Analyzes at 1 week of pregnancy are an exciting process, and, in general, the main task is to make sure whether a pregnancy has come or not. The first analysis that can be done at home is to do a pregnancy test. But, in the first week after fertilization, the test will not yet give a positive result, since the fertilized egg has not yet taken root in the uterine lining. Only after the attachment of the egg does hCG begin to be released, and it is this hormone that indicates the onset of pregnancy. It is best to resort to using an express test already in the first week of a delay in menstruation.

The most reliable way to confirm pregnancy is a blood test for the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). In the first weeks, its concentration will be from zero to five IU / ml. In the future, depending on the growth of hCG, it is possible to establish the most accurate gestational age.

Ultrasound in the first week of pregnancy is ineffective as a diagnostic method. A woman can be sent for an ultrasound scan in order to exclude fibroids, cystic and tumor formations, blood clots in the uterus.

If a pregnancy was planned, while waiting for its confirmation, you need to beware of colds and infections, give up bad habits, medications, not get nervous and not overwork, take vitamin complexes.

Tests at the 2nd week of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers take tests at the 2nd week of pregnancy at the same time as they register with the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests:

According to the data of analyzes and a survey of the pregnant woman, an individual plan for the supervision of pregnancy is drawn up, with a couple of the diseases suffered and the existing pathologies.

Tests at the 3rd week of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers take tests at the 3rd week of pregnancy at the same time as they register with the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests:

• Conducting an analysis for hCG (from the 7th day after the alleged fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the most accurate timing.

Ultrasound examination (according to indications, if pregnancy is planned) - to make sure that there are no cystic and tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, as well as to exclude other anomalies of the reproductive system, as well as to exclude an ectopic pregnancy.

If, according to hCG data, pregnancy is confirmed, then appointments are issued for the delivery of the following tests:

• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Testing for TORCH infection.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is also recommended to visit narrow-profile doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - in order to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 4 weeks of gestation

Many expectant mothers take tests at the 4th week of pregnancy at the same time as they register with the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests:

• Conducting an analysis for hCG (from the 7th day after the alleged fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the most accurate timing.
• Ultrasound examination - to make sure that there are no cystic and tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, as well as to exclude other abnormalities
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Testing for TORCH infection.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical analysis, determining the level of sugar in the blood, determining the blood coagulability.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• It is also recommended to visit narrow-profile doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - in order to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at the 5th week of pregnancy

Many mothers take tests at the 5th week of pregnancy at the same time as they register with the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests:

• Conducting an analysis for hCG (from the 7th day after the alleged fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the timing.
• Ultrasound examination. It is performed to make sure that there are no cystic and tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, and also to exclude other anomalies of the reproductive system. And most importantly, the exclusion of an ectopic pregnancy.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Testing for TORCH infection.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is also recommended to visit narrow-profile doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - in order to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 6 weeks of gestation

Analyzes at the 6th week of pregnancy provide for a further visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother, who fixes the pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.

Analysis at the 7th week of pregnancy

Analyzes at the 7th week of pregnancy provide for a further visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother, who fixes the pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Carrying out a pregnancy test at home (you can buy it at a pharmacy, the test is indicated if your period is delayed by 7-10 days)
• Carrying out an analysis for hCG (from the 7th day after the alleged fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 5 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at the 8th week of pregnancy

Analyzes at the 8th week of pregnancy provide for a further visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother, who fixes the pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Conducting a pregnancy test (you can buy it at the pharmacy, the test is indicated if your period is delayed by 7-10 days)
• Carrying out an analysis for hCG (from the 7th day after the alleged fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 5 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at the 9th week of pregnancy

Analyzes at the 9th week of pregnancy provide for a further visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother, who fixes the pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 10 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 10th week of pregnancy provide for a further visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother, who fixes the pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 11 weeks of gestation

Analyzes at the 11th week of pregnancy provide for a further visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother, who fixes the pregnancy in the antenatal clinic, should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 12 weeks of gestation

Tests at 12 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 13 weeks of gestation

Tests at 13 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at the 14th week of pregnancy

Tests at the 14th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Biochemical analysis, determination of sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW
• Urine collection for general analysis and kidney function tests. An analysis in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 15 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 15th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Conducting an ECG.
• Conducting an analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.

Tests at 16 weeks of gestation

Tests at 16 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned, 12-14 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the duration of pregnancy, the number of fetuses, to confirm the absence of physical anomalies in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Separately, a consultation with related specialists is shown - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if the consultation of these doctors was not received earlier or a course of sanitation is required).
• Conducting an ECG.
• Conducting an analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining the level of sugar in the blood.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is imperative to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help in the early stages to provide information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the moment of the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 17 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 17th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Separately, a consultation with related specialists is shown - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if the consultation of these doctors was not received earlier or a course of sanitation is required).
• Analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infectious diseases as indicated by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• General, biochemical analysis, determination of blood sugar.
• Analysis for blood group and Rh of a pregnant woman.
• Analysis for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is imperative to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help in the early stages to provide information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the moment of the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 18 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 18th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Separately, a consultation with related specialists is shown - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if the consultation of these doctors was not received earlier or a course of sanitation is required).
• Conducting an ECG.
• Conducting an analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.

• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining the level of sugar in the blood.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is imperative to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help in the early stages to provide information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the moment of the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at the 19th week of pregnancy

Tests at the 19th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Separately, a consultation with related specialists is shown - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if the consultation of these doctors was not received earlier or a course of sanitation is required).
• Conducting an ECG.
• Conducting an analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.

If at this time a woman is only getting registered, then it is recommended:

• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining the level of sugar in the blood.
• Determination of the blood group and rhesus of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is imperative to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help in the early stages to provide information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the moment of the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at the 20th week of pregnancy

Tests at the 20th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys.
• Separately, a consultation with related specialists is shown - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if the consultation of these doctors was not received earlier or a course of sanitation is required).
• Conducting an ECG.
• Conducting an analysis for hormones as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as indicated by a doctor.
• If at this time a woman is only getting registered, then it is recommended:
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining the level of sugar in the blood.
• Determination of the blood group and cut of the pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is imperative to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help in the early stages to provide information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the moment of the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 21 weeks of gestation

Tests at 21 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Separately, a consultation with related specialists is shown - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if the consultation of these doctors was not received earlier or a course of sanitation is required).
• Conducting an ECG.

Tests at 22 weeks of gestation

Tests at 22 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Conducting an ECG.
• Blood donation for hormone analysis is carried out if there is a threat of miscarriage or the formation of intrauterine fetal pathologies.

If necessary, the expectant mother can be assigned additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if a woman is worried about complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 23 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 23rd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• A separate consultation is shown with related specialists - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
• Conducting an ECG.
• Blood donation for hormone analysis is carried out if there is a threat of miscarriage or the formation of intrauterine fetal pathologies.

If necessary, the expectant mother can be assigned additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if a woman is worried about complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 24 weeks of gestation

Tests at 24 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• A separate consultation is shown with related specialists - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
• Conducting an ECG.

Tests at 25 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 25th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned, 24-26 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, to confirm the absence of fetal abnormalities, to assess the condition of the placenta and the place of its attachment.
• Blood donation for a clinical blood test to control the level of hemoglobin.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• A separate consultation is shown with related specialists - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if this was not done at 24 weeks).
• Conducting an ECG.

Tests at 26 weeks of gestation

Tests at 26 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned, 24-26 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, to confirm the absence of fetal abnormalities, to assess the condition of the placenta and the place of its attachment.
• Blood donation for a clinical blood test to control the level of hemoglobin.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• A separate consultation is shown with related specialists - a therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
• Conducting an ECG to assess the work of the cardiovascular system of the expectant mother.

If necessary, the expectant mother can be assigned additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if a woman is worried about complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 27 weeks of gestation

Tests at 27 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned, 24-26 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, to confirm the absence of fetal abnormalities, to assess the condition of the placenta and the place of its attachment.
• Blood donation for a clinical blood test to control the level of hemoglobin.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother can be assigned additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if a woman is worried about complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 28 weeks of gestation

Tests at the 28th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned, 24-26 weeks after 1 day of the last menstruation). It is carried out in order to obtain data on the height and weight of the fetus, its position and presentation, to have an idea of ​​the amount of amniotic fluid, the sex of the unborn baby is determined.
• Blood donation for a clinical blood test to control the level of hemoglobin.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother can be assigned additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if a woman is worried about complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at the 29th week of pregnancy

Tests at the 29th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a month. On the term, the expectant mother should carry out the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• The delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and check of kidney functionality should be done before each visit to the antenatal clinic. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother can be assigned additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if a woman is worried about complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 30 weeks of gestation

Tests at 30 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once every two weeks. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine of a pregnant woman for a general analysis and checking the functionality of the kidneys. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

At the same time, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written down results of all tests and examinations, if 30 weeks have passed since the first day of the last menstruation. On the basis of this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the hospital, it is better to always have it with you. Also, during this period, a decree is issued for working women (or students) - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Tests at 31 weeks of gestation

Tests at 31 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once every two weeks. At this time, the expectant mother undergoes the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 32 weeks of gestation

Tests at 32 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once every two weeks. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests and analyzes carried out as prescribed by a doctor:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine for a general analysis and check the functionality of the kidneys.

Tests at 33 weeks of gestation

Tests at 33 weeks of gestation must be taken systematically, without breaking the schedule. You need to visit the doctor who supervises the pregnancy once a week. At this time, upon visiting the antenatal clinic, the pregnant woman should carry out:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine for a general analysis and check the functionality of the kidneys.
• Doppler sonography (according to a doctor's prescription) - to assess the state of the vessels of the uterus, blood circulation in the placenta and the fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen deprivation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (according to a doctor's prescription). This study evaluates the timing of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 34 weeks of gestation

Tests at 34 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a week. At this time, the expectant mother should undergo the following mandatory tests and analyzes carried out as prescribed by a doctor:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Delivery of urine for a general analysis and check the functionality of the kidneys.
• Doppler sonography (according to a doctor's prescription) - to assess the state of the vessels of the uterus, blood circulation in the placenta and the fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen deprivation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (according to a doctor's prescription). This study evaluates the timing of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 36 weeks of gestation

Tests at 36 weeks of gestation include a visit to the doctor in charge of the pregnancy once a week. At this time, the expectant mother undergoes the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination. It is carried out in order to obtain data on the height and weight of the fetus, its position and presentation, to have an idea of ​​the amount of amniotic fluid.
• Donating blood for AIDS (HIV) and syphilis. This is necessary to eliminate the likelihood of infection during pregnancy and to protect the unborn child.
• Donating blood for biochemistry. This makes it possible to get an overall picture of the health of the pregnant woman.
• Delivery of a vaginal smear to determine the microflora of the vaginal mucosa.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• Doppler sonography (according to a doctor's prescription) - to assess the state of the vessels of the uterus, blood circulation in the placenta and the fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen deprivation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (according to a doctor's prescription). This study evaluates the timing of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Also, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the entered results of all tests and examinations carried out, if 30 weeks have passed since the first day of the last menstruation. On the basis of this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the hospital, it is better to always have it with you. Also, for this period, a decree is drawn up - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Tests at 37 weeks of gestation

Analyzes at 37 weeks of gestation include several stages. At this time, the baby is almost completely formed and viable. At this stage, analyzes are aimed at monitoring the condition of the mother and fetus, preventing the development of anemia in the mother and oxygen starvation in the baby. If necessary, hospitalization of the expectant mother before the onset of childbirth is indicated.

At the 37th week of pregnancy, a pregnant woman is supposed to carry out the following tests:

• Consultation with a doctor in charge of pregnancy, once a week with the obligatory measurement of blood pressure, the height of the fundus of the uterus, weighing, auscultation of the fetal heart rate.
• Delivery of urine for a general analysis and check the functionality of the kidneys.
• Delivery of a vaginal smear - for the analysis of the microflora of the vaginal mucosa on the eve of childbirth.
• Doppler ultrasonography - to assess the state of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and the fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen deprivation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (as indicated by a doctor) - assessment and recording of the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions.

Also, at 37 weeks, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written down results of all tests and examinations. On the basis of this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the hospital, it is better to always have it with you. Also, for this period, a decree is drawn up - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the fundus of the uterus, listen to the heart rate of the fetus.
• The expectant mother must pass urine for a general analysis. Urine analysis can be considered normal, in which there is no protein, sugar, leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Do a Doppler ultrasound to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterus, placental circulation and blood flow of the fetus. This is necessary in order to prevent the development of oxygen starvation in the fetus.
• Conduct cardiotocography. This study evaluates the timing of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 39 weeks of pregnancy should not be missed, this is the easiest and most harmless way to monitor the condition of the unborn child and mother.

A pregnant woman must pass a general urine test - in order to exclude the likelihood of inflammation, kidney dysfunction and not to miss such a serious condition as late toxicosis, which is very dangerous for the health of the baby and the mother. Normal urine analysis can be considered, in which there is no protein, sugar of leukocytes. If leukocytes are found in the urine, an additional smear from the vagina is prescribed for the microflora - this allows you to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

A general blood test is also required to control the change in the percentage of formed elements, specifically, erythrocytes, so as not to miss the anemia that provokes oxygen deficiency in the fetus.

Measurement of pressure, cardiogram of the heart of a pregnant woman are also mandatory tests. Also, according to the appointment of an obstetrician-gynecologist who oversees pregnancy, an analysis for hepatitis B and C, a bacteriological smear of vaginal discharge may be prescribed.

Tests at 40 weeks of gestation

Analyzes at 40 weeks of gestation are prescribed according to individual indications. At 40 weeks, the unborn child is already ready for childbirth, his weight is 3-3.5 kg, and his height reaches fifty to fifty-five centimeters. The kid is quite active during these periods, his back, legs, arms, head are felt. The position of the child in the uterine cavity is very well manifested.

You need to visit the doctor who oversees the pregnancy only once a week. The examination includes standard procedures - the pregnant woman must weigh herself, measure her blood pressure, the doctor measures the height of the uterus, listens and records the fetal heartbeat. Before visiting a doctor, you also need to take urine for a general analysis to assess the state of the excretory system and assess kidney function.

Doppler ultrasonography is performed only if there is a suspicion of prolonged pregnancy. With the help of this method, information is obtained about the state of blood circulation in the uterus, about the blood flow of the placenta and the blood flow of the unborn child, and most importantly, this way you can find out if the fetus is suffering from oxygen starvation.

Cardiotocography is also carried out according to indications if there is a suspicion of fetal prolongation. Using this method, the condition of the unborn child is also assessed in order to exclude oxygen starvation.

In order to monitor the state of health of a woman and a child, medical specialists have developed a mandatory list of tests during pregnancy by week, which provides for an assessment of the development of the embryo inside the womb. If there is a threat of disruption or danger of premature birth, more in-depth additional studies are prescribed.

List of tests for the first trimester of pregnancy

Basically, after conception, a woman seeks a doctor from 5 to 11 weeks. Before this period, it is quite difficult to determine the onset of pregnancy at home. During this period, until the 12th week, the doctor sends for an ultrasound examination, where the parameters of the intrauterine development of the embryo are recorded and entered into an exchange card, which is necessary for dynamic tracking of the course of gestation.

In parallel with the ultrasound, the leading gynecologist writes out many other directions for tests during pregnancy, a list is provided by week:

1. A general urine test is taken at almost every doctor's appointment. The study of urine allows you to quickly assess the state of the genitourinary system, since it is the kidneys that experience the greatest stress during pregnancy. First of all, the appearance is evaluated, which assumes the presence of a light yellow tint, without obvious cloudy impurities. When diagnosing deviations, the collection of the daily urine rate can be assigned.
2. A general blood test is taken from a finger three times for the entire 9-month period of pregnancy, if, according to indications, additional sampling of material for research is not required. When studying blood, the level of hemoglobin is determined, since a low indicator is often associated with anemia, iron deficiency, which is dangerous for a child with hypoxia. The number of erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes and ESR is estimated. Any deviation in the parameters may indicate an infectious process in the body or a serious illness.
3. Biochemical analysis of venous blood allows you to determine abnormalities in the work of the kidneys by the level of creatinine and urea. Increased levels of bilirubin indicate problems in the functioning of the liver.
4. An analysis is carried out to determine the Rh factor of both parents in order to identify the Rh conflict, which is dangerous for the developing fetus in that antibodies can be produced that will perceive the embryo as a foreign dangerous body. In the presence of a conflict, the study is carried out regularly, every two months.
5. An analysis for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis is given at the beginning of pregnancy and before childbirth at 30-35 weeks of gestation. When diagnosing any of the diseases at an early stage, a planned interruption of gestation is recommended, at a later stage, drug therapy is prescribed.
6. Coagulogram provides information about the blood coagulation system, because during gestation, the risk of blood clots increases.

Among the mandatory activities, it is worth highlighting a visit to highly specialized specialists, such as an endocrinologist, therapist, ophthalmologist, dentist, and an electrocardiogram is also performed. In addition, during the initial visit to the gynecologist, in addition to collecting anamnesis, a smear is taken on the microflora.

Doctors strongly recommend additionally taking a blood test for TORCH infections (rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes and others). Since this examination is not mandatory, the presence of such diseases entails the threat of miscarriage and the formation of intrauterine malformations in the fetus.

List of tests for the last months of pregnancy

Analyzes during pregnancy by trimester are carried out in order to identify pathologies, and after the first three months, when the main studies are done, such a thorough examination is not required if no diseases are detected or there are no complaints.

In the second trimester, the last compulsory ultrasound examination is performed to monitor intrauterine development. Urine and blood are taken for analysis, blood pressure, the height of the fundus of the uterus and the circumference of the abdomen are measured. The data is entered into an exchange card in order to track the dynamics of the formation of the baby.

In the third trimester, namely at week 28, a glucose tolerance test is performed, which will assess the presence of gestational or diabetes mellitus. The study is carried out on an empty stomach with blood sampling from a finger or from a vein, if necessary, a stress analysis is performed, when a pregnant woman needs to drink a glucose solution.

At the last stage of pregnancy, the load on the female body increases. If there is a slight suspicion of abnormalities, repeated tests may be prescribed. If the gynecologist has identified an incorrect presentation of the fetus, then another screening is performed using an ultrasound scan, based on the results, a decision is made on the method of delivery.

I don’t understand the indignation of mothers at the fact that they are not allowed to breastfeed in a public place. For a minute, don't give food, and don't give to bare your breasts. Of course, a hungry child has the right to satisfy his hunger at any time convenient for him, and his mother has the right to feed her child where and when and where she sees fit. But why should you defiantly bare your breasts? If you are a nursing mother, you probably assume that the time will inevitably come to feed your child, well, take a cape, scarf, snood with you, but at least a fan, well, something to cover up if necessary. In the end, if it so happens that you have nothing with you, step aside, turn away, choose a place that is not so crowded so as not to be embarrassed yourself and not to embarrass people. As for the specific situation in the museum, then the question, in my opinion, is controversial. Here, oddly enough, I am on the side of my mother. Simply because there is absolutely nothing to object to her. Indeed, what indecency in connection with bare breasts can we talk if families with children come to the Tretyakov Gallery and from the paintings of Rembrandt, David Michelangelo, without a fig leaf, they do not turn away in embarrassment, do not close their eyes, etc. But this is so, as a trolling, to annoy the administration of the museum and the public. In general, I would not drag a baby into a public place during the ARVI season, and then, if the incident took place in the Tretyakov Gallery, then there are sometimes such queues at the cashier, sometimes you can stand on the street for an hour. Why torture a child. And then, after all, it would be possible to step aside again, why feed the baby demonstratively in a crowd of people? Feeding babies is such an intimate moment that does not tolerate prying eyes, strangers, not always positive thoughts, etc. But this, of course, is a personal matter for everyone. I do not know all the details, but in the place of the museum staff, I would never have a row with a nursing mother, and if her behavior, in their opinion, somehow violated the order established in the museum, I would (if I were an employee) offered her stole, scarf, or would take her to a more secluded place. Well, if a nursing mother would start to scandal in response to my (as a museum employee) proposals, defending her rights, she would leave her alone. Why take a sin on the soul, enter into a skirmish with her, make her nervous, ultimately, everything will be reflected on the baby, it turns out that with your actions you harm the baby, what is it for?

A double strip on the test most often prompts a woman to see a gynecologist so that "everything is fine." The task of the doctor is to identify all risk factors, to prevent the development of complications of pregnancy until the moment of childbirth. For this purpose, a detailed examination is carried out. The list of tests during pregnancy by week is the same for all doctors in Russia, medical tactics are very similar in almost all countries of the post-Soviet space.

It is preferable if a woman visits a gynecologist and doctors of related specialties even before pregnancy to determine the level of her health and the presence of diseases. However, planning has not yet "settled" in the mentality of most women, so you have to "learn" a lot of new things about yourself already during pregnancy.

What are they needed for

Some women do not understand why additional tests are needed during pregnancy, because they gave birth earlier without any examination. But maternal mortality, as well as the frequency of intrauterine death and children born with defects, were an order of magnitude higher. To avoid such complications as much as possible, each pregnant woman is examined from head to toe. It is interesting that very often diseases are found that the woman did not even know about.

Tests during pregnancy allow the following.

• In the 1st trimester. Determine the woman's health status and whether she can safely carry the baby. Risk factors and probable complications of gestation are individually determined. If necessary, treatment of diseases or correction of conditions is carried out. Additional examination allows you to identify the degree of development of the embryo, to identify defects. 12-14 weeks of pregnancy is a start for a woman, which indicates that she has a chance to give birth to a healthy baby. According to the survey, a management plan is drawn up for the entire gestation period.
• 2 trimester. The purpose of the survey at this time is somewhat different. Minimal tests are carried out to track how well a woman's body is coping with the load. At this time, it is important not to miss the tendency to miscarriage or later to premature birth. The stage ends with a control ultrasound of the fetus, which confirms that the baby is developing successfully.
• 3 trimester. At this time, the child is already large enough, the load on the mother's body increases significantly. The doctor's task is to track the condition of the fetus (CTG monitoring, ultrasound) and the function of the mother's vital organs. It is important to identify complications in time, such as preeclampsia, thrombosis. In the presence of chronic diseases at this time, the question of early delivery may arise if the woman's body cannot cope or the fetus suffers.

Despite the fact that there are uniform recommendations for the management of pregnant women, each case has its own nuances. Especially if a woman has chronic diseases or constantly needs to correct the drugs taken, for example, with diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension. The number of visits to the gynecologist and the list of tests can vary significantly based on the specified state of the woman's health.

Examination of healthy

The majority of pregnant women are young and do not have a baggage of diseases. After 35 years, there are more often those who need a special approach to the management of gestation for a successful outcome, even if the first pregnancy and childbirth were once ideal.

The list of tests for healthy girls is minimal, as is the number of visits to the doctor.

When registering

Optimally, if the girl comes to register for a period no later than 12 weeks.
But if later, the list of examinations does not change, because the doctor needs to find out the complete picture of the health status of the expectant mother.

Analyzes during early pregnancy are the most numerous, since they include the entire list of possible ones. Namely:

• general urine and blood analysis;
• blood glucose;
• blood chemistry;
• coagulogram;
• blood for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis;
• examination for genital infections;
• vaginal smear for flora;
• smear for oncocytology from the cervix;
• analysis for blood group and Rh factor;
• bacteriological culture of urine for flora;
• blood for thyroid hormones;
• serum iron and ferritin;
• the size of the pelvis is measured;
• examination for TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes of the first and second types).

In addition, examination by narrow specialists is necessary:

• therapist after the performed cardiogram (ECG);
• the pressure, height, weight are specified;
• ophthalmologist;
• dentist;
• if necessary - surgeon, cardiologist.

Based on the conclusions of specialists and the results of analyzes, the gynecologist determines the necessary additional examination. From 11 weeks to 14 weeks, the first screening ultrasound is performed. It is important to rule out Down syndrome and other serious genetic abnormalities. Additionally, an AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) test may be performed, an increase in which indicates the likelihood of developing fetal malformations.

After that, the woman can be referred to a geneticist. The indications for this are as follows:

• revealed pathology by ultrasound;
• the woman's age is over 35;
• the presence of disabled children in the family;
• malformations, chromosomal or serious somatic diseases in future parents.

A geneticist can determine the indications for amniocentesis (puncture of the anterior abdominal wall and water intake for research) or for chorionic biopsy (a method of conducting a trip to amniocentesis, but a small section of the chorion is additionally excised and examined).

After the first visit, a woman should come to the appointment within 10 days with a maximum examination on her hands. The next appointment can be scheduled in six to eight weeks.

From 14 to 26 weeks

Closer to 20 weeks, the pregnant woman undergoes some tests and examinations again:

• general analysis of blood and urine;
• blood glucose;
• coagulogram;
• Ultrasound of the fetus, if necessary - ultrasound of the baby's heart.

Starting from 20-22 weeks, at each visit to the antenatal clinic, the midwife or doctor measures the BMR (the height of the bottom of the uterus) and the coolant (abdominal circumference), blood pressure and weight of the pregnant woman, and gives a referral for a general urine test. According to these elementary studies, one can suspect or even reveal the pathology of pregnancy. The frequency of visiting a doctor is once a month.

From week 26

By the time she receives maternity leave, the woman undergoes a second extended examination. It includes:

• general analysis of blood and urine;
• blood chemistry;
• blood for syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HIV;
• vaginal smear for flora.

It is necessary to visit the therapist again. In case of negative results for TORCH infection, a study is repeated in order to exclude infection during this time. It also measures pressure, weight and height, coolant and WDM.

Starting at 28 weeks, at each visit, the pregnant woman records a CTG - a cardiotocogram, which reflects the fetal heart rate and other indicators by which one can judge the baby's well-being.

On the eve of childbirth

At 34-36 weeks of pregnancy, the last control studies are carried out, after which the woman comes to the consultation only with a ready-made urine test. In the later stages, the same tests are performed as were performed at 28-30 weeks during pregnancy, with the exception of hepatitis.

It is also necessary to visit a therapist for the last time and perform an ultrasound scan - from 32 to 35 weeks. In this case, a study of the blood flow rate in the uterine, placental and fetal vessels is carried out. Based on this, it is determined whether there is a risk of fetal suffering.

After 34 weeks, doctor visits are usually weekly. At the same time, weight is carefully monitored (for latent edema and the development of preeclampsia), pressure, fetal CTG, coolant and WDM. Deviations in any of the indicators can lead to hospitalization of a pregnant woman.

Research for the husband

In addition to the woman, the partner - the father of the unborn child - must undergo a minimum examination. It includes the following:

• fluorography at least a year ago;
• testing for HIV and hepatitis;
• determination of blood group and rhesus, if a woman is negative.

If there are chronic diseases

If a woman has any chronic diseases, the frequency of her observation and examination changes. In addition to the main list, the list is added according to the existing pathology, which can be seen from the table.

Table - Analyzes during pregnancy by timing in women with various ailments

Features or diseases	Additional examination	Periodicity
Rh negative blood type	- Blood for Rh antibodies	- Once a month for up to 30 weeks; - every two weeks after 30 weeks; - weekly after 34 weeks
Anemia	- Every 14-21 days	- Complete blood count and examination by a therapist; - if necessary, consultation with a hematologist
Varicose veins	- Ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities
Myoma of the uterus	- General blood analysis	- Once a month
Haemorrhoids	- Coagulogram with the determination of D-dimers	- At 30 and 38 weeks
Kidney infection	- Urine according to Nechiporenko	- Once a week
	- ultrasound of the kidneys	- Once a trimester
Overweight	- Glucose tolerance test for detecting latent increase in blood sugar	- For a period of 24-26 weeks; - if there is a high risk of diabetes mellitus - from 16 weeks; - with the appearance of sugar in the urine - from 12 weeks
Arterial hypertension	- Urine according to Nechiporenko; - daily loss of protein; daily diuresis; - Rehberg's test; - ECG	- Once a month
	- Coagulogram; - ultrasound of the heart	- Once a trimester
	- Blood chemistry	- When registering; - at 20 weeks; - before childbirth
	- Therapist	- Every two weeks

Additional examinations make it possible to control the disease, to carry out the necessary corrections in taking medications. If necessary, a wide variety of specialists can be involved in the management of pregnant women, for example, transplantologists - after organ transplantation, cardiac surgeons - after heart operations, oncologists - with existing tumors of any localization.

With miscarriage

If a woman has a history of two or more non-developing pregnancies, the risk of subsequent failure increases dramatically. To prevent this complication, an additional examination for thrombophilia and APS is required. For this purpose, the following analyzes are carried out:

• taking blood for lupus coagulant;
• taking blood for antibodies to cardiolipin;
• the genetic passport is determined.

Genetic analysis involves harvesting the buccal epithelium (from the inner surface of the cheek) and examining the mother for specific genes. Identification of dangerous alleles indicates a high probability of the disease. In this case, throughout pregnancy, it is necessary to take anticoagulants - drugs that reduce blood clotting (for example, "Fragmin", "Fraxiparin"), to prevent fetal loss.

In addition, a dynamic study of the length of the cervix using ultrasound is carried out. If necessary, a special suture can be applied or an obstetric unloading pessary can be installed.

Differences with IVF

The necessary tests during pregnancy after IVF include a basic list, supplemented with the necessary parameters, taking into account the woman's diseases. The following are often prescribed:

• hCG analysis - helps to establish how the ovum is developing;
• D-dimers - an increase in this indicator after IVF is considered a normal variant, but for some time additional anticoagulant therapy is often required;
• Early ultrasound- to confirm a successful uterine pregnancy is carried out at the sixth and seventh weeks.

Preparation for testing during pregnancy

Equally important is how to get tested correctly during pregnancy. Deciphering their results and further treatment tactics largely depend on this. Recommendations are reflected in the table.

Examination during gestation is necessary to determine risk factors, management tactics for a woman and rapid correction of emerging disorders. It is necessary to take tests during pregnancy from the moment of registration - up to 12 weeks. Usually the list consists of basic examinations, which are the same for everyone, and an individual list according to the woman's health condition. Therefore, the doctor decides what tests need to be taken during pregnancy in a particular woman. Reviews of women confirm that it was timely diagnosis that saved them from serious complications of pregnancy.

In order for the process of bearing a child to proceed calmly and without complications, and the birth to proceed safely, it is necessary to conduct regular preventive examinations. Diagnosis of the condition of the mother and child allows you to avoid complications or identify them at the shortest possible time.

Analyzes during pregnancy and instrumental studies are performed at a fixed time, since the time of the most beneficial procedure in the diagnostic plan has been determined.

All tests during pregnancy can be divided by week, such a list will be presented below. In addition, research is divided into compulsory and optional, the latter are performed only according to indications. This article will detail the mandatory tests during pregnancy.

Dates of the

When is this or that study scheduled? What tests should be taken for the trimester of the trimester? How often should you donate blood? Such questions often arise in pregnant women. The table in which surveys are presented by week helps to navigate:

Lead time	Surveys
When registering in the first trimester	General and biochemical blood tests Coagulogram General urine analysis Tests for HIV, hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, herpes, toxoplasmosis Analysis for blood group and Rh factor Electrocardiogram Examination by a therapist, dentist, ophthalmologist, ENT specialist
10 - 12 weeks	Biochemical Screening - Double Test
11 - 12 weeks	First ultrasound Vaginal swab, analysis for sexually transmitted infections
Second trimester - monthly	Examination by a gynecologist General urine analysis
18 - 20 weeks	General and biochemical blood test Biochemical screening - triple test
18 - 21 weeks	Second ultrasound
24 - 28 weeks	Glucose tolerance test Urine culture
30 weeks	General and biochemical blood test Analysis for infections
34 - 36 weeks	Third ultrasound Vaginal swab
From 33 weeks 2 - 3 times	Cardiotocography

It is useful for every woman to know not only what tests need to be taken for certain weeks, but also what the described examinations allow to detect. We suggest disassembling them by trimester of pregnancy.

First trimester

Most of the tests are done in the first trimester of pregnancy. What is the reason for this? The thing is that doctors are trying to determine the likelihood of complications as early as possible in order to have time to prepare the woman, eliminate the pathology, or even terminate the pregnancy if it is impossible to continue it.

Why are blood tests done so often during pregnancy? The thing is that the technique of general and biochemical blood tests allows one to assess the state of various systems of human organs and detect pathology.

Laboratory research

Why do you need to pass certain tests? Various examinations in the first trimester are performed with a specific purpose:

1. Complete blood count - This test counts blood cells and other indicators. A lack of red blood cells and hemoglobin indicates anemia and requires correction to prevent oxygen starvation of the fetus. An increase in white blood cells may indicate the presence of an infectious process. The rate of erythrocyte sedimentation with an increase is a sign of active inflammation.
2. Biochemical blood test - shows the state of the liver and kidneys, as well as protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. In case of an increase in one or another indicator above the norm, additional diagnostics and treatment are carried out.


3. Coagulogram is a study that determines the blood coagulation ability. A decrease in indicators indicates the risk of bleeding and requires correction.
4. Urinalysis is the main method for assessing kidney function. It can also detect inflammation of the urogenital tract.
5. Serologic testing for HIV and hepatitis is essential for the correct management of women who test positive. The patient takes the appropriate medications, and delivery is more often performed by caesarean section.
6. Tests for cytomegalovirus, rubella, herpes and toxoplasmosis are needed to prevent severe malformations in the fetus. To prevent the listed diseases from causing complications, the necessary treatment is carried out, and sometimes the pregnancy must be terminated.
7. An analysis for blood group and Rh factor is necessary to detect a possible Rh conflict between the mother and the fetus.
8. A smear on the flora from the vagina, an analysis for sexually transmitted infections are needed for the timely treatment of the corresponding inflammatory diseases at an early stage.
9. Dual test - evaluates the amount of hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein. An increase in these proteins suggests the presence of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal malformation.

At first glance, a woman is waiting for a large number of tests, but all of them are needed for a full diagnosis and timely prevention.

Instrumental methods

In the first trimester of pregnancy, a woman needs to pass only 2 instrumental examinations: an electrocardiogram and an ultrasound scan.

An ECG is necessary to assess the condition of the heart of a pregnant woman. The procedure indicates the presence of defects, arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, hypertrophy of a particular department. Women with congenital and acquired defects, as well as arrhythmias, should consult a cardiologist to decide on the possibility of prolonging pregnancy.

Ultrasound examination is a key method for diagnosing the condition of the fetus. The technique has the following goals:

• Establishing a possible ectopic pregnancy.
• Detection of multiple pregnancies.
• Estimation of the parameters of the embryo.
• Determination of fetal vital signs.
• Establishment of malformations or complications of pregnancy.

The procedure is absolutely painless and safe for the child.

Doctor's consultations

The list of mandatory diagnostic measures in the first trimester also includes consultations with specialist doctors. Which doctors should examine a woman?

The dentist and otorhinolaryngologist (ENT) examine the pregnant woman in order to detect chronic foci of infection. Caries, chronic otitis media or tonsillitis should be treated early in pregnancy, and if possible even before it begins. This plays an important role in the prevention of infectious complications.

The ophthalmologist must establish whether there is a likelihood of visual impairment during pregnancy and childbirth and prevent possible complications.

The therapist identifies concomitant pathology of organs and systems, gives an opinion on the analyzes obtained. If necessary, he clarifies what else needs to be passed for the diagnosis and refers to narrow specialists.

Second trimester

The studies that need to be passed in the second trimester partially repeat the ones described above. In addition, a daily visit to a gynecologist is recommended, before which it is imperative to take a general urine test.

Laboratory research

You can also take blood tests monthly, if there is a need to assess their indicators. In the case of a normal pregnancy without anemia and inflammatory diseases, blood tests are taken once every 18–20 weeks.

A general urine test is designed to monitor the absence of urogenital infections, as well as manifestations of pregnancy toxicosis and renal failure.

Glucose tolerance test - detects hidden insulin deficiency in the body. This condition is a predisposing factor for the development of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. During the procedure, you have to drink a sweet glucose solution. It is extremely unpleasant to do this, but it is necessary to detect pathology.

A urine culture is done to check for infections of the urogenital tract.

Ultrasound

Of the instrumental studies in the second trimester, only ultrasound screening is performed. The study determines:

• The size of the fetus.
• Compliance of the development of organs and systems with age.
• Indicators and sizes of the placenta, the volume of amniotic fluid, the umbilical cord.
• Baby's motor activity.
• The gender of the child.
• The presence of developmental defects.

If deviations are found, a gynecologist is consulted to determine the tactics of treatment. If necessary, the woman is referred for a triple test to determine the risk of genetic diseases.

Third trimester

Despite the fact that in the third trimester most of the studies repeat those that the woman went through earlier, they still need to be taken, because the period of preparation of the body for childbirth begins. At this point, the intended method of delivery is established, the necessary measures are taken to ensure that the delivery is safe.

Laboratory research

At a period of 30 weeks, the blood is checked again using a general and biochemical analysis, and serological tests for infections are performed. The presence of active viral or bacterial inflammation changes the tactics of managing the third stage and childbirth.

In addition, at 34–36 weeks, a smear from the vagina on the microflora is repeated. If an active infection is detected, it is treated, and delivery is performed surgically.

Instrumental methods

In the third trimester, the fetus is already mature enough to undergo a thorough ultrasound examination. During an ultrasound scan, it is determined:

• The state of the baby's cardiovascular and nervous system.
• The degree of development of the skeleton and skull.
• Malformations of internal organs.
• The condition of the organs of the abdominal cavity and genitourinary system.
• Assessment of the function of the placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord.
• The presence or absence of the umbilical cord entanglement of the fetal neck is determined.

In addition to ultrasound diagnostics, cardiotocography is performed in the third trimester. This safe and non-invasive test measures the number of fetal heartbeats and movements in a given unit of time.

All studies during pregnancy are aimed at timely diagnosis and prevention. A pregnant woman should take a responsible attitude to her health and the condition of the baby, so that the period of gestation and childbirth passes without complications.