Adoption issues are the most painful and responsible, because, taking on all the hardships of raising a child, people do not fully realize that this legal procedure will change their lives forever. In our country there is not such a widespread desire to become foster parents, as, for example, in the USA, and hundreds of thousands of children continue to be in government institutions - orphanages, orphanages, boarding schools.

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As for adopting a baby from home, the process has the same sequence and principles as when adopting from a maternity hospital. But The orphanage houses children of all ages, facial features have already formed, the color of the eyes and hair has established and appeared. It is understandable that future parents want to choose the child they like, the desired gender and age.

After approval of the candidates, the PLO will be given special permission to visit the orphanage, where you can preview the database, and then get to know a person who needs a family.

If it suddenly turns out that you cannot select a child according to the image formed in your thoughts, you can contact nearby baby houses located in neighboring cities, villages where you can apply with a conclusion about the possibility of becoming adoptive parents.

Having studied the information about the children, their data in the card index in the database, you should look again and again, get to know each other until your heart skips a beat.

Then the court located at the location of the children's institution, at the request of the adoptive parents, with the participation of representatives of the public educational organization, having examined all the documents, will most likely make a positive decision within the period established by law, after which, with a copy of the court decision, it will be possible to take the chosen lucky one home .

If you are going to get married, then the article about changing your last name after marriage will be useful to you.

To ensure that the child considers himself a relative and family relationships are not complicated by the fact that the adopted child finds out about his appearance in the family, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains Article 155, according to which the secrecy of adoption must be respected.

The circle of people aware of this scrupulous legal procedure cannot be called narrow: these are employees of the PLO, orphanages, and courts. To eliminate the human factor and the danger of disclosure, The law allows you to change not only the child’s full name, but also the date of birth, and even the place of birth. The difference in time between the actual and fictitious dates of birth should not exceed three months.

Of course, the secret of adoption makes sense when taking a baby from a maternity hospital or baby home, and if they took a child from a shelter who already remembers a lot and realizes that these are not the people who gave birth to him, then there is no point in creating an aura of mystery around the fact of adoption.

Benefits for adopted children

Adopted children are treated like relatives, therefore the laws of the Russian Federation provide for payments for adoptive parents in the same amounts and terms as for parents in ordinary families - sick leave if the child is taken from the maternity hospital, benefits until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years, etc. .

Adoptive parents can receive a one-time benefit, if they submit an application within 6 months from the date of the trial (from the actual date of adoption), but not a day later. In 2015, this benefit, paid one-time, amounts to 14,497 rubles.

A foster family is one of the forms of arrangement for raising children left without parental care. Citizens who want to foster someone left without parental care are called foster parents...

I. General provisions

1. A foster family is one of the forms of placement in the upbringing of children left without parental care. Citizens (spouses or individual citizens) who wish to foster a child (children) left without parental care are called adoptive parents; a child (children) transferred to a foster family for upbringing is called a foster child, and such a family is called a foster family.

Adoptive parents in relation to the adopted child (children) have the rights and responsibilities of a guardian (trustee).

2. The total number of children in a foster family, including relatives and adopted children, should not exceed, as a rule, 8 people.

3. A foster family is formed on the basis of an agreement on the transfer of a child (children) to be raised in a family.

An agreement on the transfer of a child (children) is concluded between the guardianship and trusteeship authority and the adoptive parents in the form according to Appendix No. 1.

The guardianship and trusteeship authority issues a certificate of the established form to the adoptive parents in the form according to Appendix No. 2.

4. The guardianship and trusteeship body promotes the creation of foster families, provides foster parents with the necessary assistance and monitors the living conditions and upbringing of the child (children).

5. The placement of children in a foster family does not entail the emergence of alimony and inheritance legal relations between adoptive parents and adopted children arising from the legislation of the Russian Federation.

II. Procedure for organizing a foster family

6. Adoptive parents (parents) can be adults of both sexes, with the exception of:

• persons recognized by the court as incompetent or partially capable;
• persons deprived of parental rights by court or limited by court in parental rights;
• removed from the duties of a guardian (trustee) for improper fulfillment of the duties assigned to him by law;
• former adoptive parents, if the adoption was canceled by the court due to their fault;
• persons with diseases that make it impossible to take a child (children) into a foster family.

7. Persons wishing to take a child (children) into foster care submit an application to the guardianship and trusteeship authority at their place of residence with a request to give an opinion on the possibility of becoming foster parents.

The application must be accompanied by:

• a certificate from the place of employment indicating the position and amount of salary or a copy of the income statement, certified in the prescribed manner;
• a document confirming the availability of housing for a person (persons) wishing to take a child (children) into foster care (a copy of a financial personal account from the place of residence and an extract from the house (apartment) register for tenants of residential premises in the state and municipal housing stock or a document , confirming ownership of residential premises);
• a copy of the marriage certificate (if married);
• a medical certificate from a medical institution about the health status of the person(s) who wishes to take the child into foster care. The procedure for examining the health status of persons wishing to take a child into foster care is determined by the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation.

A person applying to obtain a conclusion on the possibility of being a foster parent must present a passport, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, another document replacing it.

8. To prepare a conclusion on the possibility of becoming adoptive parents, the guardianship and trusteeship authority draws up an act based on the results of an examination of the living conditions of persons (persons) wishing to take a child (children) into foster care.

9. Based on an application and an inspection report on the living conditions of persons (persons) wishing to take a child (children) into a foster family, the guardianship and trusteeship authority, within 20 days from the date of filing the application with all the necessary documents, prepares a conclusion on the possibility of becoming foster parents . In this case, their personal qualities, state of health, ability to fulfill the responsibilities of raising children, and relationships with other family members living with them must be taken into account.

If a person (persons) expresses a desire to foster a child with poor health, a sick child, a child with developmental disabilities, or a disabled child, the conclusion must indicate that the adoptive parents have the necessary conditions for this.

The conclusion about the possibility of being foster parents is the basis for selecting a child for the purpose of transferring him to a foster family.

10. The guardianship and trusteeship authority brings the negative conclusion and the refusal based on it to conclude an agreement to transfer the child to a foster family to the attention of the applicant within 5 days from the date of the decision. At the same time, all documents are returned to the applicant and the procedure for appealing the decision is explained.

11. For the selection and training of persons (persons) wishing to take a child (children) into foster care, as well as to monitor the fulfillment of the duties assigned to them, the guardianship and trusteeship authority, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation may create departments for the placement of children for foster care.

12. The guardianship and trusteeship authority provides foster parents with information about the child (children) who can be placed in a foster family and issues a referral to visit the child at his place of residence (location).

When selecting a child (children) from educational institutions and medical and preventive institutions, social welfare institutions or other similar institutions, regardless of their departmental affiliation and organizational and legal form, the administration of these institutions is obliged to familiarize the person(s) wishing to take the child(ren) for upbringing, with the child’s personal file and a medical report on his state of health.

The administration of the institution is responsible in accordance with the procedure established by law for the accuracy of the information provided about the child.

13. For a child transferred to a foster family, the administration of the institution (or the person who has the child) submits the following documents to the guardianship and trusteeship authority:

• child's birth certificate;
• documents confirming the legal grounds for transferring the child to a foster family (death certificate of the parent (parents), a copy of the court decision on depriving the parent (parents) of parental rights, declaring the parents incompetent, missing or deceased, an act confirming that the child was will be thrown in, and others);
• a conclusion on the state of health, physical and mental development of the child, issued by an expert medical commission in the prescribed manner.

14. The basis for concluding an agreement on the transfer of a child (children) for upbringing to a foster family is an application from the person(s) wishing to take the child (children) for upbringing, with a request to transfer a specific child to them for upbringing, which is submitted to the guardianship and trusteeship authority at the place of residence (location) of the child.

The application is accompanied by a conclusion on the possibility of becoming adoptive parents (valid for one year) and the documents specified in paragraphs 7 and 13 of these Regulations.

An agreement on the transfer of a child (children) to a foster family is concluded between the guardianship and trusteeship authority at the place of residence (location) of the child and the adoptive parents.

15. An agreement on the transfer of a child (children) for upbringing to a foster family must provide for the period for which he is placed in a foster family, the conditions of maintenance, upbringing and education of the child (children), the rights and responsibilities of foster parents, responsibilities in relation to the foster family of the body guardianship and trusteeship, as well as the grounds and consequences of termination of such an agreement.

16. Adoptive parents are obliged to raise the child (children), take care of his health, moral and physical development, create the necessary conditions for him to receive an education, and prepare him for independent life. Adoptive parents bear responsibility to society for their adopted child(ren).

17. Adoptive parents (parents) are the legal representatives of the adopted child (children), protect his rights and interests, including in court, without special authority.

The rights of adoptive parents cannot be exercised in conflict with the interests of the child (children).

18. Adoptive parents have the right to place children in preschool educational institutions on a general basis.

19. The agreement on the transfer of a child (children) to be raised in a family can be terminated early at the initiative of the adoptive parents if there are valid reasons (illness, change in family or property status, lack of mutual understanding with the child (children), conflict relations between children and others), as well as on the initiative of the guardianship and trusteeship authority in the event of unfavorable conditions for the maintenance, upbringing and education of the child (children) in the foster family, in the case of the return of the child (children) to the parents, in the case of the adoption of the child (children).

All property and financial issues arising as a result of early termination of the contract are resolved by agreement of the parties, and if a dispute arises, by the court in the manner prescribed by law.

III. Transferring a child (children) to a foster family

20. A child (children) left without parental care is transferred to a foster family for upbringing:

• orphans;
• children whose parents are unknown;
• children whose parents have been deprived of parental rights, have limited parental rights, have been declared legally incompetent, are missing, or have been convicted;
• children whose parents, for health reasons, cannot personally raise and support them, as well as children left without parental care who are in educational, medical and preventive institutions, social welfare institutions or other similar institutions.

21. At the request of persons (persons) who have the necessary conditions, it is possible to transfer to them a child (children) with poor health, a sick child (children), a child (children) with developmental disabilities, a child (children) to be raised in a foster family. - disabled person.

22. When transferring a child (children) to a foster family, the guardianship and trusteeship authority is guided by the interests of the child.

23. The transfer of a child (children) to a foster family is carried out taking into account his opinion and with the consent of the administration of educational and treatment institutions, social welfare institutions and other similar institutions in which the child is located.

The transfer of a child (children) who has reached the age of 10 years to a foster family is carried out only with his consent.

24. Children who are related to each other, as a rule, are placed in one foster family, except for cases where, for medical reasons or other reasons, they cannot be raised together.

25. For each child transferred to a foster family, the guardianship and trusteeship authority or the administration of educational and treatment institutions, social welfare institutions and other similar institutions provide the following documents to the foster parents:

• birth certificate;
• an extract from the child’s developmental history (history of the newborn) about the state of health;
• a certificate about the state of health of the mother and the progress of labor (in case of transfer of the child from the maternity hospital, maternity ward of a medical institution);
• document on education (for school-age children);
• documents about parents (copy of death certificate, verdict or court decision, certificate of illness, search for parents and other documents confirming the absence of parents or their inability to raise their children);
• certificate of the presence and location of brothers and sisters;
• an inventory of the property belonging to the child and information about the persons responsible for its safety;
• documents confirming the assignment of previously occupied living space to a minor;
• a copy of the court decision to collect alimony, documents confirming the right to a pension, a pension book for a child receiving a pension, a document confirming the existence of an account opened in the child’s name at a banking institution.

These documents are transferred directly to the adoptive parents no later than two weeks after the conclusion of the agreement on the transfer of the child (children) to be raised in a foster family.

26. A child (children) placed in a foster family retains the right to the pension due to him (in case of loss of a breadwinner, disability) and other social payments and compensations, which are transferred in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation to accounts opened in the name of the child ( children) in a banking institution.

The child (children) also retains the right of ownership of residential premises or the right to use residential premises; in the absence of residential premises, he has the right to be provided with residential premises in accordance with housing legislation.

27. Guardianship and trusteeship authorities at the location of the property (including living quarters) of the child (children) ensure control over its use and safety.

28. A child (children) in a foster family has the right to maintain personal contacts with blood parents and relatives, if this does not contradict the interests of the child (children), his normal development, and upbringing. Contact between parents and child(ren) is permitted with the consent of the adoptive parents. In controversial cases, the order of communication between the child (children), his parents, relatives and adoptive parents is determined by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities.

IV. Financial support for a foster family

29. For the maintenance of each adopted child (children), the foster family is paid monthly money for food, the purchase of clothing, shoes and soft equipment, household items, personal hygiene, games, toys, books and benefits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for pupils of educational institutions institutions for orphans and children left without parental care.

For a child (children) placed in foster care for one year or more, funds are allocated for the purchase of furniture.

30. Local government bodies, based on established standards of material support, allocate funds for an adopted child (children) at actual prices in a given region.

Local governments, based on the decisions they make, allocate funds to foster families for heating, lighting, routine home repairs, purchasing furniture and paying for household services.

The funds allocated for the maintenance of the adopted child (children) are transferred monthly, no later than the 20th day of the previous month, to banking institutions to the bank accounts of the adoptive parents (parent).

The amount of funds required to support the adopted child (children) is recalculated quarterly, taking into account changes in prices for goods and services.

31. When transferring a child (children) for upbringing to a foster family for a period until he reaches the age of majority, the adoptive parents are paid money until the child (children) reaches the age of 18 years.

32. The amount of remuneration for foster parents and the benefits provided to a foster family depending on the number of children taken into care are established by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

33. Adoptive parents keep records of expenses in writing regarding the receipt and expenditure of funds allocated for the maintenance of the child (children). Information on the funds spent is submitted annually to the guardianship and trusteeship authority.

Funds saved during the year are not subject to withdrawal.

34. To purchase food, the foster family is assigned by the local government directly to bases and stores supplying educational institutions.

We are from Novosibirsk.

Yes, it’s a large family, but we had one child from an orphanage, and the agreement was like a foster family since we have three children.

Good afternoon. I have the following question: since 2004, we have concluded an agreement with our administration (guardianship department) on a foster family; we have two natural children and one adopted child, and this child turned 18 years old on December 1, 2015, but he is currently studying at educational institution “Do our children have the right to free travel on public transport since they all study in different educational institutions?

Hello!!! My “foster family” family took in a boy. The boy is 5 years old, his name is Bogdan, a nice child. He has been living with us for seven months, in fact, according to the documents, 4 months, because... It took 3 months for registration. So, during these four months, only four thousand were transferred per child. I contacted the guardianship authorities, but there was no response. Tell me where I should go best to resolve this problem.

My husband and I organized a foster family. labor is officially disabled. an agreement with the city administration, but I was denied payment of child benefits for the care of children under 1.5 years old due to this very contract. it is legal?

I would like to ask a question: when creating a foster family, am I entitled to paid leave to care for a child up to 1.5 years old? I called the local social security (Asha Chelyabinsk region). I was told that if a foster family, then social security does not reimburse the employer. The same thing is written on the social insurance website for 2007. How to be. For me (I live alone), a foster family is the best option for at least two years, and then, when I go back to work, I can adopt.
Thanks in advance for your answer. On Friday I need to decide what I choose.

If you are in Russia, then they told you nonsense...

Can I be denied custody based on the fact that the child is small (3 years old)? In the DR where he is located, I was told that their children are subject to adoption only, and guardianship is only for close relatives.

Every child has the right to be loved and desired, to grow up surrounded by family, to receive the necessary care and affection. If you decide to foster a child, you have given the child a chance for a happy childhood. The topic of raising an adopted child is surrounded by a lot of controversy and disagreement; many argue that it is hard work with an unknown result, while others say that it is joy and happiness. On the one hand, it should be noted that raising any child does not guarantee successful results, and often their own children cause a lot of disappointment and pain to their parents. The experience of many families proves that raising someone else’s child brings happiness to all family members and fills life with bright colors. Much depends on the “breadth” of your heart, ready to share love, on awareness of potential difficulties, on the willingness to solve them. Let's talk about the basic rules in raising an adopted child.

Adaptation period

If you decide to foster a child and have already done so, be sure that you did the right thing and never regret it; if difficulties arise, look for ways to solve them and do not think about abandoning the baby. The situation can be complicated by the fact that you have to raise someone else’s child, for example, if you are forced to take your husband or wife to raise the child. In this case, remember that the child, too, may not of his own free will, but due to current circumstances, will live with you and he is not obliged to glow with love and a feeling of gratitude for you; he may experience a lot of experiences associated with the breakup or death of his parents. Whatever the reason that you decide to foster a child, you will have to go through several stages on the way to building a close and trusting relationship. And the first will be the period of adaptation.

Adaptation of the adopted baby should be slow, gradual and unobtrusive. Many habits in your family may be strange to an adopted child. Also, the baby is accustomed to a different type of relationship and it will be difficult for him to switch to closer family communication.

If you have adopted a child from an orphanage, you should not immediately give him complete freedom, abandoning all restrictions. Remember that in orphanages there is a fairly strict regime and children are accustomed to strictness, and therefore excessive tenderness and indulgence on your part can quickly turn into uncontrolled permissiveness on the part of the child. Therefore, immediately, tactfully and clearly tell your child about the rules in your family, explain what you expect from him. Do not hesitate to politely but firmly remind them of the existing rules of conduct and routine. As the child adapts to your family, strictness may decrease, giving way to love and affection.

If you are raising a child of your husband or wife, then at the initial stage you can give the initiative in raising the natural parent and play a supporting role. Wait for the child to get used to you; you should not pretend to be your own mother or father; try to establish friendly relations.

The difficulties of raising someone else's child

Bad habits. The first difficulty in raising an adopted child may be bad habits brought by the child from the orphanage. This could include obscene language, the habit of lying and taking things without asking. You should not be too zealous in starting the fight against bad habits, much less punishing the child. It is necessary to gently and tactfully make comments to the child and patiently explain the negative side of such behavior. If it is not customary in your family to use swear words and lie, then the child will soon also give up these habits. If possible, do not often use the method of direct notations and exhortations; a fictional story about fairy-tale characters who had such habits and coped with them may be softer and more effective. Fairy tales and stories, suitable films and cartoons have a great pedagogical effect.

Disobedience and rebellion. If at first the baby may rejoice in finding a family, then soon he may stop obeying and do everything for evil, committing the same bad deeds. You should not get angry, punish the child, much less threaten him, then you can abandon him. A child can really test your strength with his bad behavior, believing that you don’t need him, and you will abandon him at the first difficulties. Do you think this is ridiculous and stupid? But is it so difficult to understand and justify a little person who wants to be loved just like that, despite difficulties and troubles, for real... The way out of this situation can be an open conversation with the child, held in a calm atmosphere at the appropriate time. Tell your child that you love him unconditionally and will always love him, and his bad behavior just hurts both of you, but will not make you give up on him or stop loving him.

Don't demand reciprocal love. You should not immediately expect adoration from the child; it will take time to establish a strong emotional attachment. But be prepared that the baby may not let you go for a minute and refuse to be left alone. This is explained by the fear of being abandoned again.

Difficulties in raising someone else's child are inevitable, just as they are in raising your own child. Be with your baby more often, try to get to know him well, solve problems that arise, and the result will not be long in coming.

Basic rules for raising an adopted child

• the child should feel the unconditional love of his parents, regardless of his successes, shortcomings and behavior;
• respect the child and trust him, be attentive to everything that happens to him;
• the child should never feel fear towards you - categorically refuse harsh educational measures, replacing them with explanations, conversations, restrictions;
• do not abuse prohibitions and punishments - open up the opportunity to explore the world, organize a variety of activities for the child, engage him in interesting activities;
• do not demand ideal behavior;
• develop the child’s strengths, as they grow older, discuss the rules of behavior and agree on them.

The same rules apply when raising a child of a husband or wife.

Patience, love, and smart parenting tactics will help create a happy relationship in your family.

Until now, in our country, despite the efforts of individuals and the state, the number of orphans has not decreased. Every day, refuseniks from maternity hospitals arrive in orphanages, and children whose presence in their family is life-threatening arrive in orphanages. A state institution is a temporary measure, but in no way a way out of the plight of a little person, from whom those closest to him have turned their backs. A child cannot grow up happy outside of a family, which means that more than anything else he needs new, loving parents. In such situations, the only effective measure is a foster family. We are talking about a collective image of all families that implement, take custody, arrange guardianship or resort to any other form of placing a child in a family.

What is a foster family

The following forms of foster families can be distinguished:

• Adoption – a child is accepted into a family as a blood relative. He becomes a full-fledged member of the family with all rights and responsibilities.
• Guardianship – a child is accepted into a family for the purpose of upbringing and education, as well as to protect his interests. He can retain his last name; his natural parents do not receive an exemption from the responsibility for his maintenance. Guardianship is established for children under 14 years of age, and from 14 to 18 years of age guardianship is issued.
• Foster care – a child is raised in a family on the basis of a tripartite agreement between guardianship authorities, a foster family and an institution for orphans.
• Foster family – a child is raised at home by a guardian on the basis of an agreement that determines the period of transfer of the child to a foster family.

The experience of adopting orphans exists, and it is successful. However, the ability to accept a child is not given to every person - you need to listen carefully to yourself and try to find answers to internal questions. If you can’t make a decision on your own, you can always talk to a psychologist. It will help you “look” inside yourself and understand what exactly you need from life. Perhaps this is not at all helping the child, but a desire to satisfy some personal ambitions. In this case, you should not count on adopted children - they are not at all obliged to meet your expectations.

An adoptive family, like any other, may face a number of problems with the arrival of a child. The ability to solve them without loss largely depends on the willingness to accept the little person and on the competence of the adoptive parents. The more clearly people understand what they are getting into when they decide to raise a foster child, the better. Of course, in most cases it will be more difficult for adoptive parents to cope with their functions than for relatives. The reason is simple - children who have experienced a tragedy (be it the death of loved ones, the destruction of a family, or the deprivation of mom and dad of parental rights) experience a deep emotional drama. Staying in an orphanage, where there is not a single relative, causes no less damage to the child’s psyche. There is no one to count on and no one to share experiences with. In child care facilities there are only people doing their jobs. Even if they do it flawlessly, there will be no replacement for parental love.

Adaptation of a child in a foster family

Adaptation in a family lasts on average up to a year and is quite difficult. Illnesses may worsen, unexpected tears and hysterics may arise, denial of everyone and everything (“I don’t want”, “I won’t”, “go away”) and even aggression may appear. All this is natural and will certainly pass over time, provided that the parents are educated and sincerely loved.

Adaptation of a child in a foster family can be divided into several stages:

• The preparation stage, when the child is just visiting new parents, comes to visit before the baby is finally accepted into the family.
  During this period, adoptive parents try to make the child feel comfortable in the house, give gifts, praise and encourage him in every possible way. The child is trying to please the new parents. It is very important not to rush things and not to put pressure on the child to call his parents “mom” and “dad”.
• The stage of crisis when the child begins to behave completely differently than the adoptive parents are used to observing.
  The process is natural and should be considered as the correct development of relationships. If a child shows his bad sides to his new parents, this is a sign of a trusting relationship.
• The adaptation stage when the child begins to feel at home in the new family.
  His appearance and behavior change, the baby becomes independent and more self-confident. It should be remembered that any change in the family can cause psychological trauma to the child.
• The stage of stabilization, when the family finally becomes a family.
  The adopted child is calm, although he may be disturbed by memories of his past life, and the adoptive parents are satisfied with the state of their family.

The best way to “spread the straw” in advance is to acquire contacts of the necessary specialists: doctors, neurologists, psychologists in advance, before the child arrives in the family. And, without hesitation, at the first difficulties, turn to them.

How to become foster parents

Which children are placed in foster care:

• children left without parental care who are in social protection institutions, treatment and preventive, educational or other similar institutions;
• children whose parents, for health reasons, are unable to support and raise them;
• children whose parents have been deprived or limited in parental rights, have been declared incompetent by a court or have been convicted;
• children whose parents are unknown;
• orphans

Algorithm for creating a foster family

• A candidate for foster parents submits to the Department of Guardianship and Trusteeship a package of documents according to the list with an application for issuing an opinion on the possibility of being a foster parent.
• Within 3 days from the date of submission of the above documents, Department specialists conduct an examination of the living conditions of the candidate for adoptive parents and the inspection report is approved by the head of the guardianship authority within 3 days. The inspection report is drawn up in two copies, one of which is sent within 3 days to the citizen who has expressed a desire to accept the child into the family. The inspection report can be challenged by a citizen in court.
• Within 10 days from the date of submission of documents, a decision is made on the appointment of a foster parent or on the possibility of a candidate to be a foster parent, on the basis of which a referral is issued to an organization for orphans and children left without parental care to get acquainted with the child, his personal file and medical report on his state of health.
• If the decision is positively made, the candidate writes a statement of intent to accept the child into the family.
• An organization for orphans and children left without parental care, as a legal representative, sends the child for a commission examination of his health status (as for adoption) and, together with a medical report, with his consent to transfer the child to a foster family, submits a package of documents to the Department for child.
• The department is preparing a regulatory act on the possibility of transferring a child to a foster family: on the appointment of a guardian (adoptive parent) to perform duties for a fee, on the need to pay money for the remuneration due to the foster parent, and for the maintenance of the child.
• The department concludes an agreement with the adoptive parent on the transfer of the child to a foster family and, in addition to the agreement, prepares individual conditions for the transfer of the child, a certificate of the adoptive parent and gives a memo to the adoptive parent with the child’s documents.
• If the candidate is from another municipality, the personal file is transferred to the municipality at the place of actual residence of the adoptive family to assign payment of funds and monitor the conditions of upbringing and maintenance of the child.
• Adoptive parents are assigned monthly cash payments for the maintenance of children placed in foster families, the amount of which in 2013 was 6,543 rubles. 80 kopecks, and a monetary reward due to the adoptive parent in the amount of 2,500 rubles (if a family is raising a child under 3 years old and a disabled child, then an additional payment to the monetary reward is assigned in the amount of 20%).
• Schoolchildren are paid compensation for travel of 310 rubles. 88 kopecks. When placing a child into a family, the adoptive parent is paid a one-time allowance of about 12,000 rubles.

How to adopt a child?

Requirements for adoptive parents

Adoptive parents (parents) can be adults of both sexes, with the exception of:

• persons recognized by the court as incompetent or partially capable;
• persons deprived of parental rights by court or limited by court in parental rights;
• removed from the duties of a guardian (trustee) for improper fulfillment of the duties assigned to him by law;
• former adoptive parents, if the adoption was canceled due to their fault;
• persons with diseases that make it impossible to take a child (children) into a foster family.

Adoptive parents are the legal representatives of the adopted child, protect his rights and interests, including in court, without special powers.

Persons wishing to take a child (children) into foster care submit an application to the guardianship and trusteeship authority at their place of residence with a request to give an opinion on the possibility of becoming foster parents.

The following documents are attached to the application:

• A certificate from the place of employment indicating the position and the average salary for 12 months, or another document confirming the income of citizens;
• An extract from the house register from the place of residence or another document confirming the right to use the residential premises or the right of ownership of the residential premises, a copy of the financial personal account from the place of residence;
• A certificate from internal affairs bodies confirming the absence of a criminal record or the fact of criminal prosecution for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the individual (with the exception of illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, slander and insult), sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual, against family and minors, public health and public morals, and against public safety;
• Medical report on health status;
• A copy of the marriage certificate (if the citizen is married);
• Autobiography;
• A document confirming the availability of housing for a person (persons) wishing to take a child (children) into foster care (a copy of the financial and personal account from the place of residence and an extract from the house book (apartment) book for tenants of residential premises in the state and municipal housing stock or a document confirming ownership of residential premises);
• Written consent of adult family members, taking into account the opinion of children over 10 years of age living together, to accept a child into the family;
• A copy of a certificate or other document on completion of training (except for close relatives of children, as well as persons who are or were guardians (trustees) of children and who were not suspended from performing their duties, and persons who were or are adoptive parents and in relation to whose adoption has not been cancelled).

The first thing every person thinking about adoption needs to do is discuss their desire with the people closest to them: their spouse and children. By the way, the widespread stereotype that only families who are deprived of the opportunity to give birth to their own should raise adopted children is not only far from the truth, but also harmful. On the contrary, families that already have children, have experience in raising children, understand how difficult and time-consuming it is to raise children. But let's get back to family members. Only if consensus is reached, and there are no those left in the house who are “categorically against”, can we move on to action.

The second step is training at a school for foster parents. Finding the nearest one is very simple: just contact the guardianship authority at your place of residence. They will direct you there. On average, classes last two months and this is not only a necessary, but also an enjoyable stage on the path to placing a child in your family. A few weeks before graduation, you can safely start collecting documents. With intensive immersion in this issue (if both spouses take leave for this purpose), the procedures will take one to two weeks.

Medical documents have been completed, a certificate of completion from the foster parents' school has been received - now is the time to return to foster care. The specialist will inspect the living quarters of potential adoptive parents, help fill out forms, write an application and prepare other necessary documents. After this, you will have to wait two to three weeks for a decision. An important point is that future adoptive parents must already at this stage choose the form of placing the child in their family - adoption, guardianship, foster family, and so on. The difficulty of this procedure is that it is impossible to guess in advance what status the child you meet and fall in love will have. If, for example, there is only “adoption”, it is no longer possible to take him under guardianship. Therefore, consult with a specialist on how best to proceed.

Finding a child is the most difficult and lengthy stage. There will be many difficulties, disappointments and worries along this path. Despite the fact that there are about 600,000 children in Russia who live without a family, child care institutions are often in no hurry to part with them. And very often, especially when looking for a child under 3 years old, you will hear from child care specialists “we don’t have children.” Why this happens is the topic of a separate article. The main thing is don’t stop and don’t despair. Do you have children. Do not limit your search only to your place of residence - potential adoptive parents in Russia have the right to search for a child throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. With persistence and faith that you are doing the most important thing in life, your baby will definitely be found. And you will be together.

Experience of adoptive parents

One of the most important aspects of successfully overcoming the difficulties of raising adopted children is communication with other parents who are in a similar life situation. Sharing experiences and feeling “I’m not alone with my problems” always gives strength and helps to look at things realistically. Ideally, you need to find an organization that helps place children and at the same time provides subsequent support for the family. We are talking about all kinds of non-profit foundations, structures and communities of adoptive parents. Communication with like-minded people is very important - both at the stage of making a decision, searching for a child, and at the very beginning of life together. However, you shouldn’t break off the relationship in the future. For adopted children, this is also a unique opportunity to feel at ease and understand that the most beloved and closest ones are not necessarily those who gave birth to you. But definitely those who love, who are nearby every day, from morning to night.

1. Try not to be guided by the opinions of people who are not adoptive parents themselves: they have no real idea about orphans.
2. Do not hesitate to conduct the necessary medical and psychological examination of the child before making a decision. In any case, it is necessary: ​​you need to clearly understand what is to be treated and how.
3. It doesn’t hurt to remember all the time that genes shape temperament, character, and are responsible for health, but not for a person’s destiny. Criminals and drug addicts are the result of upbringing and the surrounding society.
4. Seek help from psychologists and lawyers. Specialists provide free consultations at the Centers for Social Assistance to Family and Children.
5. Do not hurry. In case of doubt, uncertainty or family problems, wait. Resolve your issues and continue to communicate with other adoptive parents.
6. If you cannot “recognize” your child, use your sense of smell. Smells clearly work on an unconscious level, suggesting “my person” or not.
7. Don't try to imagine the image of a child in advance: everything will be completely different from what you expected. And not even as other adoptive parents told you - each case is individual.
8. A child left without parents has a lot of difficult and bad things in his past. He will get rid of this burden gradually, with the help of a new family. Don't rush things - it takes time.
9. Don't expect instant love from your adopted child. The important thing is that you have already changed the life of a little person for the better.
10. Let your child be himself. Observe his interests, talents and help consolidate them. Allow your baby to grow up happy.

Diana Mashkova

When you decide to take custody of a child, you should prepare for this process in advance so that it does not drag on for a long time. Where should you go, what documents should you submit, and what government agencies will help you in the process of adapting your adopted child to the family?

If you have made the final decision that you are ready to take a child into a foster family and become good parents for him, then you should familiarize yourself with all the intricacies of this process. Registration of guardianship or trusteeship is a labor-intensive procedure that can take months, although compared to adoption it seems much simpler, because it does not require a court decision.

First, let's figure out how a foster family differs from other forms of guardianship. The concept of a foster family differs from the usual one in that foster parents have a special contractual relationship with the guardianship authorities and are provided with payment for the performance of their duties. Guardianship and trusteeship are possible over minor citizens. Foster families for the elderly are also being actively created as an alternative to nursing homes.

What are the differences between guardianship and trusteeship? Guardianship is the care of children under 14 years of age, guardianship is the care of children 14-18 years of age. The payment to the family is made once after the child is placed in a foster family. Also, every month parents receive payments for their custody of the child, which should be enough for his maintenance, including the purchase of clothing, household and office supplies. In addition, at the legislative level, foster families are provided with benefits, free sanatorium treatment for children, and recreation in children's camps.

What documents will you need to collect?

On June 17, 1996, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a regulation on foster families. It is not necessary to read the entire Family Code of the Russian Federation, but before starting the guardianship process, you should familiarize yourself with the contents of the foster family provision. There you will find many answers to questions that will arise in the future or have already arisen. The document is small in volume, so familiarizing yourself with it will not take much time, making you more legally savvy.

If you want to start registering guardianship or trusteeship, you should contact the Education Department of your district administration, namely the child welfare sector. There, a foster family agreement will be drawn up with you. This agreement is not considered as a type of ordinary civil transaction, and therefore has a number of features.

The agreement on the transfer of a child to a foster family stipulates the period for which he will live with the guardians, the conditions of his maintenance, education and upbringing, as well as the rights and obligations of the adoptive parents and the grounds for termination of this agreement. Also, the foster family agreement contains information about the child who is being handed over to foster parents: name, age, information about health, physical and mental development. The document also indicates the amount of payments provided to adoptive parents for the maintenance of the child.

In order to obtain guardianship, you will need to collect the following documents:

• statement;
• passport;
• autobiography;
• photograph 30*40;
• Marriage certificate;
• a medical certificate about the condition of all family members where the child will live;
• written consent of the parent (if they are alive and there is no court decision on their incapacity) that they agree to appoint you as a guardian;
• written consent of all adult family members that the ward will live with them;
• a certificate from your place of employment about your position, as well as the amount of your income;
• a copy of the income statement;
• characteristics of the housing condition of your living space and a certificate of family composition;
• registration certificate of the housing premises where the foster family will live.

Be careful when issuing certificates and their validity periods, because some may only be valid for a while.

Who can't be a foster parent?

You should also familiarize yourself with the list of those who will be denied guardianship. The regulations on foster families say that foster parents cannot be:

• persons who have been declared legally incompetent by a court;
• persons who have been deprived of parental rights by a court;
• persons suspended by the court from performing the duties of guardians due to their dishonest performance;
• persons with illnesses that make it impossible to perform the duties of a guardian in a foster family.

In any case, a court decision confirming that you are competent to serve as a foster parent will give you access to the guardianship you desire.

The final stage of registration of guardianship

Within 20 days after submitting the application and all necessary documents, the guardianship authority undertakes to notify you of its decision regarding your case.

After you have collected all the above documents and the transfer of the child to a foster family has taken place, the second difficult stage of the process awaits you. Adaptation to a foster family is a difficult period for both the child and the parents.

A child who was raised in the harsh conditions of an orphanage or orphanage will get used to his new status and will need your support, wisdom and love. Be armed with information and seek the help of a psychologist if you need it. Transferring a child to a foster family is always accompanied by stress for all participants in this process. But soon the foster family for the child will become the place in which he will feel safe.

Department of Family and Youth Policy

A number of organizations have been created to help foster families during the adaptation period, one of which is the Department of Family and Youth Policy. The department's activities include coordination in the field of family policy, making proposals for improving the legal framework on issues of guardianship and guardianship, and conducting various programs aimed at strengthening families, including adopted ones.

The Department of Family and Youth Policy helps place orphans in foster families, coordinates and methodologically provides local government bodies with respect to wards, and protects the rights of wards in families. If an adopted child in a family experiences any difficulties, the department will always find somewhere to direct the energy of the developing child. And believe me, the energy will be directed in the right direction.

The Department of Family and Youth Policy involves young people in social policy and informs them about potential development opportunities. By maintaining contact with this body, you will always find something for your child to do, whether he is interested in theater, sports or English. The department employs hundreds of specialists. Don't forget that the foster family of 2012 is not an island in the ocean, it is a part of the mainland that is interconnected with a whole network of other families. You are not separated from society. Please know that you can always turn to the Department of Family and Youth Policy for help. Your child's socialization can go much faster with the help of specialists.