders.

At the end of the hour and a half interview, during which Valentina brilliantly answered all the questions, one of the correspondents said in a deep voice:

Now I understand why the sailors obey all your commands.

Orlikova's husband was a second mate on another ship. Fate brought them together very rarely. During the war, her ship came to the United States three times, and each time correspondents sought to talk with the brave woman."

“The boatswain explained to me that this was our captain Valentina Yakovlevna Orlikova. There were already rumors about a female captain who had recently appeared in the trawl fleet. In my mind, she should have been, as Ilf and Petrov said, a “broad-shouldered citizen”, tall , a manly woman, giving commands in a loud voice, interspersed with choice obscenities.

Valentina Yakovlevna was below average height, a fragile, graceful, pretty woman with small, very regular facial features, large expressive eyes, and short hair. Intelligent, smart, ironic. In her relationships with the crew, she was attentive, simple, friendly, calm, never raised her voice or used strong expressions, but, when necessary, showed extraordinary strength of character in her actions and independent decisions.

Her petite appearance was more suitable for the hostess of an aristocratic salon of a bygone era or, finally, for an art critic in the decorous silence of museum halls, but not at all for steering an ocean trawler in the stormy Atlantic with a crew of ninety people.

During the harsh years of the war, V.Ya. Orlikova went in convoys on transports, after the war she commanded whalers in the Far East, then worked in Moscow, at the Ministry of Fisheries, and when she arrived from the new BMRT building in Murmansk, she returned to the captain’s bridge. She mastered the field work relatively quickly, voyage assignments were exceeded on a regular basis, hence the stability of earnings and the constancy of the crew.

They worked off the coast of Canada, in the Newfoundland area. A very unfavorable area, storms give way to fogs, and the work is complicated by ice carried away from the coast of Greenland. There is a large crowding of ships, hence the danger of collision, forcing the captain not to leave the bridge for days. Early in the morning a small Icelandic trawler "Iceberg" approached us. They asked for help from its side.

"What help do you need?" - Orlikova asked in English. “I need Mr. Captain,” came the answer. “I’m listening to you,” answered Valentina Yakovlevna. The captain of the "Iceberg" and his entire crew looked with amazement at the little woman in a black fur coat and hat - the captain of a huge ocean trawler..."

German Anufriev. "Sea captain V. Ya. Orlikova"

In Murmansk

The crew of the minesweeper TSCH-611

"Seven Brave", as the crew of the TShch-611 was nicknamed by the Stalingraders. In the history of the navy, there is only one known case when the entire crew of a warship - from sailor to commander - consisted of women. In 1942, minesweeper No. 611 successfully operated on the Volga, near Stalingrad. A large-caliber machine gun and depth charge droppers were installed on its deck, and the Naval flag was raised on the mast. Antonina Kupriyanova was appointed commander of the ship, squad commander Dusya Parkhacheva, helmsman Tamara Dekalina, sailor Vera Frolova, miner Anna Tarasova, machine gunner Vera Chapava and engine mechanic Agnia Shabalina. "Seven Brave" - ​​this is how the girl crew of the minesweeper TShch-611 was soon called. This minesweeper is now permanently parked in the city of Kamyshin.

O. Tonina.

Yu.A. remembers Panteleev Commander of the Volga Flotilla in 1943:

“Soon after the death of the minesweeper, Komsomol foreman 2nd article Kupriyanova came to me and began to persistently ask me to allocate the minesweeper to her and allow her to staff its crew only with girls.

- Aren’t you afraid?

The girl was even offended.

I said that I would think about it, but, to be honest, I hesitated for a long time. Experts began to persuade me, they say, Kupriyanova has selected a good crew and the girls will cope with their task. Reluctantly, I agreed, singled out the old boat. The girls repaired it on their own, installed trawls and reported their readiness to carry out military service. Before the first departure, I myself meticulously examined the ship and checked the knowledge of the crew. The impression was the best, and I gave the go-ahead to the exit. Soon we received a report: the crew of Kupriyanova blew up a mine. Then the second, third... By the end of the campaign, the entire crew was awarded government awards and received large cash bonuses.”

The navy needs girls too!

Sniper of the 255th Marine Brigade Elizaveta Mironova. Novorossiysk. 1943

“Evdokia Nikolaevna Zavaliy is the only woman in World War II who commanded a platoon of marines. Here is just a small fragment from her memoirs:

Black pea coats always brought mortal horror to them [the Germans]. Suddenness, audacity and fearlessness. My guys were desperate. But when the Krauts found out that there was a woman among them, at first they couldn’t believe it, and then they started hunting for me. As for respect, I don’t know, but I’ll tell you one more case. This was the most daring and most difficult operation that my special platoon was assigned to.

In February 1945 there were fierce battles for Budapest. For four days, the Marines fought their way to the fortress where Hitler’s nest was located - the headquarters of the fascist executioner Horthy. All approaches to the castle were mined, and many firing points were equipped. The command of the 83rd brigade set the task: to penetrate the fortress at any cost. Examining all the nooks and crannies, the sailors paid attention to the sewer hatch, went down into it and discovered an underground passage. The scouts reported that it was possible to go through the dungeon, but it was difficult to breathe there - there was a heavy stench that made you dizzy. Company commander Kuzmichev remembered that among the trophies we captured there were pillows with oxygen. We calculated that we had to go to the fourth well, and decided to take a risk. My platoon walked ahead of the company - one pillow for two, you take a saving breath and give it to your neighbor. The collector turned out to be narrower than expected, they walked bent over, their legs got stuck in the fetid mud. At the second well they heard a roar and clanging. They carefully pulled back the lid and immediately closed it - at the top the entire street was filled with tanks and armored vehicles. Lord, I thought, what awaits us at the fourth well? After all, this stinking dungeon can become our mass grave, just throw a couple of grenades! At the fourth well the platoon stopped. My heart is pounding, but it was quiet up there. So, we calculated correctly.

Having left the well, the fighters scattered in a thin chain along the gray wall of the castle, and in a burst they killed the sentry. The sudden appearance of the “black commissars” threw the enemy into confusion; these seconds were enough for us to burst into the building while the machine gun started firing. The company and other units arrived in time - they took floor by floor and soon completely cleared the castle and surrounding areas of the Nazis. A German general was among the prisoners. He looked at us like we were ghosts, unable to understand how miraculously we ended up behind the lines of his troops.

When they told him that they had passed underground, he did not believe it until he saw the scouts who had not had time to wash themselves off from dirt and sewage. When I heard that the platoon commander was a girl, I again didn’t believe it and was offended: “You couldn’t think of a worse mockery?!”

They called me. I came to the headquarters, dirty as hell, it stinks from me a kilometer away. Major Kruglov, holding his nose with a handkerchief, turns to me: “Report how you captured the German general!” And suddenly the German hands me a Walter system pistol - apparently the guys searched him badly. “Frau Russisch Black Commissar! Gut! Gut! I rolled my eyes at the political department, they nodded - take it. Then the guys made a personal inscription on this pistol for me..."

Evdokia Zavaliy

Platoon commander Evdokia Zavaliy. 83rd Marine Brigade. Bulgaria. 1944

Evdokia Zavaliy. During the war years she was wounded four times and shell-shocked twice.

Platoon commander Evdokia Zavaliy, sailor Pryomrukov (left), foreman 2nd class Sedykh

With the Order of the Red Banner of Battle

Ekaterina Demina. Hero of the Soviet Union.

"The medical instructor of the 369th separate battalion of the marine corps of the Danube military flotilla, chief petty officer Mikhailova E.I. On August 22, 1944, when crossing the Dniester estuary as part of the landing force, she was one of the first to reach the shore, provided first aid to seventeen seriously wounded sailors, suppressed the fire of a large-caliber machine gun, and threw grenades bunker and destroyed over 10 Nazis"

Ekaterina Demina

She went to the front at the age of 15...

Gantimurova Albina Alexandrovna. Chief Sergeant, commander of the Marine Corps reconnaissance department

Two sailors

On the way to Port Arthur. August 1945

Baltic Fleet

Sanitary instructor of the Marine Corps Kozlova. Carried out 70 wounded soldiers from the battlefield. October 1942

Little sister

Northern Fleet nurses

On hospital ships (person)

On hospital ships (turnover)

Unknown. Possibly a pre-war photo

Photographer Viviane Coilards was born and raised in the Netherlands. In 1995, she received a master's degree in communications from the University of Nijmegen, and in 2009 she successfully graduated from the Photo Academy in Amsterdam. Vivian says that all her work is dedicated to people. She likes to meet people, preferably in places that are new to her: she is fascinated by their self-awareness, their external image, their views on life or death.

The photo project, entitled “Behind Her Uniform,” is dedicated to the girls who serve in the Dutch Navy.

“People in uniform always stand out from the crowd and make an impression, but we tend to forget about the humanity that lies behind the uniform.

The first time I encountered such a feeling was when my young neighbor grew into a completely independent woman and joined the ranks of the Navy. Now she holds the rank of officer, and if I see her in uniform, I cannot believe that she is the same person as the cheerful girl I have known since childhood. It sounds stupid, I agree, because she is still a very bright and lively girl. It's just that the shape has such an effect on my perception.

This idea intrigued me, and I decided to take some portraits of girls serving in the Dutch Navy in two different situations: first in uniform near their barracks, and then in civilian clothes at their home,” said Vivian.

In several buildings on Razvodnaya Street there was once a military school named after Emperor Alexander II, and later the Naval Institute of Radio Electronics named after A.S. Popova. Now here is one of the divisions of the Naval Polytechnic Institute (VMPI).

Recently, not only boys, but also girls study and serve here. Two years ago they began to be admitted to the Faculty of Automated Naval Control Systems. The girls will become communications specialists. They will serve on shore - in control centers and headquarters.

KP correspondents found out who the command will trust to manage the fleet.

KAMCHATKA, CRAB...

There are strict rules in the military camp. Twenty-year-old girls are prohibited from chatting on social networks and wearing civilian clothes. Not only to wear it, but even to store it on the territory of the institute!

A separate topic is hairstyles. Only braids are allowed. Well, or a short haircut (the majority chose the first option).

- It's worth it! Study lasts only a few years, but service is forever, says cadet Elena Sergeevskaya. – I always dreamed of connecting my life with the sea. Its open spaces, waves... Romance! But I want to serve somewhere in the North.

– And I’m in Kamchatka! – another cadet specifies. - There's caviar, crabs...

Begench Diniev, deputy head of the VMPI for work with personnel, enters the classroom. The girls stand at attention.

– Do you reveal secrets to journalists? – he asks jokingly.

- Comrade captain! - the female cadets are offended. – We have no secrets.

– Who knows you! “Women always have secrets,” the commander says amid laughter. – Kamchatka, crabs... Our country, girls, is big. Wherever they send you, that’s where you’ll go!

For girls, school comes first Photo: Oleg KUZENKOV

"LET'S GIVE THE GUYS A HARD WORK"

Cadet Alina Karpacheva from St. Petersburg dreamed of army life since childhood. She was inspired by the example of her stepfather - he served as a sapper.

– He has always been a role model for me! Honest, courageous, decent... His service was not easy, but at home he did not talk about its hardships. “I overcame all difficulties and never complained,” admits Alina. “There aren’t many girls studying here.” So we're worth our weight in gold ( laughs). Everyone treats us with honor and respect. No one will hurt us.

- Yes, we can protect ourselves. Here’s Katka, a master’s candidate in judo,” says Elena Sergeevskaya and points to the fragile girl sitting in the corner. – And Lenka is engaged in hand-to-hand combat... We will give many guys a head start, it’s dangerous to mess with us ( laughs). Recently we took a course for young fighters - sailed on yawls. We beat the boys in almost all respects!

The girls get up early - at 06.30. Then – exercise, breakfast, study. The ceremonial raising of the national flag. In a word – iron discipline. At nine in the evening, the cadets gather in the hall to watch the news.

“We like this routine,” says Elena Kazakova, who came from Novokubansk. “My classmates tried to dissuade me from serving.” They asked if I was in my right mind?! They said the army would ruin me. But you see that nothing like that happened!

EVERYTHING YOU DREAM

It takes several years for girls to be recruited to the Naval Polytechnic Institute. On each course, there are only two of them so far, nine people each. Here you can get both higher and secondary education.

One of the cadets entered VMPI with honors diploma in hand. Anna Ilyina is a clinical psychologist. Now she is studying the specialty “Operation and repair of electronic computers.”

– I tried my hand at civilian life... Immediately after graduating from the university, I began working as an ordinary psychologist. But somehow it didn’t work out. Apparently, military service was destined for me. My mom and dad are in the military. Father is a retired officer. Mom still serves in the Federal Penitentiary Service,” says Anna.

Military service is now the most stable area, she believes.

“In it you will always feel support from the state,” says the young girl. “Sometimes it’s not easy, but that’s the kind of person I am.” I love organization.

Now it’s time for the cadets to tidy up. Eighteen girls live in four rooms. There are paintings with a marine theme hanging on the wall. Raging sea. Moonlight night. "Aurora" drowning in the orange sunset...

“We often dream about all this,” the cadets share, carefully making their beds.

The order in living rooms should be perfect Photo: Oleg KUZENKOV

SUBMARINE OWNERS

We leave the building and head to the educational and practical building. Cadets march along the parade ground and sing songs. A group of young men in tracksuits rush past beautiful girls. Future sailors run past with calm faces. Only one turns around.

– Aren’t you offended? – we ask an immodest question. - At least they looked in your direction. For decency.

- What are you speaking about! – the girls are embarrassed. - Not before that. The guys and I don't pay attention to each other. At least we try.

We go into the building. There are several simulators in front of us. One of them resembles a submarine compartment. Training to combat the survivability of the submarine takes place here.

– A group of up to ten people participates in the lesson. We adjust the valves and simulate various damages. Water can come from one or another hole. Or all at once! The cadets must repair them promptly,” explains Sergei Lukin, head of the VMPI ship survivability department.

The requirements for girls are the same as for boys. No favors!

– The conditions are the same for everyone. But the approaches are different,” notes Sergei Ivanov. - Female cadets are more careful. They try to patch all the cracks so that a drop does not fall. They are suitable for economic purposes. Real women!

Girls practicing water rescue operations Photo: Oleg KUZENKOV

READY FOR EVERYTHING

Finally it comes to practice. We are standing in front of a small pool several meters deep. An inflatable raft, similar to a tent, sways on it. The girls, already dressed in wetsuits, are going to once again perform a rescue operation on the water. In five years, they must practice every action until it becomes automatic.

– Do you feel comfortable? – asks Sergei Lukin.

- Yes! Divers answer.

– Let’s start the exercise!

Two cadets need to load the third one onto the raft. The girls complete the task in a matter of minutes.

“Comrade captain 1st rank, everyone is on board,” the girls report. - There are no injuries!

In real life they will not encounter such extreme conditions. But you have to be ready for anything.

- We will! girls promise. – Without us, the army is not an army at all!

It's hard to learn, but it's easy to fight! Photo: Oleg KUZENKOV

DIRECT SPEECH

“Our girls are the best of the best! They were able to enter the institute with a competition... forty people per place. This alone speaks volumes. At the same time, they are not only excellent students - each has a 5.0 GPA - but also athletes. All of them are masters and candidates for master of sports. Most of them really want to serve in the North. There are additional payments for harsh climatic conditions. The fact is that almost all of our girls are from Siberia. The weather is nonsense for them, it doesn’t scare them (laughs). In general, benefits are also a very important point. Girls in their first year are considered to be of military age. And from the second they serve under a contract. They are entitled to the same privileges as male military personnel. For example, they will be able to join the military mortgage program. And their scholarships are now good - up to 18 thousand. So there are prospects."

(Elena MAKSIMOVA, head of courses 421 and 422, Faculty of Automated Naval Control Systems, Naval Polytechnic Institute)

ON A NOTE

The Naval Institute has an auditorium with a replica of the "Polite People" monument.

The educational process at VMPI is approached with feeling, sense, and alignment. The institute has three military camps. One is based in Petrodvorets, the second in Pushkin, and the third on the territory of the Main Admiralty in St. Petersburg. Each has named audiences. For example, one of them bears the name of the father of the Soviet nuclear submarine fleet Igor Spassky, the other - the legendary shipbuilder Alexei Krylov.

– Named classrooms educate cadets just by their appearance! They instill in them a love of history and tell them about our compatriots who made a huge contribution to the development and construction of the fleet,” says Begench Diniev, deputy head of VMPI for work with personnel. – For example, in the division of our institute in Pushkin there is a “Sevastopol” auditorium. The plenipotentiary representative of the President of Russia took part in its creation

A serviceman must be a comprehensively developed personality Photo: Oleg KUZENKOV

AND AT THIS TIME

“We are not cut off from the world!”

- And our love has a ba-ta-ray-ka! - the girls sing with a guitar.

Studying is studying, but the cadets also find time for creativity. The management of the institute is confident: a real military man must be a comprehensively developed personality. Therefore, songs with a guitar and going to the theater are not at all uncommon. The girls publish a wall newspaper and even practice dancing. The teacher comes to their dormitory several times a week.

– Don’t think that everything here is deaf! We are not cut off from the world,” the girls laugh.

It has its own rather long history. Over the decades it has undergone many changes. In this article we will look at a brief history of the form, its various variations and principles of wearing.

History of naval dress

The history of the Navy uniform dates back to the time of Peter the Great. By order of the powerful emperor-manager, in 1696 the Boyar Duma decided to create the first navy in the Russian state. October 30 is traditionally considered the founding day of the Russian Fleet.

With its creation, Peter I introduced a uniform for sailors and lower ranks, created from items of naval clothing of Dutch naval employees, namely a gray or green jacket made of coarse wool, short green pants, stockings and a wide-brimmed hat. The footwear for naval employees was leather shoes. This set was also replaced by a casual work suit. It included a loose shirt, canvas trousers, a cocked hat and a camisole. The sailors wore it during Ushakov’s Mediterranean campaign.

The work uniform, which included a set of gray canvas trousers and a shirt, was worn during any ship work; a uniform white shirt with an azure collar was put on top of it. This suit was approved as a uniform for privates in the summer of 1874.

About Navy uniform fabrics

Until the 80s of the 20th century, military everyday work uniforms for military personnel of the Russian Navy were made from lightweight canvas, which was easy to clean from the most difficult stains. The Black Sea Fleet was dressed in white work clothes, the rest - most often in blue. A little later, the color of the uniform changed to blue/dark blue, and the material became predominantly cotton fabric. The new uniform is sewn in a variety of workshops, using all sorts of materials that are not always of good quality. The new (currently approved) uniform can be of any color ranging from shades of black and blue.

What is the most common new naval suit for 2019? A naval suit, or in the jargon of Navy personnel, a work dress (also a sailor's robe) is a form of working clothing for sailors, cadets of naval schools, as well as petty officers of the Russian Navy. A sailor's suit consists of the following items of clothing:

• Shirt.
• Trousers.
• Sailor collar.
• Shoes.
• Headdress.

Sailor's Shirt

The shirt, worn, as a rule, with a special button-down collar, is cut like a classic sailor's shirt. Its back and one-piece front are without seams, with a wide turn-down collar. There is a patch pocket on the front and an internal pocket on the reverse side. There is a slit that fastens with a button. The shirt sleeves are straight, set-in; simple shoulder straps corresponding to the rank. A mandatory element of sailor clothing is a white tag with an indelible combat number. Such a shirt is worn untucked, and during service on watch it must be tucked into the pants. In cold weather, an overcoat, peacoat or coat is worn over the set.

Sailor's trousers

Sailor's work trousers are made of dark blue cotton fabric. They have side pockets, fasteners located on the codpiece, as well as a belt with special loops (belt loops) for the belt. The belt is made mainly from pigskin, and on its plaque is the emblem of the Russian Navy. The buckle of the model that existed in the USSR depicted an anchor with a star.

Sailor's collar

The collar is also made of cotton material, worn over the shirt, has a lining and three white stripes, symbolizing the victories of the Navy in such battles as Chesme, Gangut and Sinop. Dress naval clothing also includes a sailor collar.

Sailor's headdress

There are several hats in Navy uniforms. One of them is a trump cap, to which is attached a ribbon with the name of the ship or with the inscription “Navy”. The tape is put on the band. It, like the bottom and walls, is made of wool. On the crown of the headdress there is a cockade representing a golden anchor. In the USSR, the cockade had the shape of a so-called “crab” - a red star framed by golden-colored leaves. The summer cap is made of white fabric (comes with a replaceable cover). The winter headdress is a black fur hat with earflaps.

In 2014, plans were made to introduce a wool hat to replace the earflap hat for outdoor work. Also in 2014, other developments of a new form were carried out, but some innovations did not take root.

In addition, the casual uniform set includes a beret.

The set of hats also includes a cap. On the front side of the cap there is a golden cockade in the shape of an anchor. In Soviet-era Navy uniforms, caps were intended for submarine crews. It was black in color and differed in type - for privates and for officers. Relatively recently, the cap was adopted as part of the uniform worn by the entire Navy. Its semicircular style was replaced with a rectangular one. The cap also received white piping, which was previously intended only for midshipmen and officers’ headdresses, as well as a cockade instead of a star.

Shoes

The above-described suit is accompanied by boots made of yuft leather, with thick soles, called “burnouts” or “bastards” in naval jargon. Not so long ago, boots were made with laces, but now, in 2019, they also have rubber inserts (they were introduced in 2014). In areas where the climate is harsh, military personnel wear cowhide boots. The tropical uniform includes wearing sandals.

Also included in the complete set of everyday uniforms is a striped vest, gloves and a hat with earflaps.

Casual uniform for officers and midshipmen

The military casual uniform, intended for officers and midshipmen, includes: a black or white woolen cap, a jacket made of the same material, a black coat, a cream shirt, a black tie with a gold bartack, a muffler, black trousers, a waist belt, gloves and ankle boots, low shoes or boots as footwear. It is also allowed to include a black cap, a woolen sweater of the same color, a demi-season jacket or raincoat and a jacket made of blue wool in the everyday set.

Casual women's Navy uniform

It is a set of a cap made of black wool, a black woolen skirt, a cream-colored blouse, a traditional tie with gold fastening and a waist belt, black shoes (or boots) and nude tights. Also included is a jacket.

A winter casual uniform involves wearing an astrakhan black beret, a wool coat, a skirt, a blouse, a belt, a tie and tights from the summer set described above, a black muffler and gloves. Shoes are boots or shoes. The jacket is also present in the winter form. It is allowed to wear a sweater, a demi-season raincoat, a cap and a hat with earflaps.

It is worth noting that some of the elements that exist in the kit now were introduced in 2014.

Now, having examined everyday naval attire, let's move on to other different types of naval uniform. There are several types of them, including such as:

• Front door.
• Office.
• Dembelskaya.

Also, since the times of the USSR, there has been a division into winter and summer forms.

Video: review of the new type of office uniform for Navy officers

Dress uniform for officers and midshipmen of the Navy

There are several types of dress uniforms for different weather/climate conditions. The headdress in the ceremonial set is a white/black cap (summer or winter/woolen) or a hat with earflaps made of black fur (colonels, senior officers and captains of the first rank wear an astrakhan hat with a visor).

A mandatory element of any type of officer's and midshipman's dress uniform is a black tie with a gold tack. Also included is a wool jacket: black (dress) or white (summer). Black wool trousers, a white shirt and a golden belt are the basis of any dress uniform.

Shoes – black or white shoes/boots or low shoes/shoes. A white muffler or detachable collar may also be present (depending on weather conditions). As outerwear - a black coat made of woolen fabric. Sewn-on shoulder straps are worn on it, as well as on jackets. The shirts are removable. The winter dress uniform includes warm black gloves. It is also allowed to wear a demi-season raincoat or jacket, white gloves.

Dress uniform for foremen and sailors of the Navy

Mandatory items of clothing are a striped vest (the contract soldier's uniform requires wearing a cream shirt with a tie), black wool trousers and a black waist belt. The headdress can be a white (summer) peakless cap or a black woolen or fur hat with earflaps (winter version). A white or black cap is also intended for a contract soldier. There is also a white uniform (for a contract soldier - a jacket made of black wool), or a blue flannel jacket. The uniform includes a black woolen coat (on which shoulder straps are also worn, as well as jackets, peacoats, flannel jackets and uniforms), a muffler and gloves. It is also allowed to wear a pea coat. Footwear - boots / low shoes, half boots.

Women's dress uniform of the Navy

This set is almost completely identical in composition to the everyday one, except that the jacket is ceremonial, the belt is also ceremonial, golden, and in the winter version it comes with a white muffler.

• A blue or black cap or casual cap of the same colors.
• A suit consisting of trousers and a jacket with long (short) sleeves.
• Vests or white/blue T-shirts.
• The Navy office uniform also includes a white cap.

Video: Navy Day and dress uniform

Navy demobilization uniform

The demobilization naval uniform is a very special “informal” uniform for an employee. This is not just a set of clothes - but a manifestation of the soldier’s imagination and pride. This set is prepared according to the personal preferences of the employee. The tradition of making uniforms specifically for transfer to the reserve came to us from the USSR.

The demobilization form can also be divided into several types:

• Strict.
• Decorated.

The decorated demobilization uniform can, in turn, be unofficially divided into:

• Moderately decorated.
• Medium decorated.
• Richly decorated.

Accordingly, it makes sense to consider in more detail the strict (statutory) demobilization uniform, due to the freedom of compiling a set of decorated uniforms. It most often consists of a sewn jacket, with sewn emblems of the tribal troops, gold buttons, awards and badges, aiguillettes and traditional shoes, a belt and a cap (beret).

Video about the Navy uniform

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