Laparoscopy is an operation whose purpose is to diagnose a disease or surgically treat it. The main distinguishing feature of the laparoscopic method is minimal damage to external tissues. Manipulations on organs are performed through small incisions, and control is carried out using a laparoscope equipped with a tiny video camera.

The operating surgeon evaluates in detail the image of the internal organs displayed on the monitor. Despite the minimally invasive method, it belongs to surgical interventions. Therefore, preliminary preparation, diet and rules of nutrition after laparoscopy must be strictly observed. Features of the postoperative diet depend on the area of ​​the body where laparoscopy was performed.

About intervention

A progressive surgical technique is used for examination and operations on the abdominal organs, female internal genital organs (in gynecology), and in the field of thoracic surgery (diagnosis and operations on the chest organs). The most widely used types of laparoscopic interventions are:

• excision of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy);
• removal of appendicitis (appendectomy);
• resection of the stomach or its (gastrectomy);
• on the ureter and bladder;
• fragmentary excision of the pancreas, duodenum (Whipple operation or pancreaticoduodenectomy)
• resection of a fragment of the small and large intestine;
• laparoscopy of the lung.

In gynecology, similar operations are performed to remove ovarian cysts, in case of pathology of the fallopian tubes and uterus. All types of operations are performed after a thorough examination, including: laboratory blood tests (clinical and biochemical), hardware diagnostics (ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computed tomography, x-ray examination).

The patient must follow a diet and, in some cases, take certain medications, which the doctor will tell you about.

Certain rules are provided for in the period after surgery, most of them relate to diet and physical activity. Compliance with the conditions helps to quickly restore body functions after surgery.

The need for a dietary diet in the postoperative period

First of all, proper nutrition requires an optimal balance of nutrients (fats, carbohydrates, proteins). This, in turn, ensures the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient does not experience dyspepsia (difficult and painful digestion) or flatulence. There are no problems with bowel movements (diarrhea, constipation).

The postoperative diet consists of so-called healthy foods. The use of which helps strengthen the immune forces of a weakened body. The sutures, even small ones, are tightened faster, and the risk of adverse postoperative complications is extremely limited. In addition, such products accelerate the elimination of toxic substances accumulated under the influence of anesthesia, facilitating the functioning of the liver.

The diet promotes the regeneration of the body's hormonal and reproductive systems. Especially in cases where laparoscopic surgery in the field of gynecology was performed. If you have difficulty creating a menu on your own, you should seek help from a nutritionist.

General conditions for proper nutrition

The diet after laparoscopic surgery takes into account the chemical composition and physical properties of the products, as well as the culinary method of processing the dishes and the time interval between meals.

Key points for healthy post-operative nutrition:

• The initial meal after laparoscopic surgery must be agreed with the doctor. If nausea from anesthesia is not present, chicken broth is allowed after six hours (fat skin is removed from the bird before cooking);
• food should be warm, but in no case hot. Aggressive effects of high temperatures on the digestive system are not allowed;
• The interval between meals is determined by two and a half hours. The serving size is no more than 300 grams; it is unacceptable to be greedy in food;
• preference is given to products enriched with minerals and vitamins, without disturbing the balance of nutrients;
• herbal infusions are welcome;
• culinary processing of products by frying is excluded. You can only eat dishes that are prepared by stewing, boiling, or baking without oil (other fat);
• In the first post-operative days, the best option would be to grind food with a blender to a puree state. In this form, food will be easier to digest;
• The diet should not change in a forced mode. Products are introduced in stages, from light to more difficult to digest;
• At the stage of introducing fresh fruits and vegetables, you should not eat hard skins.

This advice is used in most cases where dietary adjustments are necessary.

The diet cannot be stopped after discharge from the hospital. Throughout the month, the risk of complications due to overeating or consumption of prohibited foods remains. There is a complete taboo on any alcohol during the postoperative period.

Products to be excluded from the diet

The average duration of the diet after laparoscopy is four weeks. Next, you can navigate according to your own well-being. What not to eat:

• animal fats: butter, lard and fresh lard;
• fish and meat prepared by hot or cold smoking;
• fatty mayonnaise-based sauces and ketchups;
• canned foods (fish, meat, vegetables);
• salted and pickled mushrooms and vegetables;
• whole grain baked goods, including bread;
• baked goods, sweet desserts;
• peas, chickpeas, beans, lentils;
• raw vegetables;
• strong fruits (pears, apples) and citrus fruits;
• carbonated drinks, yeast-containing kvass;
• nuts;
• fast food;
• seasonings, spices.

Sausages, fatty cottage cheese and milk, and dried fruits are subject to restrictions. A failure in diet can result in postoperative complications. In patients who ate prohibited foods, suture dehiscence was observed due to difficulty in bowel movement.

Products prohibited during the postoperative period

When correcting the diet, the main emphasis is on light foods rich in vitamins and microelements. What can you eat after laparoscopy: porridge with water or low-fat milk of a thin consistency, steamed, boiled or stewed vegetables: carrots, zucchini, beets, liquid mashed potatoes, broths and light vegetable soups, lean fish (pollock, haddock, hake), which are cooked by steam method.

The list continues with boiled turkey or chicken (steamed poultry cutlets), beef liver processed by stewing, soft cottage cheese, yogurt, fermented baked milk, kefir (the fat content of fermented milk products is maintained at 2.5%), fruit and oatmeal jelly. Also recommended are any seafood, peeled fruits, berries, omelettes cooked in the microwave, homemade compotes, and diluted freshly squeezed juices.

Nutrition after removal of appendicitis and gall bladder surgery requires special attention, since these organs are directly related to the digestive system. Daily diet after laparoscopy:

• first day. After recovery from anesthesia, only table water without gas is allowed in small portions. In the absence of a gag reflex and a feeling of nausea, after 6 hours you can drink weak chicken broth;
• second day. It is optimal to start your meal with low-fat yogurt (you can drink it). You can add vermicelli or noodles to the broth;
• the next 2–3 days involve the introduction of liquid mashed potatoes without oil, boiled fish, chopped boiled chicken in broth, porridge in water, soft cottage cheese, fruit puree;
• on days 4-5, the diet should be enriched with steamed or stewed vegetables. A little marshmallow and baked apples are allowed.

At the end of the week, the operated patient can switch to a full diet of foods from the recommended list of acceptable ones. To normalize the bowel movement process, boiled beets with prunes chopped in a blender are recommended for daily consumption. This salad should be topped with natural yogurt.

An example of a gentle menu in the second postoperative week

Breakfast: oatmeal porridge, water-based or milk, 1.5% fat.

Lunch: fruit puree.

Lunch: chicken soup with noodles and pureed chicken, stewed vegetables, fruit drink or juice.

Afternoon snack: decoction of medicinal herbs, Lenten cookies (biscuits).

Dinner: steamed fish, liquid mashed potatoes (low-fat milk is used, no butter is added), weak green tea.

At night – 200–250 ml of kefir 1% fat. Kefir must be fresh (daily). Over the next two weeks, all products from the permitted list are introduced sequentially. After about a month and a half, the patient returns to the preoperative diet.

During the rehabilitation period, sports and other physical activities should be limited, and excluded in the first two weeks. It is unacceptable to lift heavy objects. At the same time, a complete lack of physical activity can lead to the formation of adhesions. The operated patient is recommended to undergo daily therapeutic walking. Speed ​​and distance are determined individually, based on how you feel.

Laparoscopic operations rarely lead to complications. The rehabilitation process takes less time than after conventional strip surgery. This is one of the advantages of this surgical method. Other prerogatives include:

• reducing possible damage to organs adjacent to the one being operated on. They are not involved in the process:
• reducing the risk of infection. Through small incisions it is more difficult for infection to enter the body;
• scanty probability of adhesions;
• aesthetic appearance of the body.

Proper nutrition will help speed up the body's recovery. The main thing is not to ignore the recommendations of your doctor.

Dietary nutrition is an important component of successful rehabilitation for many diseases. After various surgical interventions, properly selected food helps to recover quickly and prevent complications.

Dietary nutrition after surgery is selected individually and depends on the patient’s diagnosis and the type of surgery performed. However, there are a number of general recommendations that are relevant for all types of postoperative diet:

• On the first day after surgery, doctors usually allow only the consumption of ordinary water. It is possible to drink mineral water, but only without gas.
• Gentle food. Patients after anesthesia need a minimal load on the digestive tract; accordingly, it is better to consume dishes in liquid or semi-liquid form; a pasty, creamy or jelly-like consistency is possible. Such recommendations are relevant for the first few days after surgery.


• Fractionality of nutrition. You need to eat in small portions with a short interval between meals (about two hours).
• Comfort food. Doctors strongly recommend the consumption of warm foods - not hotter than 45 °C.
• The patient's diet should be expanded gradually in accordance with the recommendations of the attending physician.

Most often, dietary nutrition after surgery is organized in the inpatient department. After discharge home, the diet should also change in accordance with the doctor's recommendations.

Lung surgery

Surgery on the lungs can be performed for various reasons. Most often, they involve the removal of a portion of an organ, which may be necessary for birth defects, cysts, tuberculosis, cancer and other lesions. Competent rehabilitation after such interventions implies the mandatory organization of dietary nutrition. The treatment menu helps:

• Stimulate reparative processes in the body.
• Replenish lost protein.
• Boost immunity.
• Smooth out the negative effects of anesthesia.
• Normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Prevent complications.

Most often, the basis of dietary nutrition after lung surgery is treatment table No. 11 according to Pevzner, although with some modifications. In particular, doctors may recommend saturating the menu with protein foods in order to increase the body's reactivity and resistance to infections.

Diet

Features of nutrition after lung surgery:

• In the first twelve hours after emerging from anesthesia, you should not consume anything other than ordinary clean water.
• Afterwards, you can gradually begin to consume other liquids. Preference is given to secondary meat broths, low-fat kefir or whey, or rosehip decoction. Sometimes doctors allow the consumption of berry and fruit juices, as well as not too strong and unsweetened tea. You need to consume liquid in small portions, carefully assessing your well-being. In the absence of nausea and a feeling of stagnation in the stomach, the volume of fluid consumed can not be greatly limited (unless the doctor recommends otherwise).
• On the third day, it is usually allowed to introduce pureed semi-liquid foods into the menu. Preference is given to light pureed food - soups and cereals (they are prepared exclusively with water). Doctors usually recommend not experimenting and expanding your diet with caution, adding no more than a couple of new foods per day. The optimal serving size is less than two hundred grams, the frequency of meals is five to six per day.
• After reducing the risk of postoperative complications, it is worth expanding the menu. It is allowed to consume lean dietary meat, cereals with milk (first diluted), day-old bread, biscuits, fermented milk products, berries and fruits with vegetables.


• You should not consume food that can adversely affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, nuts, mushrooms, various seeds (seeds), fatty, fried, smoked and other frankly unhealthy foods are prohibited. You should not drink coffee and strong tea, eat cabbage, corn and other foods that can cause excessive gas formation. Of course, you should not drink alcohol; it is better to avoid salty foods and confectionery products (including chocolate and cocoa).

The attending physician will provide precise information about what you can eat after surgery. A specialist will tell you what is best to avoid and when you can switch to a regular diet.

After discharge

Typically, after returning home, patients who have undergone lung surgery are advised to stick to treatment table No. 11. This nutrition is aimed at:

• Improving nutrition of the whole body and fully covering the body’s needs for various nutrients.
• Increased defenses.
• Activation of recovery processes.

This diet is considered high-calorie and quite simple. It has practically no restrictions and implies a daily calorie content of about 2900–3100 kcal. Only the following are prohibited:

• Excessively fatty foods (in particular, especially fatty meat, poultry, animal fats).
• Spicy or fatty sauces.
• Various confectionery products with excess cream content.
• Alcohol.

Patients are allowed to eat other foods, but it is recommended to prepare meals adhering to the principles of proper nutrition: give preference to boiling, baking, stewing and steaming. An important role is played by the consumption of significant amounts of vegetables and fruits, protein foods and calcium salts in dairy products.

Nutrition after surgery on the intestines for oncology should be gentle and avoid consuming foods that slow down the intestines and cause fermentation and putrefactive processes in the intestines.

Why is it necessary to follow a diet?

Oncology of the rectum, cecum, sigmoid, colon, small or large intestine is a serious illness that is most often treated with surgery to remove the tumor from the intestine. Surgery for intestinal cancer itself requires special preparation in the patient’s nutrition, and the postoperative condition of the intestine even more so requires a gentle diet.

For patients with intestinal cancer, it is very important at what stage the tumor was detected (4 stages in total), since the prognosis for the patient depends on this. The doctor always tells you what you can eat before surgery and how to eat later.

Removing the tumor alone is not enough and sometimes an intestinal resection (removal of a small piece of the small or large intestine) is performed. After resection, the patient's intestines are very weak, and dietary meals will allow a person to eat and get energy in the first days after surgery, which is relatively easy on the intestines. Food should not injure the intestines or slow down peristalsis, as intestinal obstruction can lead to cancer recurrence or complications.

People with a diseased intestine should not eat many foods, but this does not mean that the menu will be meager. Diet for a patient who has undergone intestinal surgery for oncology should be selected together with a doctor. But the requirements regarding permitted and prohibited products are common for all patients; you just need to select products according to the person’s health status and taking into account personal intolerance to certain dishes.

One of the main causes of constipation and diarrhea is use of various medications. To improve bowel function after taking medications, you need to do it every day. drink a simple remedy ...

How to eat if you have intestinal cancer?

Before talking about what diet is suitable for people after intestinal surgery for oncology, it is worth considering the basic principles of nutrition for such patients:

1. The patient must eat only warm food, since a hot or cold dish can inhibit the production of gastric juice and reduce intestinal motility.
2. After operations on the large and small intestines, the patient should not quickly start eating, All products must be introduced gradually.
3. Food must be divided into parts- six meals a day, in portions of 300-400 grams, so that the total weight of ready-made meals does not exceed three kilograms per day.
4. In addition to liquid food, the patient should drink 1.5-2 liters of water per day (without gas and dyes).
5. Products that cause fermentation in the intestines should be completely excluded from the patient’s diet.
6. Postoperative diet for intestinal oncology should be built taking into account consumption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates(30%, 15% and 55% respectively).
7. Bowel cancer greatly affects the patient’s entire body, and therefore food should not only be healthy, but also pleasant in taste and smell, so that the patient does not develop an aversion to food or vomit, and therefore should add permitted spices to food.
8. Field of chemotherapy and surgery, the intestines are very poorly and slowly move food to the exit, and therefore all products must be in ground and crushed form, consumption of food in large pieces is not allowed.
9. In the first days, patients with intestinal cancer should not eat meat in any form; it can be introduced into the diet 3-4 days after surgery.
10. A person will be able to switch to a normal diet about a month after intestinal surgery.

Nutrition for intestinal oncology after surgery is not limited to any specific table, the closest would be, but it has a very narrow framework, and patients can still afford a wider list of products, which will now be discussed.

What can and cannot be eaten by cancer patients?

The diet of a patient with intestinal cancer should not consist of the same foods every day. It should be taken into account what the patient is allowed to eat, and what foods should be categorically avoided.

Authorized Products	Prohibited Products
Not fresh white bread, homemade crackers without seasoning, biscuits	Sweet and salty flour products, puff pastry, fresh black and white bread
Low-fat varieties of poultry and meat, as well as fish - beef, veal, chicken fillet, sea fish	Caviar and fatty fish, canned food, fatty meat, sausage
Nuts, fruits and vegetables, grated and in small portions	Pickles and marinades
Greenery	Spinach is prohibited only in the first two weeks after intestinal surgery
Jelly, jelly and fruit preserves	Legumes
Diluted juices, fruit drinks, weak tea, compotes	Strong, coffee, tea, carbonated drinks, water with dyes, concentrated juices
Homemade kefir and yogurt without additives	Whole milk, sour cream
50 grams of dry red wine with meals once a day if desired	Alcohol
Homemade puddings	Candies, cookies, lollipops and other sweets
Seafood	Fast food, crackers and chips
Many types of cereals - buckwheat, semolina, oatmeal, rice	Pearl barley, millet - very rarely and only from the second week
Broths and soups with lean meat or vegetables	Broths with broth
Soft-boiled egg, steam omelet	Scrambled eggs, hard-boiled eggs

Don't forget about the cooking methods. Under no circumstances should you eat raw foods (vegetables and fruits, fish).

All food must be thermally processed, by boiling, steaming, baking; frying food is not allowed. You should only eat fresh food, it is advisable to prepare a dish for one or two meals, this also applies to drinks; it is not recommended to let tea or compote sit for a long time.

Products against bowel cancer

Intestinal oncology should not be treated only with medication; a person must take care of his own health. There are certain foods that affect cancer-causing genes, prevent cancer cells from entering the bloodstream, improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system and help cleanse the gastrointestinal tract of toxins and waste.

Such products include:

• Garlic, onions.
• Tomatoes.
• Cauliflower, broccoli.
• Lots of seafood.
• Red pepper.
• Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, tangerines, grapefruits, pomegranates).
• Blackberries, raspberries, blueberries, currants.
• Walnuts.
• Dill and parsley.
• Pumpkin seeds.
• Olive oil in small doses.
• Basil, mint, thyme, marjoram.
• Mushrooms.
• Dark dark chocolate in small quantities.
• Bananas.

These products are beneficial for the intestines and the whole body; they eliminate many ailments due to the fact that they contain large amounts of vitamins and minerals, and therefore patients should consume them in small portions every day.

Diet for the week

Intestinal cancer is very difficult to treat. After intestinal surgery, the patient should not neglect the diet and doctor’s advice regarding nutrition and lifestyle.

Below is a sample menu for a person undergoing bowel surgery for seven days.

1. The first day: In the morning you need to drink a glass of clean water, after half an hour you need to have a snack of oatmeal in water with the addition of a small amount of walnuts and wash it down with jelly. After three hours, be sure to make a snack - applesauce. For lunch, the patient should eat vegetable soup with dumplings, pureed buckwheat porridge and tea. The afternoon snack should consist of dried fruits and mint tea. For dinner, it is preferable to eat a salad of chopped vegetables (tomato, cucumber) and drink a glass of jelly.
   
   
2. Second day: Drink a glass of fruit juice in the morning. For breakfast, semolina porridge, biscuits and tea are suitable. Snack will consist of yogurt and banana. For lunch you can eat oatmeal soup with vegetables. The patient's afternoon snack includes a glass of jelly and a handful of crackers. For dinner you are allowed to eat rice porridge, steamed chicken cutlets and herbal tea.
   
   
3. Day three: In the morning on an empty stomach, drink a glass of water, after 30 minutes, eat a bowl of oatmeal porridge with nuts, drink jelly with cookies. After a couple of hours you can eat raspberry jelly and orange. For lunch, buckwheat soup with fish dumplings and herbal tea are suitable. A snack after a couple of hours includes mashed potatoes, cookies and jelly. The patient can have oatmeal with fruit for dinner.
4. Day four: Before breakfast, drink a glass of diluted juice and then eat meatballs, rice porridge, and tea. After three hours, you should eat a handful of nuts and applesauce. For lunch, a steamed omelette, minced meat, jelly with crackers are perfect. The afternoon snack will consist of kefir and biscuits. For dinner, the patient is supposed to eat a vegetable salad from permitted products and drink blueberry jelly.
   
   
5. Day five: barley porridge, compote for breakfast for the patient. Afterwards, you can eat a baked apple for a snack. For lunch there will be fish stew and buckwheat porridge, herbal tea. An afternoon snack for the patient is a banana and half a glass of berries. Dinner – stewed liver, jelly and baked pear.
6. Day six: In the morning, the patient drinks a glass of compote. An hour later, the patient eats oatmeal with water and half a glass of raspberries. The snack consists of jelly with crackers. For lunch they offer pureed vegetable soup with the addition of day-old bread or croutons and tea. For an afternoon snack, a soft-boiled egg, and for dinner, baked zucchini, barley porridge and compote.
7. Day seven: For breakfast they eat buckwheat porridge, and a snack consists of blueberry jam with cookies. For lunch you can eat soup with mashed potatoes and vegetables, chopped lean meat. The patient's afternoon snack includes mashed potatoes and fish dumplings. For dinner - vegetable salad, chicken soufflé and compote.
   
   

If a person feels unwell after some product, then it is better not to give it to the patient until the intestines are completely restored.

Problems with the intestines can be completely eliminated only over time, but for now you should not load the body with unhealthy and heavy food, otherwise the well-being of an oncology patient may worsen sharply.

Some food recipes

Products for people who have undergone intestinal surgery are not difficult to get in the store, and preparing approved dishes from them is even easier. Below are just a few main dishes to show how to simply and correctly cook for a sick person.

Cream soup

One onion is finely chopped and lightly fried in a pan, grated carrots and pumpkin (500 grams each) are added, and 25 g of ginger are added. Pour a liter of water on top and boil for half an hour until all the vegetables are soft. You can add some spices if desired. After the soup is ready, pour it into a blender and beat well until a puree-like mixture is obtained.

Vegetable stew

50 grams of dried mushrooms are fried in olive oil for a couple of minutes, chicken meat (200-250 g in pieces) is added and lightly fried until golden brown. This mixture is laid out on another frying pan and filled with pre-prepared low-fat meat broth. As soon as the mixture boils, add 200 g of broccoli. Grated tomato and garlic are stewed separately and only then added to the stew. Mix everything in a frying pan and cook for another ten minutes.

Asparagus and spinach salad

Squeeze the juice completely out of two lemons, and simmer the pulp without peel in a steam bath (0.5 liters of water) for 10 minutes. Add 10 peeled asparagus shoots and steam for another 10-15 minutes. After this, the asparagus is taken out and washed in cold water. Add 100 g of seeds and a tablespoon of soy sauce into lemon juice and leave for 10 minutes. Spinach is mixed with lemon juice and asparagus is added on top.

With intestinal oncology, a person must adhere to proper nutrition all the time, and not just in the postoperative period. The patient’s intestines will be weak all their lives and if they are overloaded with improper nutrition, the cancer may return.

It is worth rationally consuming foods that prevent the appearance and spread of cancer cells, then the likelihood of spending your life in remission increases significantly. Intestinal cancer is a serious problem and should not be underestimated. It is necessary to listen to all the doctor’s advice and eat only what he allows.

Video

Uterus removal ( hysterectomy) or uterus with appendages ( hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy) - the most common operations in gynecology. They are not necessarily used in the presence of malignant tumors. Indications may include trauma and heavy uterine bleeding, endometriosis, multiple or large sizes leiomyomas, ovarian cysts, etc.
In any case, anesthesia and surgery are stress for the body, which causes local and general reactions and must be overcome. After abdominal intervention, the postoperative period is divided into early and late. The early one lasts the first three to four days, the second one lasts up to 12-20 days.

On the first day, all patients are recommended to be completely hungry, and fluid losses are replenished with intravenous solutions. In the absence of vomiting, which is associated with irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa by a narcotic substance, no earlier than 3-4 hours after the operation you can drink strong tea with lemon. And when an appetite appears (after 12-24 hours, depending on the condition), a woman can switch to light food: kefir, yogurt, broth.

Of course, a gentle diet is necessary, excluding aggressive, difficult-to-digest or irritating foods that irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa. This is explained by the fact that during abdominal surgery the peritoneum and intestinal loops are exposed, cooled and injured, no matter how carefully they are handled. General anesthesia also has a negative effect. This is why there is flatulence, pain and colic in the abdomen, which most often disappear by the third day.

Proper nutrition, which gradually expands, helps restore the function of the gastrointestinal tract. On the second day, add liquid porridge (oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat), vegetable puree, crackers, light cereal and vegetable soups, omelet, soft-boiled eggs. That is, it is recommended to eat within the limits Table No. 1B.

It is mandatory to introduce into the diet foods that enhance intestinal motility: soaked prunes, grated beets with vegetable oil, or any foods familiar to a woman that stimulate bowel movements. After the first natural bowel movement, nutrition can be expanded, and meat, fish, and crumbly cereals are recommended. It is allowed to drink an infusion of rose hips and sea buckthorn, dried fruit compote, jelly are limited if there is a tendency to constipation.

In general, nutrition after abdominal gynecological surgery is based on the principles:

• Fractionality - I take it up to 7 times a day in not very large portions.
• Inclusion of products to restore natural bowel function, since after strip surgery many experience bowel paresis. The emphasis is on foods containing dietary fiber (vegetables, prunes, fruits), but they should be boiled or stewed, as raw foods cause bloating.
• Avoiding foods that cause bloating. You should not eat bread, cabbage, carbonated water, legumes, yeast baked goods, kvass, raw vegetables and fruits, and whole milk.
• Exclusion of fixing products: strong tea and coffee, chocolate, rice, hard-boiled eggs.
• Gradual introduction of meat and fish dishes, especially if you are prone to constipation, since protein foods provoke them.
• Steaming or boiling dishes.
• Maintain a drinking regimen of 1.5 liters per day or more (as recommended by a doctor).
• Excluded from the diet: fatty and fried foods, confectionery, strong tea, coffee, spicy foods, spices, chocolate.

After discharge from the hospital, a relatively gentle diet should be followed for up to one month. For some women, this period is reduced to two weeks. It is imperative to monitor daily bowel movements to avoid constipation. After the operation, you are not allowed to push - this poses a threat to the sutures. In this regard, products that have a fixing effect and slow down peristalsis are initially excluded. These include pureed soups, boiled slimy porridges, jelly, rice and pureed food, chocolate, cottage cheese in large quantities, an abundance of meat products and protein foods in general, strong tea, cocoa, dough products, pomegranates, quince, blueberries, flour products a lot.

Bloating should also not be allowed, so legumes, kvass, black bread, grapes, raisins, herbs and spices should be excluded. At this stage, a balanced diet is important, since processes are activated: protein synthesis, necessary for growth and development, is enhanced. The functions of the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system are restored.

Meals must include proteins, fats, vitamins and carbohydrates. On average, the calorie intake should be 2800-2900 kcal, protein up to 95 g, the same or slightly more fat and 400 g of complex carbohydrates. During the recovery period, it is important to eliminate the deficiency of proteins and vitamins that occurs during blood loss, fever and breakdown of tissue proteins.

A sufficient amount of protein (meat, cottage cheese, dairy products, eggs, fish) and healthy fats, the sources of which are nuts, fatty fish, and vegetable oils (especially olive, sesame and flaxseed), are introduced into the diet. Restrictions apply only to simple carbohydrates (sweets, sugar, flour products). Complex carbohydrates (cereals, cereal breads, vegetables) are the main source of energy, so they must be included in the diet.

The diet after abdominal gynecological surgery includes:

• Dishes made from lean beef, chicken, veal, rabbit, steamed or boiled. Depending on your preference, you can cook the meat in the form of chopped products (cutlets, meatballs, etc.) or in pieces.
• Soups with vegetable or weak meat broths. They add cereals, vermicelli and vegetables.
• Dried wheat bread is limited at first. Dry cookies are introduced.
• Low-fat fish at first, and during the rehabilitation period the diet is expanded by introducing fatty fish 1-2 times a week. Cooking method: steaming, boiling or baking.
• Soft-boiled eggs or omelet.
• Low-fat milk is initially limited or excluded due to possible bloating of the intestines after consumption. Then it is introduced into dishes (milk porridge, milk soups). Sour cream as a seasoning for dishes. Any fermented milk drinks that are well tolerated. Half-fat cottage cheese is limited only if you are prone to constipation.
• Cereals in the form of porridges and casseroles. It is worth considering that corn, pearl barley, millet and barley are difficult to digest, so they are excluded for two weeks after the operation and then carefully introduced.
• At first, vegetables are consumed boiled, baked or stewed, excluding coarse ones (radish, radish, mushrooms). They are used to make puree, caviar, and stew. Subsequently, vegetables are introduced fresh - salads with vegetable oil.
• Fruits and berries are first consumed in heat-treated form - compotes, as an additive when cooking porridge, jelly (in the absence of constipation).
• Drinks: vegetable and fruit juices, rosehip infusion, still water, weak tea (with milk), oat decoction is useful.

Vegetables and greens

eggplant1,20,14,524zucchini0,60,34,624cabbage1,80,14,727broccoli3,00,45,228carrots1,30,16,932cucumbers0,80,12,815salad pepper1,30,05,327parsley3,70,47,647ice salad berg0,90,11,814 tomatoes0, 60,24,220pumpkin1,30,37,728dill2,50,56,338

Fruits

bananas1,50,221,895apples0,40,49,847

Nuts and dried fruits

nuts 15,040,020,0500 dried figs 3,10,857,9257 dried apricots 5,20,351,0215 apricots 5,00,450,6213 prunes 2,30,757,5231

Cereals and porridges

buckwheat (kernel) 12.63.362.1313 oatmeal 12.36.159.5342 pearl barley 9.31.173.7320

Flour and pasta

buckwheat noodles14.70.970.5348

Bakery products

bran bread7,51,345,2227whole grain bread 10,12,357,1295

Confectionery

jam0.30.263.0263fruit and berry marmalade0.40.076.6293marshmallow0.50.080.8310Maria cookies8.78.870.9400

Raw materials and seasonings

honey0.80.081.5329

Dairy

kefir 1.5% 3.31.53.641 fermented baked milk 2.84.04.267

Cheeses and cottage cheese

cottage cheese 1%16.31.01.379

Meat products

beef18,919,40,0187rabbit21,08,00,0156

Bird

boiled chicken breast 29.81.80.5137 boiled chicken drumstick 27.05.60.0158 boiled turkey fillet 25.01.0-130

Eggs

soft boiled chicken eggs 12.811.60.8159

Fish and seafood

flounder 16,51,80,083 pollock 15,90,90,072 cod 17,70,7-78 hake 16,62,20,086

Oils and fats

butter0.582.50.8748 olive oil0.099.80.0898 sunflower oil0.099.90.0899

Non-alcoholic drinks

water0.00.00.0-mineral water0.00.00.0-green tea0.00.00.0-

Juices and compotes

apricot juice0,90,19,038carrot juice1,10,16,428peach juice0,90,19,540plum juice0,80,09,639tomato juice1,10,23,821pumpkin juice0,00,09,038rose hip juice0,10,017,670

Fully or partially limited products

• Fatty meats, smoked meats, goose and duck meat, dried fish, sausages, canned meat and fish.
• Fresh bread, pastries (puff pastry, yeast).
• Raw vegetables and fruits in the first two weeks after surgery.
• Legumes, white cabbage and vegetables with coarse fiber (radish, turnip, radish).
• Animal fats are limited.
• Pepper, ketchup, horseradish, mustard, mayonnaise.
• Sweets.
• Products with artificial additives.
• Black coffee, chocolate, strong tea.

Table of prohibited products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
canned vegetables	1,5	0,2	5,5	30
swede	1,2	0,1	7,7	37
peas	6,0	0,0	9,0	60
bulb onions	1,4	0,0	10,4	41
chickpeas	19,0	6,0	61,0	364
radish	1,2	0,1	3,4	19
white radish	1,4	0,0	4,1	21
beans	7,8	0,5	21,5	123
horseradish	3,2	0,4	10,5	56
spinach	2,9	0,3	2,0	22
sorrel	1,5	0,3	2,9	19
Berries
grape	0,6	0,2	16,8	65
Mushrooms
mushrooms	3,5	2,0	2,5	30
marinated mushrooms	2,2	0,4	0,0	20
Nuts and dried fruits
raisin	2,9	0,6	66,0	264
Snacks
potato chips	5,5	30,0	53,0	520
Cereals and porridges
rice	6,7	0,7	78,9	344
Flour and pasta
pasta	10,4	1,1	69,7	337
noodles	12,0	3,7	60,1	322
vareniki	7,6	2,3	18,7	155
dumplings	11,9	12,4	29,0	275
Bakery products
buns	7,9	9,4	55,5	339
Rye bread	6,6	1,2	34,2	165
Confectionery
pastry cream	0,2	26,0	16,5	300
shortbread dough	6,5	21,6	49,9	403
Ice cream
ice cream	3,7	6,9	22,1	189
Chocolate
chocolate	5,4	35,3	56,5	544
Raw materials and seasonings
mustard	5,7	6,4	22,0	162
mayonnaise	2,4	67,0	3,9	627
Dairy
milk 4.5%	3,1	4,5	4,7	72
cream 35% (fat)	2,5	35,0	3,0	337
whipped cream	3,2	22,2	12,5	257
Meat products
fatty pork	11,4	49,3	0,0	489
salo	2,4	89,0	0,0	797
bacon	23,0	45,0	0,0	500
Sausages
smoked sausage	9,9	63,2	0,3	608
Bird
smoked chicken	27,5	8,2	0,0	184
duck	16,5	61,2	0,0	346
smoked duck	19,0	28,4	0,0	337
goose	16,1	33,3	0,0	364
Fish and seafood
smoked fish	26,8	9,9	0,0	196
black caviar	28,0	9,7	0,0	203
salmon caviar granular	32,0	15,0	0,0	263
salmon	19,8	6,3	0,0	142
canned fish	17,5	2,0	0,0	88
salmon	21,6	6,0	—	140
trout	19,2	2,1	—	97
Oils and fats
animal fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
cooking fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
Alcoholic drinks
dry red wine	0,2	0,0	0,3	68
vodka	0,0	0,0	0,1	235
beer	0,3	0,0	4,6	42
Non-alcoholic drinks
soda water	0,0	0,0	0,0	—
cola	0,0	0,0	10,4	42
instant coffee dry	15,0	3,5	0,0	94
sprite	0,1	0,0	7,0	29

* data is per 100 g of product

Nutrition menu after surgery (Power mode)

You should be relatively strict with your diet for the first two weeks. In the future, it will be organized on the principles of healthy nutrition. Breakfast can consist of porridge cooked in water or milk. It would be appropriate to add fruit, a little dried fruit or honey to milk porridges. It is better to temporarily exclude ready-made breakfasts and corn flakes due to the sugar content, flavorings and flavor enhancers. Drinks in the morning include tea or coffee with milk, or freshly squeezed juice.

Second breakfast - baked or fresh fruits, cottage cheese with nuts and dried fruits. For lunch, vegetable soup, a meat or fish dish with a side dish of your choice (porridge or vegetables). For an afternoon snack - fermented milk products or fruits. The basis of dinner is a protein dish (meat, fish, chicken, legumes) and stewed vegetables. If you have a problem with excess weight, porridge for dinner is not recommended.

Reviews and results

After strip surgery, the recovery period can last 2-3 months. Some women, mostly young and of childbearing age, note quite a long psychological rehabilitation. This is understandable, since these women cannot become mothers, and some do not even manage to start a family.

• “... I was raised after gynecological surgery on the 2nd day. I slowly crawled to the toilet and urinated without a catheter (before that it had been there for a day). I felt dizzy, weak, and everything inside hurt, but I tried to walk around the ward. On the third day I went out into the corridor and the dining room, on the 6th I was at home. There I was on a diet for up to a month: low-fat soups, boiled fish and meat, cottage cheese, kefir, boiled vegetables, baked apples. I limited bread and pastries, sweets. During this month I lost 4 kg. Then, as the doctor recommended, I switched to a common table.”
• “... We performed hysterectomy after childbirth but were unable to stop the bleeding. For the first two days, food was limited and sparing, and then beets, prunes, and pumpkin porridge were brought from home to normalize stool. Upon arriving home, I ate porridge, soups, boiled fish and boiled vegetables. Nothing spicy, fried, less dough to avoid constipation. The first two weeks after surgery are difficult. I recovered physically within a month, but I can’t recover psychologically: insomnia and depression. Psychologically, this is difficult to bear. Sexual desire has disappeared."
• “... I had to agree to the operation, since conservative treatment did not help. The fibroids were growing, my periods were long and so heavy that I was afraid to leave the house. There was also bleeding, the pain was constant, and it was difficult to get up and go to work. I understand that surgery is not healthy, but I had no choice. With all this, I recovered quite quickly, although my hemoglobin was rather low and I was worried about weakness. The diet was restricted for 3 weeks, and then it was expanded within reason. I had to take pills for hemoglobin, and also ate beef and liver every day.”

Only for the first days after surgery, food is limited. Subsequently, it contains all products with a few exceptions and a transition to a common table is expected. The cost of the diet can be 1600-1700 rubles per week.

Diet after abdominal surgery: general principles

Based on the functional characteristics of various systems and organs, as well as taking into account the specific physiological consequences of their surgical treatment, an appropriate surgical diet after abdominal surgery has been developed. Its goal is to reduce the load on the entire body and on the operated organ, but at the same time provide the body with energy.

What diet after surgery is prescribed immediately after surgery? Regarding the acceptable range of foods and methods of their culinary processing, the most strict is the zero diet after surgery. In clinical practice, this diet is followed during the first three days after surgery. This diet consists of sweetened tea (with or without lemon), rose hip infusion, various jellies and diluted fresh juices, fruit and berry jelly, low-fat meat broth and slimy rice water. Portions are small, but meals are served up to seven times a day.

Such nutrition helps to avoid unwanted stress on the gastrointestinal tract and the entire digestive system of the operated patient. Moreover, a diet after surgery on the esophagus, a diet after surgery for stomach cancer, a diet after surgery for peritonitis, as well as a diet after heart surgery can be prescribed by doctors only after a few days, since such patients in the intensive care unit can first be given nutrition through a tube or by parenteral introduction of special drugs.

The zero diet after surgery has three options - A, B and C. The zero (surgical) diet 0A is described above, its daily calorie content is minimal - no more than 780 kcal. The difference from diet 0B is the addition of rice, buckwheat and oatmeal porridge (liquid and pureed), slimy cereal soups, decoction of vegetables seasoned with semolina or low-fat chicken broth. In addition, depending on the patient’s condition, steamed omelet (only from egg whites) and steamed meat soufflé are allowed. This diet also includes low-fat cream, berry mousses and jellies (non-acidic). The single volume of food is limited to 360-380 g, the number of meals is 6 times a day, and the daily calorie content should not exceed 1600 kcal.

Diet after abdominal surgery 0B (2200 kcal), in addition to pureed soups, includes dishes from pureed boiled meat, chicken and lean fish; vegetable puree; liquid milk porridge, pureed cottage cheese with cream, kefir; baked apples and white crackers (no more than 90-100 g per day). In general, such a postoperative diet - as the patients' condition improves - is like a transition to a more complete diet, which in most cases is also limited by the indications of various therapeutic diets.

It must be borne in mind that diet 1 after surgery (No. 1A surgical and No. 2 surgical) largely repeats the prescriptions of diet 0B, but with a higher daily calorie content (2800-3000 kcal). Diet: 5-6 times a day. There are two options here - mashed and not mashed.

What should you not eat after surgery if you are prescribed this diet? You should not consume meat and fish broths, fatty meats, poultry and fish, mushroom and strong vegetable broths, any fresh bread and pastries and, of course, all pickles, smoked meats, canned food, hot sauces and seasonings. You also need to exclude millet, barley, pearl barley and corn porridge, legume dishes, sour dairy products, sharp cheese and eggs - fried and hard-boiled. White cabbage, radishes and radishes, cucumbers and onions, as well as spinach and sorrel are excluded from vegetables. Diet 1 after surgery also excludes fiber-rich and sour fruits. And also chocolate, ice cream, black coffee and carbonated drinks.

What can you eat after surgery on this diet? Warm boiled (or steamed) food - in highly chopped form. You can prepare soups from pureed vegetables and boiled cereals and pureed soups from pre-cooked meat.

Compliance with diet 1 after surgery allows the consumption of sweet fruits and berries in the form of puree, mousse and jelly, and drinks - tea, jelly and compote.

This is the diet after lung surgery, the diet after stomach ulcer surgery, and the diet after stomach cancer surgery. Moreover, in the latter case, three weeks after the operation, doctors recommend that patients include meat and fish broth in their diet so that the digestive system begins to work more actively.

Diet after gallbladder surgery (its partial or complete resection) - after canceling diet 1 - imposes a complete ban on fatty and fried foods; for smoked meats, pickles and marinades; excludes the consumption of canned food, mushrooms, onions and garlic, as well as confectionery products with cream, ice cream and carbonated drinks. Sweets are strictly limited, primarily chocolate.

What can you eat after gall bladder surgery? Gastroenterologists recommend consuming only lean meats and fish, first courses based on weak meat and vegetable broths, dried bread, and various low-fat fermented milk products. Between butter and vegetable oil, you should choose the latter.

It is harmful to eat very hot or cold food: the optimal food temperature corresponds to normal body temperature. Portions should be small, and there should be at least five meals throughout the day.

Diet 5 after surgery is the main therapeutic diet after liver surgery, after gallbladder surgery (including its removal), and also the most commonly prescribed diet after pancreatic surgery.

As expected, meals should be fractional, that is, five or six times a day. The patient needs approximately 80 g of proteins and fats per day, and carbohydrates - in the range of 350-400 g. The daily calorie content does not exceed 2500 kcal. During the day you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of water. This gentle diet after surgery allows you to consume 45 g of butter and 65 g of vegetable oil per day, no more than 35 g of sugar and up to 180-200 g of dried bread.

Diet 5 after surgery does not allow in the diet such foods as fatty meats and fish, lard, and offal; any broths; sausage and canned food; fatty dairy products; fried and hard-boiled eggs. It is also unacceptable to consume garlic, green onions, radishes, spinach and sorrel, mushrooms and legumes, fresh bread and baked goods, confectionery, ice cream, chocolate, black coffee and cocoa. Cooking methods include boiling and steaming, although baking and stewing are also allowed.

Considering the location of the surgical intervention, the diet after intestinal surgery completely excludes the consumption of coarse plant fiber, as well as any food products that are difficult to digest, cause increased contractions of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, that is, intestinal peristalsis, and also provoke flatulence.

Easily digestible liquid homogenized food in small quantities 5-6 times a day are the main rules on which the diet after intestinal adhesions surgery, the diet after sigmoid colon surgery, as well as the diet after intestinal obstruction surgery and the diet after rectal surgery are based. As the condition of these pathologies improves, the doctor gives permission to include lean meat, poultry, sea fish, eggs and low-fat fermented milk products in the menu.

Since a gentle diet after surgery is most suitable for the intestines, the food must be thoroughly crushed. Over time, diet 4 is prescribed, in which vegetables and fruits (in any form) are completely absent from the menu; milk soups and dairy products (except cottage cheese); bread and flour products (except for crackers made from wheat bread); meat soups (with any dressing, except steamed meatballs or boiled minced meat); fatty meat, sausage and frankfurters; fatty or salted fish; fats (you can put only a little butter in prepared dishes).

The diet after intestinal surgery does not allow the consumption of legumes and any pasta, all sweets (including honey), as well as cocoa, coffee and carbonated drinks.

What can you eat after intestinal surgery? Puree porridge (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal); vegetable decoctions (without the vegetables themselves); soft-boiled eggs and in the form of a steam omelet; jelly and jelly (from apples, pears, quince); black and green tea, cocoa, weak black coffee. It is recommended to drink diluted fresh fruit and berry juices (except grape, plum and apricot).

The diet after appendicitis surgery aims to ensure the fastest possible absorption of food and consists of eating exclusively liquid food in the first days after surgery. What should you not eat after surgery to remove an inflamed appendix? The consumption of any raw vegetables and fruits, legumes, milk, fatty and fried, spicy and salty foods, as well as strong tea and coffee is strictly prohibited. The rapid absorption of food is also facilitated by split meals: 7-8 times a day in small portions.

For 8-10 days, the diet after appendicitis surgery consists of: low-fat broth, vegetable and rice broth, pureed vegetable soups and liquid puree (from zucchini, pumpkin, sour apples). The diet menu after appendectomy also includes water-cooked porridge (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), boiled or steamed chicken, veal and lean sea fish, fruit and berry jelly, compotes, and rosehip decoction. Next, boiled and stewed vegetables, noodles, eggs (soft-boiled or protein steamed omelet), day-old white bread, cottage cheese, and fermented milk drinks are introduced into the diet.

After removal of the sutures and discharge from the hospital, a gentle diet after surgery is recommended - therapeutic diet 2, in which the following are excluded from the diet: fatty meat, lard, salted and smoked, canned food, fresh bread, baked goods, legumes and millet, mushrooms, hard-boiled eggs . It is contraindicated to eat onions and garlic, radishes and radishes, sweet peppers and cucumbers, fresh fruits and berries with rough skin or grains. A complete ban is imposed on cakes, ice cream, cocoa, black coffee and grape juice.

At the first stage, the diet after gastric surgery and the diet after gastric ulcer surgery are diets 0A, 0B and 0B (read more above). The peculiarity of this clinical case is that salt can be completely excluded from the diet, and the number of meals can be increased to 8-10 times a day - with the same minimum single amounts. But daily fluid intake should be at least two liters.

The diet after gastric ulcer surgery (on average three days after surgery) is the 1A surgical diet (mashed). Acceptable foods include the same as for exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, that is, low-fat chicken broth, milk and fruit jelly and jellies, low-fat cream, slimy soups (with the addition of butter), eggs (soft-boiled only), sweetened decoction or infusion rose hips, carrot juice and diluted non-acidic fruit juices. Patients adhere to this diet for about half a month. Then the range of products and diet menu after surgery gradually expand, but the key principle of nutrition remains in order to protect the gastric mucosa from any irritating factors for as long as possible and thereby promote recovery.

The diet prescribed by doctors after a hernia operation - the diet after an inguinal hernia operation or the diet after an umbilical hernia operation - in the first days is absolutely similar to the nutrition that patients receive after operations on the intestines and stomach.

Approximately on the fifth or sixth day after the operation, the diet expands to include various first courses, primarily vegetarian soups, as well as second courses - cereals and meat. However, the principles of a gentle diet after surgery remain for some time (this is determined only by the attending physician).

In order to prevent constipation, which leads to overstrain of the smooth muscles of the peritoneum and pelvis, doctors advise patients who have undergone suturing of a hernia to henceforth refuse fatty foods, eat more plant foods, not overeat and control their weight.

The diet after surgery for hemorrhoids and the diet after surgery for anal fissure, as well as the diet after surgery for prostate adenoma, are based on the same principles. And the key point that unites medical nutrition in the surgical treatment of the listed pathologies is the prevention of constipation, the prevention of flatulence and the facilitation of bowel movements.

Therefore, on the first day, such patients are only advised to drink, and then they are prescribed a diet that completely excludes: milk, rye bread, cabbage, radishes and radishes, onions and garlic, spicy herbs, legumes, fiber-rich raw fruits and berries (apples, pears, grapes, gooseberries, etc.), as well as all types of nuts. This diet in some sources is referred to as a slag-free diet after surgery. We would like to note that such therapeutic nutrition is not included in official dietetics...

It is clear that it is unacceptable to consume particularly harmful foods (fatty, spicy, salty and sweet) and anything canned. And what you can eat after an operation of this localization includes crumbly buckwheat and millet porridge, white wheat bread (made from semolina flour), all fermented milk, lean beef and chicken. There is a taboo on fried food: everything needs to be boiled, stewed or cooked in a double boiler. Drink plenty of fluids to avoid bladder problems.

The diet recommended for women after hysterectomy, as well as the diet after ovarian surgery, is not much different from the rules already given above. However, a couple of days after these operations, the food regime is completely different: no liquid porridges, slimy soups or jelly.

Firstly, the volume of liquid you drink during the day should be at least three liters. Secondly, food should help loosen the intestines. To do this, in the diet menu after surgery on the uterus and its appendages, doctors introduce fermented milk products (low-fat kefir is especially useful), various cereal dishes (for example, crumbly porridge), weak broths and boiled meat, light vegetable salads (except cabbage) with sunflower or olive oil, fruits and berries (except grapes, figs and pomegranates). Meal regimen: small portions, five to seven times a day.

The following remain prohibited for a long time: salty, spicy and fatty foods; almost all groceries; everything fried; legume dishes; white bread, baked goods and confectionery; strong tea, coffee, cocoa (and chocolate), as well as alcoholic drinks.

The diet after heart surgery involves a zero diet (0A) in the first three days. Then the operated patients are transferred to diet 1 after surgery (1 surgical), and on approximately the 5-6th day (according to the condition) diet 10 or 11 is prescribed. Similar rules apply when a diet is prescribed after bypass surgery.

We think we should briefly describe the mentioned diets. So, therapeutic diet 10 is prescribed for diseases of the cardiovascular system and is aimed at normalizing circulatory functions and general metabolism. Its key features are a significant reduction in the consumption of table salt, liquid (up to 1200 ml per day), fat (up to 65-70 g) and carbohydrates (up to 350-370 g), as well as enrichment of nutrition with potassium and magnesium. The daily caloric value is 2500 kcal.

A protein diet after surgery (diet 11) is used to increase the body's defenses and restore normal conditions, in particular in cases of anemia, general exhaustion and chronic infections. In many cases, it is also prescribed to improve the quality of nutrition of patients with other pathologies, since it is a protein diet after surgery (up to 140 g of protein per day). This physiologically complete diet is fortified and high-calorie (3700-3900 kcal), which contains up to 110 g of fat and up to 500 g of carbohydrates. With this diet, after heart surgery, patients eat five times a day. There are no restrictions on the culinary processing of food and its consistency, but in any case, fried and fatty foods are contraindicated to eat even in the absence of any internal diseases.

The diet after bypass surgery is aimed at reducing cholesterol in the blood, and its recommendations must be followed constantly to prevent the deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessels.

The diet after bypass surgery limits the consumption of fats and completely excludes everything fried and fatty, as well as ghee and sunflower oil (only cold-pressed olive oil is allowed). The diet menu after coronary artery bypass surgery should include: boiled meat (lean beef and veal), beef liver, poultry, low-fat dairy products, white sea fish, legumes, vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts.

As experts note, a diet after kidney surgery - in the case of ultrasonic crushing of stones in it - is not prescribed, but it is recommended to eat light, steamed foods, avoid eating fatty and spicy foods, and avoid canned food and carbonated water.

If stones are removed by abdominal surgery, the patient needs a zero diet after surgery, then a diet 1 after surgery (return to the beginning of the publication and read the characteristics of these diets).

During the standard course of the postoperative period, approximately on the fifth or sixth day, doctors establish a diet for their patients in accordance with therapeutic dietary table 11 (also written about above).

But the diet after kidney removal surgery (after eating according to the zero and first surgical diets) involves a balanced, nutritious diet with some well-founded restrictions. So, it is necessary to add less salt to food, reduce the number of meat dishes in the diet, eat black bread instead of white bread, and drink kefir instead of milk. And there is no doubt that steamed cutlets are healthier than fried ones, and stewed rabbit meat is better for a single kidney than pork kebab.

Various cereals, dairy products, vegetables, fruits - all this is possible. And all canned food, semi-finished products and food products with preservatives, flavorings and food colors can only do harm. By the way, various reasons lead to the removal of a kidney, so the diet after kidney removal surgery is prescribed to each patient individually.

All diets for the surgical treatment of pathologies of the pelvic organs, including the diet after bladder surgery, prescribe the consumption of food that is easily digestible. Therefore, it is natural to prescribe a diet after abdominal surgery, that is, food with a liquid and semi-liquid consistency, with a limitation or complete exclusion of fats, table salt, coarse fiber, etc.

The main recommendations of urologists regarding diet after bladder surgery boil down to drinking more water more frequently and plentifully, as well as the need to avoid foods that contain oxalic acid compounds (oxalates).

Is it necessary to provide detailed recipes for the diet after surgery, in the sense of that very zero diet? It’s unlikely, because while patients are eating slimy rice water or low-fat chicken broth, they are in the hospital...

And outside the hospital you will have to learn how to cook, for example, milk jelly. To prepare it for a glass of milk you will need a teaspoon of regular potato starch and as much granulated sugar.

The milk should be brought to a boil and starch diluted in a small amount of water (50-60 ml) should be poured into it. The starch is added with continuous stirring to ensure the jelly is homogeneous. Add sugar and remove from heat. The principle of preparing all jelly is similar to this diet recipe after surgery.

Here's some advice on preparing pureed porridges - rice, buckwheat or oatmeal. In order not to bother with grinding the finished porridge, you need to grind the corresponding cereals and oatmeal almost to the state of flour. And while stirring, add the already crushed product into the boiling water (or boiling milk). This porridge cooks much faster.

Diet after surgery is the most important component of rehabilitation after any surgical intervention. And now you know the basic rules of therapeutic nutrition.

Modern medicine is improving and diseases that were previously considered incurable are being successfully cured. To avoid subsequent development of the disease or to eliminate defects, doctors resort to operations.

At the same time, the body experiences stress, but with high-quality treatment and proper postoperative care, the body returns to normal. Therefore, it is important to know what you can eat after surgery.

Whatcan you eat after surgery, doctors are required to recommend. General rules for postoperative eating:

• 3-4 meals a day, with snacks if desired;
• give preference to small portions;
• reduce salt, sugar and fat intake;
• Avoid sugary carbonated drinks and alcohol.

After the procedure, you need to adhere to the gradual introduction of products. At first it will be a little water, then light soups and broths, steamed porridges, low-fat fermented milk products, low-fat fish, vegetable and fruit purees. It's better to cook it steamed. You can use whole grain bread or crackers.

The body must recover as quickly as possible and for this it needs good nutrition, including vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates. To do this, you should diversify your food with cereals, fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products, and meat. It is not recommended to eat vegetables such as cabbage and radishes.

ToYou can take special supplements to restore the disturbed balance of nutrients.

After appendicitis is excised, the food intake system becomes one of the points of recovery for the patient’s body. On the first day after the procedure, you are not even allowed to drink. The next day you are allowed to drink non-carbonated mineral water.

After 1-1.5 days, you can take weak broths and soups, which it is advisable to prepare in water or vegetable broth. For the second course, you can prepare porridge from egg, rice or oatmeal. From the liquid you can drink a decoction of rose hips and fruit jelly.

It is not recommended to eat borscht, pea or fish soup, or okroshka. As for meat, baked goods, fast food, carbonated drinks, and fatty dairy products, you can forget about them for two weeks. A little rabbit meat is allowed, which is considered dietary meat. It is permissible to eat low-fat dairy products and be sure to eat berries, vegetables and fruits.

FromSome taste preferences should be abandoned for a while, and you should also listen to the following advice:

• You should chew your food thoroughly;
• on days 2 and 3, resort to small portions;
• It’s better to eat 5-6 rubles. in a day;
• it is necessary to give preference to liquid foods and avoid solid ones;
• consume food at room temperature;
• when choosing a food processing method, give preference to steaming;
• You can eat soup with grated vegetables after surgery, which helps to establish a normal digestion process.

After eliminating the organ responsible for processing bile, a meal schedule is vital and significantly changes the diet of the recovering person.

What can you eat after gallbladder surgery?

• products must be steam cooked;
• use fractional meals, better less, but more often;
• eat meals at the same time period.

The strictest diet following cholecystectomy is prescribed in the post-operative 12 hours. In the first hours, it is advisable to only wet your lips with water, and a little later rinse your mouth with unsweetened herbal infusions. The next day you are allowed to drink fruit compotes, low-fat biokefir and lightly brewed tea. Sip water in small doses after a certain time, no more than 1.5 liters per day.

On the third day, it is planned to take crushed potatoes, juice from pumpkin, apples or beets, light rich soups with the addition of 1 tsp. sour cream or plums. oil, cooked low-fat fish. You can drink sweet tea.

On days 4 and 5, white bread, crackers and simple cookies are added to the portion in small quantities.

On day 6, buckwheat, wheat liquid porridge or oatmeal, prepared in a 1:1 ratio with milk or water, low-fat meats and low-fat fermented milk provisions are allowed.

After a week and for up to 1.5 months, you must adhere to a gentle diet. After this time, it is allowed to follow a general diet. It consists of vegetable and fruit salads with the addition of vegetable fats or sour cream, chicken, rabbit, low-fat veal, cereals, milk, one egg every 5 days, and lean first meals.

Dessert can consist of jam, marmalades, honey or marshmallows.
It is forbidden to use:

• spicy, fatty foods, smoked foods;
• Supplies that stimulate the mucous membrane (onions, garlic, spices, pickles);
• fatty meat or poultry;
• soda, alcohol and sweets;
• food with a huge amount of fiber (coarsely ground bread, legumes);
• provisions in cold or hot condition.

By following a planned diet after getting rid of the gallbladder, you can return to your normal lifestyle with minor dietary restrictions.

After clearing the bile ducts of stones, the outflow of bile is restored.

IN During the postoperative period, you should refrain from consuming products that interfere with bile secretion:

• preserves and pickles;
• spicy and fatty foods;
• semi-finished products, sausages;
• fish and meat fatty delicacies;
• baked goods, sweets and fresh baked goods.

In the days following the medical intervention, you are only allowed to hold the liquid in your mouth or blot your lips with a napkin. After they have expired, you can drink in small sips a rosehip decoction or mineral water from which the gas has been released in advance.

After 12 hours, the operated patient should be given an unsweetened infusion of dried fruits or low-fat kefir to drink, keeping an interval of 3 hours and in the amount of 100 ml. Take juices and vegetarian soups with 1 tsp. sour cream is recommended for 3 days.

Sticking toOn a gentle diet you can eat:

• omelettes;
• sandwiches with cheese and a thin layer of butter;
• vinaigrettes;
• porridge diluted in milk or water;
• meatballs;
• liquid vegetable or fruit dishes;
• light low-fat soups;
• Low-fat milk, herbal infusions, and lukewarm tea are suitable for drinking;
• for dessert - curd pudding.

To facilitate the work of the gastrointestinal tract, it is a good idea to stick to a fractional diet.

Use edibles in a warm state and steam or boil them. It is necessary to organize the required flow of fluid into the body. From the bakery assortment, you should choose products with bran.

In the first month after surgery, you can eat cereal soups with well-ground vegetables, which prevents irritation of the walls of the internal organs. After 2-3 months, you can carefully expand your menu.

There are many reasons why intestinal surgery is performed, but all operated patients are faced with the task of what to eat after surgery.
The postoperative diet is divided into three periods:

1. Lasts 2-3 days after surgery and consists of taking warm, unsalted foods of jelly-like or liquid consistency, no more than 250 g at a time. Reception frequency – 7-8 r. per day. In the first 12 hours, it is forbidden to even drink water. After this time, pureed vegetable first courses and decoctions, compotes without sugar are allowed. The volume of required fluid on 1 day is 2 liters. The next day you are allowed to eat low-fat meat broth and fruit jelly. On the third day, you are allowed to take liquid porridge, fish or meat soufflé, and one egg.
2. The period lasts 7-9 days, and if you feel well, a moderate load on the intestines with solid food begins. It is allowed to eat wheat, oatmeal, rice or semolina porridge with water, meat broths, and low-fat milk.
3. Following the release, The eating regimen must be followed for at least 3 weeks. Preference should be given to steamed foods and low-fat first courses. It is necessary to eat vegetables and fruits carefully to prevent excessive gas formation. After 2 weeks, you can add any dairy products to your diet. Food must be at room temperature.

There is a list of foods that you should abstain from for a long period:

• rich and fresh bakery products, chocolate;
• alcohol;
• fatty provisions;
• smoked meats, spices and salt;
• raw milk, fatty dairy products;
• pasta and legumes;
• raw vegetables;
• nuts and mushrooms;
• cocoa, coffee, soda and cold drinks.

In the first week after surgery, the patient can eat broths, vegetable purees and liquid porridges, juices and herbal infusions.

Acceptable menu for 7 postoperative days:

Day of the week	Nutrition
Monday	Breakfast: dried fruit juice with crackers
	Late breakfast: steamed rice with raisins and dried apricots, fresh berries or apricot juice
	Lunch: liquid soup of assorted vegetables, assorted cabbage, potatoes and asparagus, tea or herbal infusion
	Afternoon snack: baked apples, tea with biscuits
	Dinner: low-fat biokefir
Tuesday	Breakfast: orange juice, pear or peach
	Late breakfast: peach juice, simple salad, steamed oatmeal
	Lunch: pureed lentil soup, steamed chicken cutlets, boiled beets
	Afternoon snack: pearl barley porridge, carrot-beetroot cocktail
	Dinner: green tea, prunes, dried apricots.
Wednesday	Breakfast: oatmeal poured with milk or kefir, warm tea with oatmeal pastries.
	Late breakfast: Carrot and celery salad, lean boiled fish
	Lunch: stewed sweet peppers with carrots, boiled poultry, cabbage salad
	Afternoon snack: rice milk porridge, low-fat yogurt
	Dinner: oatmeal bread with yogurt and berries.
Thursday	Breakfast: carrot juice and some nuts
	Late breakfast: boiled buckwheat, fruit, lightly brewed tea
	Lunch: lean soup, baked eggplant, fruit juice
	Afternoon snack: whole grain bread, some rabbit meat
	Dinner: fermented baked milk with Maria cookies
Friday	Breakfast: juice from apples, carrots and beets
	Late breakfast: zucchini or bell pepper stuffed with rice, unsweetened tea
	Lunch: pickle soup, steamed meatballs, apple and plum compote
	Afternoon snack: rice steamed with raisins, green tea
	Dinner: 250 g yogurt
Saturday	Breakfast: herbal infusion, a piece of dietary bread
	Late breakfast: vegetables, orange or carrot-cucumber juice
	Lunch: pureed soup, cabbage and carrot salad, wheat porridge
	Afternoon snack: zucchini stewed with bell pepper, tea
	Dinner: kefir, baked apples
Sunday	Breakfast: low-fat yogurt
	Late breakfast: cabbage salad, a piece of black bread, fruit juice
	Lunch: bean soup, beet juice
	Afternoon snack: buckwheat, boiled rabbit meat, weak tea
	Dinner: yogurt with oatmeal cookies

INDuring the first postoperative 24 hours, the patient is given only water. On the second day they begin to feed in small and fractional portions.

Forsolving the problem: what can you eat after surgery, several examples are recommended:

Menu option	Nutrition
1 option	Breakfast: oat bran poured with boiling water with the addition of raisins and dried apricots, tea
	2nd breakfast: crackers, cherry juice
	Lunch: shredded cabbage soup
	Afternoon snack: a serving of yogurt or low-fat cottage cheese
	Dinner: steamed meatballs
Option 2	Breakfast: soft-boiled egg, lightly brewed tea
	2nd breakfast: two apples, preferably baked
	Lunch: potato and cereal soup, boiled poultry, fruit cocktail
	Afternoon snack: crackers, rosehip decoction
	Dinner: semi-liquid cottage cheese, tea
Option 3	Breakfast: semolina porridge, green tea
	2nd breakfast: berry soufflé
	Lunch: light lean puree soup, boiled lean meat, fruit juice
	Afternoon snack: steam omelette, baked apple, orange juice
	Dinner: boiled low-fat fish, tea

This menu is saved for 7 days after the operation. For a month after the intervention, it is prohibited to eat foods that promote flatulence, as well as vegetables that can irritate the intestines (onions, garlic).

It is necessary to remove foods that cause blood flow to the pelvis from the diet. It's all spicy, smoked, pickled. It is necessary to give up alcohol.

Compliance with the feeding regimen after gynecological abdominal surgery is of great importance in the restoration of the female body. In the first 24 hours, intravenous injections are administered as needed, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, and food is not allowed. After this period, infant formula can be introduced into the diet.

A little later, you can eat cereal liquid porridge-purees containing fiber. During this period, it is forbidden to take bread, full-fat milk and soda. The menu should be varied with light foods and avoid eating raw foods.

After a week, the diet should be significantly increased by adding leafy greens, low-fat meat and fish delicacies, steamed.

It is advisable to drink a decoction of rose hips and dried fruits. Cranberries and prunes have anti-inflammatory properties and are recommended to be taken during this period.

The postoperative nutritional system scheme is modeled after therapeutic diets for gastrointestinal diseases, only it is somewhat stricter.

INFor the first few postoperative days, it is recommended to refrain from drinking drinks and any food. You can only drink water from a spoon. Liquid foods, mainly broths, are gradually added to the diet. Sour cream is allowed in small quantities.

On the third day, 0.5 liters is allowed. liquid food, for fourths up to 1 liter. After five days, you can eat cottage cheese, semolina porridge and semi-liquid soups. After a week, you can dilute the diet with boiled lean meat and gradually return to the main diet, which consists of boiled and steamed foods with a thin, soft consistency.

Large pieces need to be ground. Acceptable food temperature is neither cold nor hot. It is allowed to eat steamed omelettes, boiled eggs, and cod. A decoction of rose hips and jelly are suitable for drinking. In the first few months, you should take slightly dried bread.

Anything smoked, fatty, spicy or pickled is contraindicated. It is preferable to boil fruits in compote, and choose vegetables without coarse fiber content.

SpecialThere are no diets for people with colostomy. The menu must be selected individually, and the best solution after surgical manipulation will be to return to the usual eating regimen, subject to systematic emptying of the digestive organs. It is advisable to avoid constipation.

It is necessary to eat regularly, choosing foods carefully. During the period of formation of a postoperative scar (1 month), it is necessary to eliminate foods that promote gas formation (rye bread, varieties of cabbage, eggs, onions and garlic, grapes, spicy additives). WITHYou need to be especially careful with fatty and difficult-to-digest foods.

For a normal intestinal reaction to newly introduced foods, you need to consume them gradually. It is necessary to observe moderation in taste preferences, eat food often, but in mini portions.

The first couple of days after the operation, the patient is injected with highly nutritious material intravenously. On the second day, moisten your lips with a damp cloth. On the third day after the operation, you can eat low-fat dishes - chicken broth, grated cottage cheese, non-solid porridge, which is allowed after the peristalsis of the digestive system is restored.

On the fifth day, it is allowed to introduce steamed cutlets and other dietary meat dishes, boiled porridges and other light foods into the food. Laterten days after the procedure, the patient can return to preoperative food.

Your doctor should tell you what you can eat after surgery to remove an inguinal hernia. This is one of the post-operative recovery points that is very important. After herniotomy, you need to monitor your digestion, avoiding diarrhea and constipation and avoiding excessive gas formation.

ShouldRemove the following foods from your diet:

• high-fat, spicy and smoked foods;
• legumes;
• representatives of the fungal family;
• sweet pastries and rye bread;
• soda and alcohol, kvass.

An important component of nutrition is food with a high protein content. After the stitches are removed, you can gradually return to your normal diet under the supervision of a doctor.

After surgical manipulation of the heart, great attention must be paid to feeding.

• meat and lard with high fat content;
• vegetable and butter fats, margarine;
• semi-finished products;
• fatty cheeses;
• fast food;
• salt;
• strongly brewed tea and coffee.

Only olive oil is allowed. It is beneficial for the heart and blood vessels to take fish oil containing omega acids. It is recommended to eat boiled red meat and poultry. The diet should be varied with vegetables, berries and fruits, nuts, prunes, leafy greens, and seafood.

As for dairy products, you can consume them in small quantities and only low-fat ones. From drinks you can drink freshly squeezed juices, herbal infusions, rosehip infusion, infusions of dried fruits, ordinary and mineral water. You need to give up baking.

• the share of saturated fats in the daily calorie intake should be no more than 7%;
• the share of transgenic fats is no more than 1%;
• cholesterol norm is less than 300 g per day;
• the menu should contain foods high in fiber and natural fibers;
• it is necessary to burn extra calories by playing sports;
• Don't get carried away with a high protein diet.

For the speedy healing of wounds, the body needs products containing:

• increased protein content (meat, fish, poultry dishes);
• vitamin A (orange fruits and vegetables, liver, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables);
• vitamin C (citrus fruits, cabbage, bell peppers, tomatoes, green beans, leafy greens);
• zinc (meat and beef liver, seafood, legumes, greens);
• arachidonic acid (pork lard and liver);
• fatty acids (oil and fish oil).

It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the patient, coziness, gentle treatment, and these comprehensive measures will contribute to the speedy recovery of the body.

What you can and cannot eat after heart surgery:

Elena Malysheva will tell viewers what they can eat after surgery:

Non-specialized information. The postoperative period may be divided into early and late. The first of these lasts about three to four days and generally ends by the time the intestines act; the second follows the first and ends after 12-20 days, in other words, by the day of discharge. The period following discharge, ending with restoration of working capacity, may be called the period of convalescence; its duration varies.

In order to better monitor the wound (from time to time, also the contraction of the uterus), at the end of the laparotomy, it is better not to bandage the belly, but to apply a bandage made of several layers of gauze, reinforced with strips of adhesive plaster.

At the end of the operation, the patient is placed in the postoperative ward under the supervision of an attendant or a dedicated nurse.

Postoperative wards should have one to three beds and be located close to the operating room and duty station. Only after minor gynecological operations are completed, patients can be placed in wards with four to six beds, intended, but also for those who underwent surgery relatively recently.

The operated patient is placed on a previously prepared and warmed bed. If necessary, the patient is warmed with heating pads, cardiac supplements, glucose, saline, etc. are administered. At the end of the transection, an ice pack is placed on the belly to reduce pain in the wound and to prevent hematoma. In case of vomiting after the end of anesthesia, a basin, a mouth dilator, and a towel should be ready; the patient lies without a pillow, her head is turned to the side so that there is no aspiration of vomit. For obese people, it is useful to wrap a special towel with ties in front (gurita) over the belly over the bandage.

In recovery rooms, you need to have oxygen ready, which is used at the first signs of cyanosis, increased frequency or shallow breathing. Blood pressure is measured, as is the pulse count, a couple of times during the first six to eight hours after the end of the operation.

Already three to six hours after the end of the operation, pain appears in the wound area. Pain can also occur after minor operations, for example, after colpoperineorrhaphy.

Postoperative pain must be eliminated, since, in addition to anxiety, insomnia and worsening of the general condition, they can lead to secondary pain: flatulence, urinary retention, etc. The negative impact of postoperative pain on the central nervous system has been proven; some surgeons see them as a factor in the development of shock and postoperative psychoses.

If pain occurs early, promedol 2% 1-2 ml subcutaneously is prescribed, and at night morphine 1% 1 ml or pantopon 2% 1 ml subcutaneously.

Some authors use aminazine for pain in the postoperative period. The drug can be prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly (2 ml of a 2.5% solution), and orally 0.025 1 pill 3 times a day the next day after the end of the operation. At the end of the administration of chlorpromazine, blood pressure decreases for a short time.

Vomiting after anesthesia is observed quite often in operated patients and depends on irritation of the gastric mucosa by the narcotic substance. It is recommended not to prescribe anything internally; on the epigastric region - heating pads. In case of vomiting at the end of spinal anesthesia, 1-2 ml of 10% caffeine is injected subcutaneously two to three times in the first days.

No later than 12 hours after the end of the operation, you need to achieve urination. If the patient is unable to urinate herself (into a heated vessel), then urine is produced using a catheter in compliance with all aseptic rules. If urination is delayed in the following days, special measures are required.

The usual postoperative period. Nutrition. In the absence of contraindications - vomiting, post-anesthesia sleep, unconsciousness - a patient who has undergone surgery under general anesthesia, after 3-4 hours (not earlier than 1-2 hours, after the cessation of vomiting) is allowed to drink, preferably warm, strong tea with lemon. At the end of a large blood loss, you need to re-give a lot of fluid: it is important to emphasize that in these patients, vomiting after the end of anesthesia is observed less often, based on this, they need to start being allowed to drink earlier. It is extremely important almost immediately after waking up from anesthesia to force the operated patient to breathe deeply to remove residual ether from the lungs (breathing exercises).

Those who have undergone surgery under spinal or local anesthesia may be allowed to drink after 15-20 minutes. at the end of the operation; it quenches thirst, regulates water metabolism and, in addition, has a positive effect on the psyche of patients.

In order to avoid acidosis, already on the day of surgery it is possible to start feeding patients, and their nutritional regimen is contained in a liquid and semi-liquid diet: sweet tea, broth, jelly, vitamins, milk; the next day in the morning - sweet tea, crackers; on the second and third days, add porridge (rice, semolina), crackers, bread, butter; From time to time, to stimulate the appetite of mild patients, from the fourth to fifth day it is useful to prescribe protein substances in small quantities - caviar, ham. At the end of one or two times the intestinal action, patients are transferred to a non-specialized table.

From the very beginning of the operation, you need to keep your mouth and tongue clean (rinse with a gentle solution of potassium permanganate, clean the tongue mechanically - with gauze wrapped on a spatula).

Bowel regulation. At the end of the laparotomy, if the intestinal impact does not occur spontaneously, a hypertonic or glycerin enema is prescribed for three days.

If the intestines do not work, a cleansing enema of 1 liter of water (with soap) is prescribed or a saline laxative is given.

At the end of vaginal operations with sutures on the perineum, in order to prevent injury to the perineum, it is better to prescribe a laxative instead of an enema, but not earlier than four days after the end of the operation.

Removing stitches. At the end of the laparotomy, the staples are removed for a week, and the silk sutures are removed for eighths. At the end of plastic surgery, the sutures on the perineum are removed early - at five days, since later removal of the sutures can cause them to cut through.

Postoperative complications. Shock (damage to the nervous system) is seen at the end of gynecological operations more often than at the end of obstetric operations, which is partly explained by the shorter duration of obstetric operations and anesthesia during them. In gynecological practice, shock can appear at the end of huge long operations (for example, at the end of an extended hysterectomy for cervical cancer). Collapse (damage to the vascular system, vasomotors) is more often seen in obstetric pathology and at the end of obstetric operations, especially those associated with large blood loss.

Clinically, shock and collapse are very similar, but in shock, consciousness is preserved in most cases; in collapse, it is darkened; in case of shock, the color of the skin is pale yellow, matte; in case of collapse and blood loss, the skin is pale to a marble-shiny whiteness.

In case of shock and collapse, patients are laid to rest with their heads bowed and covered with heating pads; Cardiac drugs are injected under the skin or into a vein - camphor (subcutaneously), caffeine, strophanthin, strychnine. Adrenaline is especially recommended: 1.1000-0.5 ml intramuscularly or into a vein; Due to the short action of adrenaline, it must be re-administered in 0.1-0.2 ml increments. Instead of adrenaline, it is possible to use pituitrin subcutaneously. It tones blood vessels and has a longer effect than adrenaline. To irritate the vasomotor center, it is recommended to inhale carbon dioxide, preferably in the form of a mixture (if there is a special apparatus) of 10% carbon dioxide, 50% oxygen and 40% air. In the future, glucose with adrenaline (intravenous drip method) or some kind of anti-shock liquid is administered. In case of large blood loss and shock, a good remedy is blood transfusion (after restoration of proper blood circulation) in large quantities (up to 1 liter), preferably in two doses.

Secondary bleeding in the torso can be observed at the end of laparotomy, less often after vaginal removal of the uterus, much more often when the ligature slips off the vascular stump; They manifest themselves as symptoms of internal bleeding. The only correct therapy in these circumstances is urgent relaparotomy and ligation of bleeding vessels.

During vaginal surgeries, secondary bleeding will also occur, in most cases through the vagina. In these circumstances, it is possible to plug the latter with gauze. If this does not help, you need to thoroughly expose the bleeding area with mirrors, find the bleeding vessel and ligate it.

Vomiting in the postoperative period is not uncommon and has different origins; therefore, its treatment depends on the circumstances that caused it.

Vomiting at the end of inhalation anesthesia on the initial day after the end of the operation was discussed above. Vomiting that appears later may be an indicator of acute gastric dilatation, incipient peritonitis or intestinal obstruction. The best way to treat vomiting is to rest the stomach; There is no need to introduce any food or medicine through the stomach. To combat dehydration, subcutaneous infusions or drip enemas are prescribed. It is possible to place a heating pad on the stomach area. If there is a huge accumulation of mucus, the stomach is washed using a probe with a solution of soda mixed with a few drops of mint tincture, or a long rinse is prescribed according to Bukatko. In case of vomiting after the end of spinal anesthesia, it is useful to inject 10% caffeine under the skin two to three times a day, 1 ml.

If vomiting is associated with failure to pass gases, it is possible to first apply gastric lavage, inject a hypertonic NaCl solution (10% 50-100 ml) into a vein, and prescribe siphon enemas. In case of vomiting, depending on the onset of peritonitis, the stomach is washed out and penicillin is administered (150,000 IU intramuscularly after three hours). If there is no result, in both cases, without delay, they proceed to (repeated) transection.

The cause of flatulence at the end of laparotomy is the exposure associated with the operation, cooling and injury to internal organs, and the negative impact of non-specialized anesthesia. Quickly performed operations, especially without the use of non-specialized anesthesia, rarely produce postoperative intestinal paresis. In gynecology, postoperative flatulence is much more often observed with intra-abdominal bleeding or with the flow of pus and the contents of cystic tumors into the torso. By the beginning of the third days, flatulence in most cases disappears.

Prevention of this painful complication for those operated on is contained in careful, according to surgical rules, surgery with protection of the abdominal organs, especially the intestines, from pus, and careful handling of the peritoneum and intestinal loops. Preparing patients for laparotomy by prescribing laxatives is usually unnecessary, since they increase intestinal paresis.

A simple remedy against flatulence is to insert a tube into the rectum (12-15 cm), which immediately eliminates one of the causes of flatulence - sphincter spasm. It is excellent to combine the insertion of the tube with thermal procedures, for example, an electric light bath (recommended by Gelinsky). But vigorous heat may be contraindicated if you are prone to uterine bleeding. To stimulate intestinal peristalsis, many surgeons and gynecologists use physostigmine subcutaneously, 0.5-1 ml of a 0.1% solution. It is possible to administer it prophylactically while still on the operating table, and prescribe a glycerin enema days after the operation.

More often, physostigmine is prescribed under the skin once or twice a day in combination with a gas outlet tube and a dry-air bath. If this drug is not at hand, it can be successfully replaced with pituitrin. The effect of pituitrin, in addition to stimulating intestinal peristalsis, is very useful in other respects: it raises blood pressure, promotes urination, which is usually necessary. Pituitrin is administered 0.5-1 ml twice a day under the skin.

As for enemas, they can be recommended at the end of the days after the operation in the form of microenemas from a hypertonic solution of table salt (10% 100 ml) or, much better, in the form of glycerin enemas (one or two tablespoons of glycerin per 1/2 glass of water). Enemas made from pure, undiluted glycerin, recommended by some, greatly irritate the rectal mucosa. If hypertonic, glycerin or simple enemas do not have an effect, move on to siphon enemas, introducing a rubber tube above the internal sphincter; Siphon enemas from a hypertonic (10%) solution of table salt are also very effective.

Most often, postoperative pneumonia and bronchitis are seen at the end of laparotomy, especially long-term ones and performed under non-specialized inhalation anesthesia (aspiration lobular pneumonia). But in addition, vaginal operations performed without inhalation anesthesia can be complicated by bronchitis and pneumonia. To a greater extent, postoperative bronchitis and pneumonia may be helped by thrombosis of the pelvic veins after completion of vaginal operations. Nevertheless, abstaining from inhalation anesthesia in favor of local or spinal anesthesia, without a doubt, reduces the frequency and severity of postoperative complications in the lungs.

Prevention of pneumonia and bronchitis involves protecting patients from cooling, for example during sanitation. It is better to operate patients with bronchitis, emphysema, and pulmonary tuberculosis not under ether anesthesia, but under local anesthesia or thiopental-sodium intravenous drip anesthesia. To reduce the secretion of mucus from the respiratory tract, it is advisable to inject 1 ml of atropine under the skin before surgery under anesthesia.

Upon awakening, the patient is asked to take deep breaths (breathing exercises), prescribed (prophylactically) circular cupping on the chest, cardiac medications under the skin, high position of the upper body (in the absence of contraindications - anemia - and only four to six hours after the end of the operation) . From the very beginning, the operated patients should be turned from one side to the other and should not be allowed to lie on their back for a long time.

Modern treatment of already developed pneumonia is carried out according to non-specialized regimens using sulfonamide drugs in huge doses, penicillin and streptomycin.

Urinary retention can be observed both after laparotomy and after vaginal operations. Postoperative urinary retention cannot be explained by separation of the bladder if it was performed during the operation, since urinary retention is observed without this factor. Quite often, urinary retention is caused by horror of pain while straining to urinate. As stated above, it is recommended to teach patients to urinate while lying down before surgery, which is very useful.

To treat already developed urinary retention, you need to start with simple measures; heating pad on the bladder area, warm microenemas, replanting. The vessel must be served warm so that there is no reflex spasm of the sphincter from contact with a cold object; For this purpose, a little hot water is poured into the vessel.

Medicines used include injection into the bladder of 20 ml of a warm solution of 1-2% collargol or 20 ml of 2% boric acid with the addition of one third of glycerol. It is possible to prescribe intravenous administration of 5-10 ml of 40% methenamine, which quite often gives a positive result. From time to time, subcutaneous injection of 3-5 ml of 25% magnesium sulfate has a beneficial effect. Finally, as with intestinal paresis, a good remedy against urinary retention is the injection of repeated small doses (0.5 ml) of pituitrin under the skin.

If the medications do not have an effect, then catheterization is resorted to. To prevent cystitis, catheterization must be carried out strictly aseptically.

In the postoperative period, pyelitis develops in those operated on using the ascending method from the bladder and the lymphatic method from the intestines, especially with constipation. Bact is seen as the causative agent in 90% of cases. coli; Along with this, right-sided pyelitis is more often observed due to the transfer of infection through the lymphatic vessels from the hepatic curvature or another part of the colon to the pelvis of the right kidney.

Therapy consists of prescribing a milk-vegetable diet, alkaline waters, and heating pads on the lower back; It is recommended to lie on the left side (for right-sided pyelitis); Antibiotics and sulfodimizine are used among medicinal substances.

Postoperative anuria, which develops in rare cases (in persons with renal failure, at the end of a long anesthesia in those who are severely exsanguinated) is in most cases a severe complication and quickly leads to uremia and a fatal outcome.

Small suppurations of the abdominal wound at the end of laparotomy are treated, as in surgery, by removing the sutures and spreading the edges of the wound to the width necessary for the free outflow of pus. A good way to treat suppurating surgical wounds is to irradiate them with a quartz lamp with a gradual increase in the dosage of ultraviolet rays.

If the suppuration is not eliminated after a couple of days and there is a festering fistula, this indicates an infection in the area of ​​the non-absorbable silk ligature (ligature fistula). In these circumstances, it is necessary to remove the ligature under local anesthesia, after which the fistula quickly closes.

When treating a wound, it is better not to resort to packing. In case of widespread suppuration, but not affecting the aponeurosis, the wound is opened, extensively and loosely packed. At a time when the wound is cleaned and the culture from the granulation is sterile, it is possible to apply a secondary suture. This applies not only to wounds at the end of laparotomy, but also to perineal wounds that have separated due to suppuration.

In case of deep suppuration of the subcutaneous tissue with divergence of the aponeurosis (at the end of the laparotomy), the uterus and intestinal loops will be able to emerge into the wound. Treatment is the application of a secondary suture.

Infiltrates of stumps when using catgut instead of poorly absorbable silk are observed at the end of gynecological operations relatively rarely. If infiltrates develop, then there is a danger of infection spreading to the parametrium and peritoneum.

Complete divergence of the abdominal wall wound with the release of the viscera - eventration - is a very rare complication. In 80% of cases, the cause of this severe complication is often cachexia, intoxication, severe anemia, severe metabolic disorders (vitaminosis, diabetes). The pretext for the onset of eventration is coughing and straining. intestinal atony. Eventration occurs in most cases between the 6th and 12th day after the end of the operation, much more often on the eighth day when the sutures are removed. The type of anesthesia and material for sutures do not matter in the origin of eventration.

Almost all obstetrician-gynecologists apply a blind suture when eventration is complete, capturing the skin, tissue and aponeurosis; It is optimal to use knotted, not narrow, silk ligatures. In case of peritoneal phenomena or local suppuration, penicillin should be injected into the wound. Under no circumstances is it necessary to refresh the edges of the wound during eventration and separate the intestinal loops soldered to the parietal peritoneum.

To combat postoperative complications, sleep therapy is recommended. According to the observations of E.M. Kaplun, with sleep therapy the need for catheterization decreased tenfold; the need for an enema and gas tube as a means of combating flatulence has decreased by 2.5-3 times; the strength of the patients was restored much more quickly,

Thromboembolic disease. According to V.P. Mikhailov and A.A. Terekhova, in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic disease, a huge role is played by physicochemical transformations of blood plasma colloids, causing a violation of its stabilization and an increase in coagulability. This disease is often seen in the postoperative period, especially in patients with dilatation of the saphenous veins, a history of thrombophlebitis, with an increase in blood prothrombin, obesity, etc. With the current use of fibrinolytics and anticoagulants (heparin, dicoumarin, neodicoumarin, pelentan), prevention and therapy for thromboembolic disease. The use of anticoagulants is directed under the control of determining the level of prothrombin in the blood; its level should be no lower than 30% when using pelentan or no lower than 50% when treating with dicoumarin (Mikhailov and Terekhova). For the success of prevention and treatment with anticoagulants, early recognition of the clinical manifestations of thromboembolism is fundamentally important. Many cases of pneumonia and pleurisy in the postoperative period should be attributed to embolic processes in the lungs such as infarction. Prevention through anticoagulants should be combined with early active movements in bed; Active behavior and discharge of patients can only be allowed if ROE is below 20 mm and if blood viscosity is not higher than 5.

Therapeutic exercise in the postoperative period. The use of rational physical education in operated patients is of great importance for the prevention of postoperative complications.

According to M.V. Elkin, physical therapy in the postoperative period has the following objectives: to restore normal breathing, reduce the work of the heart, prevent intestinal paresis, postoperative acidosis, ischuria, and adhesions and adhesions due to improved blood circulation in the operation area.

The exercise therapy regimens for operated patients proposed by various authors should be considered only approximate, since in practice certain exercises are prescribed strictly personally, depending on the patient’s condition and the goals pursued by exercise therapy in this case; The attending doctor must give appropriate instructions to the exercise therapy methodologist conducting classes with patients.

In most cases, in the first few days after the end of the operation, the exercises should be simple (breathing, raising the arms, squeezing and unclenching the fingers with flexion and extension of the feet, etc.); It is not yet allowed to strain your abdominal muscles. In the following days (before getting up on days 5-7), the exercises become more complicated. After permission to rise, the patient performs the exercises while sitting on a chair.

Complexes of therapeutic exercises for postoperative gynecological patients are given in various departments, as well as in Gynecology prof. M. S. Malinovsky. We prescribe similar exercises, choosing together with the methodologist personally for each patient or for two to four patients the 3-8 required exercises.

When a person successfully undergoes surgical treatment, the recovery period begins. Many people immediately have questions: what can you eat after surgery? How long after surgery can I eat? In most cases, for this period the patient is prescribed a specific diet that provides answers to these questions. The strict adherence to such a diet is an extremely important factor for a successful rehabilitation process.

Most often, dietary nutrition requires a fractional intake principle, in small but actively repeated portions. On what day after surgery can I eat and follow a diet regimen? Usually you can eat on the third day after a successful operation, but each surgical treatment has its own characteristics.

Depending on the type of surgery, diets vary in nature. Below is a description of the key cases and the corresponding diets for them.

Types of operations

The key types of operations for which a diet can be prescribed are divided according to the actions performed:

1. Cavity treatment.
2. Treatment of the gallbladder.
3. Intestinal treatment.
4. Elimination of appendicitis.
5. Stomach treatment.
6. Removal of the uterus.

What can you eat after surgery from this list? Below is a detailed description.

The main task: saturating the body with essential nutrients and reducing the load on the body, both as a whole and on the cavity for which the operation was performed.

Nutrition composition:

• sweetened tea (lemon added optional);
• rosehip drink;
• freshly squeezed juices, jelly;
• fruit and berry jelly;
• low-fat meat broth;
• boiled rice water.

Principle of food intake: eat small portions, up to seven times a day.

This diet is the main diet after surgery and includes several types: A, B and C.

The description of the 0A diet is given above; the caloric value per day is no more than 780 kcal.

Diet 0B differs in that the diet includes low-fat cream, berry mousses, jelly (non-acidic), cereal porridge in liquid and pureed form, as well as boiled cereal soups, seasoned with chopped boiled vegetables or not too fatty chicken broth. If there are no contraindications, then a protein omelet or meat soufflé is added (steam cooking principle). The principle of taking a diet of this type: no more than 380 grams, up to six times a day, caloric value per day - no more than 1600 kcal.

Diet 0B is unlike the previous ones in that medical nutrition after surgery additionally contains grated boiled meat and chicken products, lean fish, vegetable puree, porridge with milk (liquid type), grated cottage cheese (with the addition of cream), kefir, baked apple products and white crackers. Caloric value per day – no more than 2200 kcal.

What products are contraindicated? These include the following:

1. fatty meat, poultry and fish;
2. strong vegetable decoctions;
3. fresh baked goods;
4. salted and smoked products;
5. canned foods;
6. hot sauces and seasonings.

Goal: limit your consumption of junk food.

Duration: up to three months.

• lean meats and fish;
• weak meat and vegetable broths;
• dried bread;
• fermented milk products (low-fat type).

Principle of food intake: take in small portions, based on the fractional principle of nutrition, up to five times a day.

This diet after surgery involves a fractional principle of food intake. Patients eating according to the principles of the diet should receive at least 80 grams of protein and fat and no more than 400 grams of carbohydrates. Caloric value per day – no more than 2500 kcal.

The following products are prohibited:

1. strong broths (meat and fish);
2. fatty meats and fish;
3. food that is too hot or too cold.

Goal: exclude coarse plant fiber and indigestible foods from the human diet. This postoperative diet allows you to reduce contraction of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce flatulence in the body.

Duration: up to one month.

What to eat after this type of surgery?

The composition of the diet will be as follows:

• grated porridge (for example, buckwheat);
• broth from boiled vegetables;
• light egg dishes;
• jelly and jelly (from apples, pears, quince);
• low strength drinks (non-alcoholic);
• coffee without milk.

Principle of food intake: consume in small fractional portions.

Such postoperative nutrition, according to this diet, is based on fractional meals and is based on liquid homogenized food, which is easily absorbed by the human body.

Foods that should not be consumed:

1. legume products;
2. pasta;
3. carbonated drinks;
4. vegetables and fruits;
5. dairy products and dishes containing dairy products (except cottage cheese);
6. bakery products (except for wheat bread crackers);
7. meat soups (except for steamed meatballs or chopped boiled meat);
8. fatty meat-containing products;
9. fatty or salted fish;
10. fats (you can put only a little butter in prepared dishes).

Goal: saturate the body with useful substances by consuming easily digestible food.

Duration: up to 14 days.

What to eat after this type of surgery?

The composition of the diet will be as follows:

• low-fat broth;
• vegetable broth;
• rice water;
• puree or liquid soups;
• boiled and stewed vegetables.

Principle of food intake: fractional meals, up to 8 times a day.

This postoperative nutrition promotes rapid recovery of the body due to the prompt receipt of necessary nutrients.

1. raw vegetables and fruits;
2. dishes with legumes;
3. dairy products;
4. fried food;
5. spicy and salty foods;
6. too strong drinks.

The purpose of the diet: a gentle regime for the body, relief from stress and gradual adaptation to difficult-to-digest food.

Duration of the diet: up to one month.

Diet composition:

• low-fat broths;
• milk or fruit jelly;
• jelly (fruit);
• cream less than 2% fat;
• boiled soups;
• soft-boiled eggs;
• carrot juice;
• non-acidic fruit juices.

Principle of food intake: take in small portions, up to seven times a day.

Nutrition in the postoperative period includes the principles of the diet used in the treatment of a cavity, and already on the eighth day the above differences come into the diet.

Prohibited products include the following:

1. spicy, salty and fried foods;
2. sour fruit drinks;
3. carbonated drinks;
4. fatty fermented milk products.

The purpose of the diet: relaxation for the stomach, gradually leading the body to more complex foods.

Duration of the diet: up to one month.

Diet composition:

• fermented milk products;
• cereal dishes;
• low-fat broths;
• boiled meat;
• light vegetable salads.

Principle of food intake: food after surgery is taken in small portions, up to seven times a day.

Eating after this type of gynecological surgery controls the amount of fluid consumed and selects a gentle diet for the patient, which allows the body to prepare for the progressive intake of more complex foods.

Why can't I eat certain foods after surgery? This can put stress on the stomach and worsen the overall health of the body. To avoid this, you should not eat the following foods:

1. salty, spicy and fatty foods;
2. pasta;
3. fried food:
4. dishes containing legumes;
5. bakery products;
6. strong alcohol;
7. chocolate.

This article discussed some of the most common operations and a brief description of the corresponding diets for them. Following this description will speed up the positive rehabilitation of the body during the recovery period.