The human body is such a complex and well-coordinated “mechanism” that most of us cannot even imagine! This series of photographs taken using electron microscopy will help you learn a little more about your body and see what we cannot see in our ordinary lives. Welcome to the authorities!

Alveoli of the lungs with two red blood cells (erythrocytes). (photo CMEABG-UCBL/Phanie)

30x enlargement of the base of the nail.

The iris of the eye and adjacent structures. In the lower right corner is the edge of the pupil (blue). (photo by STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)

Red blood cells fall out (so to speak) from the broken capillary.

Nerve ending. This nerve ending was dissected to reveal vesicles (orange and blue) containing chemicals that are used to transmit signals in the nervous system. (photo by TINA CARVALHO)

Clotted blood.

Red blood cells in the artery.

Human lungs.

Taste receptors on the tongue.

Eyelashes, 50x magnification.

Finger pad, 35x magnification. (photo by Richard Kessel)

Sweat pore that comes to the surface of the skin.

Blood vessels coming from the optic nerve nipple (where the optic nerve enters the retina).

The egg that gives rise to a new organism is the largest cell in the human body: its weight is equal to the weight of 600 sperm.

Sperm. Only one sperm penetrates the egg, breaking through the layer of small cells that surround it. As soon as he gets into her, no other sperm can do this.

Human embryo and sperm. The egg was fertilized 5 days ago, and some remaining sperm are still attached to it.

An 8-day embryo at the beginning of its life cycle...

Looking at the pictures below, you will take a journey through your body, starting from your head and ending with your intestines and pelvic organs. You'll see what normal cells look like and what happens to them when they are attacked by cancer, and you'll also get a visual understanding of how, say, the first meeting of an egg and sperm occurs.

Almost all of the images presented here were taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electron beam emitted by such a device interacts with the atoms of the desired object, resulting in 3D images of the highest resolution. Magnification of 250,000 times allows you to see details measuring 1-5 nanometers (that is, billionths of a meter).

The first SEM image was obtained in 1935 by Max Knoll, and already in 1965 the Cambridge Instrument Company offered its Stereoscan to DuPont. Now such devices are widely used in research centers.

Looking at the pictures below, you will take a journey through your body, starting from your head and ending with your intestines and pelvic organs. You'll see what normal cells look like and what happens to them when they are attacked by cancer, and you'll also get a visual understanding of how, say, the first meeting of an egg and sperm occurs.

This is what you might call the heart of your blood, the red blood cells (RBCs). These cute biconcave cells have the responsible task of carrying oxygen throughout the body. Typically, in one cubic millimeter of blood there are 4-5 million such cells in women and 5-6 million in men. People living at high altitudes, where there is a lack of oxygen, have even more red cells.

To avoid hair splitting that is invisible to the normal eye, you need to get your hair cut regularly and use good shampoos and conditioners.

Of the 100 billion neurons in your brain, Purkinje cells are some of the largest. Among other things, they are responsible in the cerebellar cortex for motor coordination. They are adversely affected by alcohol or lithium poisoning, as well as autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders (including autism), as well as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, etc.).

This is what stereocilia, or the sensory elements of the vestibular apparatus inside your ear, look like. By detecting sound vibrations, they control response mechanical movements and actions.

Shown here are the blood vessels of the retina emerging from the black-colored optic disc. This disc is a “blind spot” because there are no light receptors in this area of ​​the retina.

There are about 10,000 taste buds on the human tongue, which help determine the taste of salty, sour, bitter, sweet and spicy.

To avoid deposits on your teeth that look like unthreshed spikelets, it is advisable to brush your teeth more often.

Remember how beautiful healthy red blood cells looked? Now look how they become in the web of a deadly blood clot. In the very center is a white blood cell (leukocyte).

Here is a view of your lung from the inside. The empty cavities are alveoli, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide.

Now look at how the lungs deformed by cancer differ from the healthy ones in the previous picture.

The villi of the small intestine increase its area, which promotes better absorption of food. These are irregularly cylindrical outgrowths up to 1.2 millimeters high. The basis of the villi is loose connective tissue. In the center, like a rod, runs a wide lymphatic capillary, or lacteal sinus, and on the sides of it there are blood vessels and capillaries. Fats pass through the milky sinus into the lymph and then into the blood, and proteins and carbohydrates enter the bloodstream through the blood capillaries of the villi. Upon careful examination, you can notice food debris in the grooves.

Here you see a human egg. The egg is covered with a glycoprotein membrane (zona pellicuda), which not only protects it, but also helps to capture and retain sperm. Two coronal cells are attached to the shell.

The photo captures the moment when several sperm try to fertilize an egg.

It looks like a war of the worlds, but in fact, you have an egg in front of you 5 days after fertilization. Some sperm are still retained on its surface. The image was taken using a confocal microscope. The egg and sperm nuclei are purple, while the sperm flagella are green. The blue areas are nexuses, intercellular gap junctions that communicate between cells.

You are present at the beginning of a new life cycle. A six-day-old human embryo is implanted into the endometrium, the lining of the uterine cavity. Let's wish him good luck!

Our body can be studied endlessly, and school textbooks on biology alone cannot do it. For example, did you know what an ophthalmologist sees when he dilates your pupils, what does the nervous system, a damaged capillary, and cones and rods in the eye look like under a microscope?

This model of the brain roughly shows its consistency. This is how a concussion happens

Memories are the result of these brain cells

This is how the tablet dissolves in the stomach

This is what the ophthalmologist sees when he dilates your pupils

And this is what the rods and cones in the eye look like under high magnification:

A scanner that shows doctors your veins in real time

Have you ever wondered what the carotid arteries look like?

What does 113 kg weight look like versus 54 kg?

Accelerated process of teeth correction using braces

This is what our teeth look like inside the jaw (they are much larger than they seem at first glance)

An egg surrounded by sperm before fertilization

This is what a bacteriophage looks like - a virus that infects bacteria

A mosquito looks for a capillary to drink blood

We all know from school that an atom is the smallest particle of any element, and we all consist of molecules that consist of atoms. But few people have seen what the atom itself looks like. In fact, no one has yet succeeded in photographing an atom so that it can be examined in detail. Even the most powerful microscopes that have managed to see an atom have a resolving power that is limited by the wavelength of visible light (which is greater than the diameter of the atom).

But recently, physicists at Cornell University developed the Electron Microscope Pixel Array Detector (EMPAD), a device that made it possible to see the atom with a record resolution of 0.39 Å.

And a hydrogen atom looks like this

This is why toothache is most often accompanied by a headache

What new and impressive things did you learn about the human body after you graduated from school?

Red blood cells

Split human hair

Purkinje cells

Sensitive ear hairs

Blood vessels of the optic nerve

Taste bud of tongue

Plaque

Pulmonary alveoli

Villi of the small intestine

Let's take a tour of your body using a microscope! Starting from the head and ending with the pelvic organs. I think you will find it very interesting!

Almost all of the images presented here were taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electron beam emitted by such a device interacts with the atoms of the desired object, resulting in 3D images of the highest resolution. Magnification of 250,000 times allows you to see details measuring 1-5 nanometers (that is, billionths of a meter).

The first SEM image was obtained in 1935 by Max Knoll, and already in 1965 the Cambridge Instrument Company offered its Stereoscan to DuPont. Now such devices are widely used in research centers.

1 Red blood cells

Here you can say the basis of your blood is depicted - red blood cells. These cute biconcave cells have the responsible task of carrying oxygen throughout the body. Typically, in one cubic millimeter of blood there are 4-5 million such cells in women and 5-6 million in men. People living at high altitudes, where there is a lack of oxygen, have even more red cells.

2 Split human hair

To avoid such hair splitting, invisible to the ordinary eye, you need to get your hair cut regularly and use good shampoos.

3 Purkinje cells

Of the 100 billion neurons in your brain, Purkinje cells are some of the largest. Among other things, they are responsible in the cerebellar cortex for motor coordination. Alcohol poisoning has a detrimental effect on them.

4 Sensitive ear hairs

This is what stereocilia, or the sensory elements of the vestibular apparatus inside your ear, look like. By detecting sound vibrations, they control response mechanical movements and actions.

5 Blood vessels of the optic nerve

Shown here are the blood vessels of the retina emerging from the black-colored optic disc.

6 Taste bud of tongue

There are about 10,000 taste buds on the human tongue, which help determine the taste of salty, sour, bitter, sweet and spicy.

7 Plaque

To avoid deposits on your teeth that look like unthreshed spikelets, it is advisable to brush your teeth more often.

8 Pulmonary alveoli

Here is a view of your lung from the inside. The empty cavities are alveoli, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. In a smoker, these alveoli are black. Smoking is harmful to health.

9 Villi of the small intestine

The villi of the small intestine increase its area, which promotes better absorption of food. These are irregularly cylindrical outgrowths up to 1.2 millimeters high. The basis of the villi is loose connective tissue. Upon careful examination, you can notice food debris in the grooves.

Take care of your health!

Subject : Studying the structure of cells and body tissues under a microscope .

1.Study the cells and tissues of the human body. 2.Develop observation and comparison skills by working with a microscope.

3. Fostering a culture of behavior.

Method: visual, verbal, practical.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment: Microscopes, ready-made microslides.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Test check.(1-5)

Checking the completion of the table in the notebook. Page: 28.

3. Studying a new topic.

Laboratory work No. 1.

.

Purpose: Familiarization with the structure of cells and tissues of the human body under a microscope.

Operating procedure:

1. Consider ready-made preparations of the structure of cells of different tissues. Find structural elements (membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus)

2 Draw the cells examined, indicating the organelles seen under the microscope.

3. Examine the tissue under a microscope:

A) striated muscle

b) striated cardiac;

B) smooth muscle

D) epithelial (various epithelium)

D) bone.

E) nervous.

Draw conclusions:

1.What are the similarities and differences in the structure of these tissues.

2. Find the structural parts of these tissues.

3. Determine whether the cells are located equally in the tissues?

4.Draw the fabrics considered. Label them. Compare with the pattern of fabrics in the textbook.

Fill out the table in your notebook.

Fabrics and their functions

Fabric name

structure

Location in the body

Striated

Smooth muscle

Connective

Epithelial

Homework: §7 and 8.

8th grade performs laboratory work No. 1.

Topic: Pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads.

1.Study the function of mixed glands.

2.Develop knowledge in the field of physiology.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment. Tables.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Performing exercises No. 1-No. 3.

3. Studying a new topic.

Pancreas:

1.Structure: head, body, tail.

2.Function: forms digestive juice with enzymes.

(exocrine function)

intrasecretory cells produce the hormones insulin and glucagon that regulate carbohydrate metabolism.

Adrenal glands

1.building

2.function.

Sex glands:

1.Building

2.Function.

4. Fastening.

Working with terms.

5.Assessment.

:.Homework.§12-13.

Subject: Structure and functions of the nervous system.

1.Study the structure of a neuron

2. Develop an interest in anatomy and physiology.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment: Table.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Completing table p.43. Survey on housing and communal services.

3. Studying a new topic.

Neuron

2.Dendrites

4. Receptors.

At the junctions of dendrites, Synapses.

Signal transmission through synapses is carried out using mediators.

4. Fastening.

Reading text.

Drawing a neuron from memory.

5.Assessment.

6.Homework.§14.

Subject : Reflex. Reflex arc.

1.Study the function of the reflex arc using the example of the knee reflex.

2. Develop observation and attentiveness.

3. Fostering hard work.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment:

Rubber mallet.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Draw and indicate the parts of a neuron.

3. Studying a new topic.

A reflex is the body's response to irritation.

A reflex arc is the path along which a nerve impulse travels.

Sensory receptors conduct impulses into the nervous system. Centripetally.

Motor receptors respond to the reflex.

Centrifugally.

4. Fastening.

Laboratory work No. 2

"Study of the Knee Reflex"

Draw a reflex arc. Use colored markers to highlight its parts.

The work is carried out according to plan and submitted for inspection.

5.Homework:§14.

Lesson No. 14.

Subject : Structure and functions of the spinal cord.

1.Study the structure of the spinal cord.

2.Develop research skills.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: Verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment: tables. Diagram of the spinal cord.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Control of homework.

List the parts of the knee reflex. Fill out the table. Survey on questions.

3. Studying a new topic.

Nervous system

Central peripheral.

Structure of the spinal cord.

The brain is located inside the spinal column. The white cord is 1 cm in diameter. The spinal cord consists of white and gray matter. (Find the characteristic in the text)

The spinal cord consists of 31 segments. The anterior and posterior roots form mixed nerves.

The anterior ones make up the motor fibers;

The posterior roots make up sensitive fibers.

Spinal cord function:

1.Reflex

2. Conductor.

4. Fastening.

Fill out the table.

5.Homework:§15.

Lesson No. 15.

Subject: Structure and functions of the brain. Large hemispheres, hygiene of the nervous system.

1Study the main parts of the brain and their function.

2.Develop knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the body.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: combined.

Equipment: tables, layout.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2.Homework control:

Checking the completion of tables pp. 49-50.

Complete exercises No. 1. and No. 2 in the workbook.

Learning a new topic .

1. Brain

Structure function

Medulla oblongata sucking, swallowing, coughing, sneezing.

The bridge connects the oblong with the middle

Midbrain response to light, sound, muscle tone

The diencephalon conducts impulses to the BP cortex. ,walking,

Swimming regulates metabolism, consumption

Laziness of water and food.

Cerebellum coordination of movement.

2. Large hemispheres:

Structure function

Formed by gray bark.; In the left no. right-handers, and left-handers on the right

Area 2200-2500 cm 3 necks - auditory and motor center of speech

Furrows: large ones are divided into: and letters;

The frontal and parietal are the deepest; Right p.sh. imaginative thinking, Musical creativity,

Occipital, temporal,

Formed by white matter;

Location of sensory zones

(sensitive)

Temporal-auditory;

Olfactory and gustatory – on the border

Parietal and temporal;

3.Hygiene of the nervous system:

School hygiene; Alcohol,

Their effect on the nervous system?

4. Fastening.

Working with text §16.17. Workbook. Exercise No. 1, No. 2.

5.Assessment.

6.Homework§16 -17..

Lesson No. 1. 09/3/12

Subject : Introduction. Goals and objectives of the subject.

“The health of the people is above all,

The riches of the earth will not replace it.

You can't buy health, no one can sell it.

Take care of him like your heart, like your eyes.”

1.Bring to students the goals and objectives of the subject..

2.Develop knowledge of human anatomy and physiology.

3. Education of occupational hygiene.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Introductory.

Equipment. Tables.layouts.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Test check. (zero knowledge slice)

3. Studying a new topic.

1.Introduction to the structure of the textbook.

Preparation of laboratory notebooks,

Reading the introductory part.

4. Consolidation. Task No. 1. Name the sciences that study the structure and functions of the human body.

1….. 3………

2…… 4………. 5………..

5.Homework:§1.

Lesson No. 2 7. 09.12

Subject : Methods for studying the structure and functions of the body.

1. Study what anatomy and physiology studies..

2.Develop the concepts of anatomy and physiology.

Method: Verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Educational.

Equipment.

During the classes.

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

What scientific work did Charles Darwin write and what is its significance?

What branches of science does a person study?

What goals and objectives does humanism set for itself?

3. Studying a new topic.

The class is divided into two teams.

1 team.

Task No. 1. What does anatomy study?

No. 2. What techniques and methods does anatomy use when studying humans?

2.team.

Task No. 1. What does physiology study?

No. 2. What techniques and methods does physiology use when studying humans?

Homework: §2.

Lesson No. 3. 09/10/12

Topic: Cellular structure of the human body.

1.Study the types of cell shapes, sizes and composition of cells.

2.Develop an understanding of the diversity of cells.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: educational.

Equipment. Tables.

During the classes.

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

What methods and techniques are used to study physiological processes?

(microscope, kymograph, electromagnetic tuning fork. Electrocardiograph..).

What help does the use of chemical methods of physiology provide?

3. Studying a new topic:

1.Reading a paragraph with notes.

What do I know.

What I learned.

I want to know.

4. Fastening.

What are the different forms of cells in the human body?

What is the role of the kernel?

How do you understand the expression of a pore in a membrane?

5.Homework§3

Lesson No. 4. 09/14/12

Subject : Cell organelles, cell chemical composition.

1. study organelles and their chemistry. compound.

2.Develop knowledge in the field of cytology.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Equipment. Table. electronic textbook.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2 Control of homework.

What is the structure of a cell?

How is the plasma membrane different from the cell wall?

What causes the increase and decrease in cytoplasmic movement?

3. Studying a new topic.

Cell organelles.

Using the poster, list the organelles of a cell.

EPS - Smooth and rough;

Ribosomes;

Mitochondria;

Lysosomes;

Golgi apparatus;

Centrioles.

Differences between plant and animal cells:

Animals have centrioles; Plants have plastids

Vegetables contain cellulose;

There are large vacuoles.

Vital properties of the cell:

1.Metabolism;

Irritability;

Growth and development;

Reproduction.

4. Fastening.

Exercise No. 2. Match.

Complete the sentences.

The main structural and functional element of our body is….(cell)

There is a nucleus in every cell, except……(erythrocytes)

5.Assessment.

6.Homework:§4.

Lesson No. 5. 09/17/12

Subject : Studying the structure of cells and tissues of the human body under a microscope.

1. Using laboratory work, study the structure of the cell.

2.Develop skills to observe and compare.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Check exercise No. 2; No. 3.

Survey on questions (Levels A, B, C)

3. Studying a new topic.

Laboratory work No. 1.

Studying the structure of cells and tissues of the human body under a microscope.

Complete the table in your notebook.

Fabric name

Structure

Location in the body.

Striated

Smooth muscle

Connective.

Epithelial,

Draw the fabrics discussed.

4.Assessment.

5.Home building§§7.8.

Lesson No. 6. 09/21/12

Subject: Human body tissues, properties and functions.

1. study human tissue.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Educational.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Control of homework.

Retell the work completed.

3. Studying a new topic.

Epithelial. Connective Muscular. Nervous.

4. Fastening.

Exercise No. 3. Distribute the characteristics and functions of tissues into the appropriate squares, first write the names of the tissues.

fabrics

epithelial

connecting

muscular

5.Assessment.

6.Homework.§8.

Lesson No. 7. 09/24/12

Subject: Organs and organ systems.

1. Study organ systems and the organs that form them.

2.Develop skills to memorize drawings.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: Verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type6

Combined.

During the classes.

1.Org moment.

2.Homework.

Check Exercise No. 1 - No. 3.

Questions survey.

3. Studying a new topic.

Using Figure No. 14 of the textbook for memorization and Exercise No. 3 in the workbook for consolidation.

Repeat On the board there is a cluster of systems..

4.Assessment.

5. Homework: §9. Exercise No. 1-No. 3.

Lesson No. 8. 09/28/12

Subject : Integrity of the human body.

1.Study the function of homeostasis.

2.Develop knowledge of cytology.

3. Education of labor discipline.

Method: Verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Educational.

Equipment.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Control of homework.

Name the organs of the respiratory system?

Task.No.1. Complete the sentences.

The liver belongs to the (digestive)….system.

The heart refers to the (circulatory) system.

The paired organs that produce urine are called kidneys.

The excretory system includes (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

3.Learning a new topic.

The integrity of the human body is formed by: blood, lymph, intercellular fluid.

Reading with notes.

Fill the table.

New information.

I want to know.

4. Fastening.

5.Homework:§10.

Lesson #9. 01.10.12

Subject: Endocrine glands. Hormones. Pituitary.

1.Study the importance of the endocrine glands.

2. Develop an interest in biology.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type, Combined.

Equipment: Tables, water supply.

During the classes.

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

What is it - homeostasis is disturbed.

3. Studying a new topic.

Humoral regulation of the body is carried out by biologically active substances.

The pituitary gland produces hormones.

In the body, glands are divided into three groups.

1. Endocrine glands 2. Mixed secretion glands.

3. Exocrine glands.

The class is divided into three groups. Complete assignments and prepare presentations. .

4. Fastening.

Pituitary

Structure function.

5.Assessment.

6.Homework:§ 11

Lesson No. 10. 0 10/8/12

Topic: Thyroid and parathyroid glands.

1.Study the structure and function of the glands.

2.Develop cognitive interest.

3. Education of a scientific worldview.

Method: Verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: educational.

Equipment.Table.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Exercise No. 1 - No. 4.

3. Studying a new topic.

Thyroid

Structure function

Epithelial body

Structure function.

4.Assessment.

6.Homework:§12.

Lesson No. 16.

Topic: Autonomic nervous system and its divisions.

1.Study the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

2.Develop skills in working with the textbook.

3. Education of labor discipline.

Method: Verbal, visual, practical. Lesson type: Educational. Equipment: Table.

During the classes:

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Fill the table.

Functions of the sensory zones of the cerebral cortex.

Zone name.

Its functions

1. Zone of visual perception.

2. Auditory zone.

3. Centers of smell and taste.

4. Zones of musculocutaneous sensitivity.

5.motor zone.

6.Associative zones.

3. Studying a new topic.

Vegetative system.

Sympathetic Parasympathetic.

(Using the tutorial, create a cluster).

1.increases blood pressure

2. dilates the pupils

3. increases heat transfer.

4.increases heart rate.

5. inhibits the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

6relaxes the smooth muscle tissue of the bladder.

4. Fastening.

Remember! Autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic division.

5.Assessment.

6.Homework: §18.table.

Topic: Sense organs and their meaning.

1.Study the function of analyzers.

2.Develop observation skills.

3. Education of labor discipline.

Method: verbal, visual, practical.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment: table.

Lesson progress6

1.Org moment.

2. Homework control.

Fill out the table.

Functions of the parts of the autonomic nervous system

Organs and systems

Actions of the sympathetic division

Actions of the parasympathetic division

Blood vessels

Digestive system

urinary system

3. Studying a new topic.

Sense organs: Analyzers: Visual

Auditory

Touch

Smell

4. Fastening.

1.Reading the paragraph.

2.Working with the table.

Match.

1.Receptor

2. Sensory nerves.

3. Zones of the cerebral cortex

A) transfer of impulse to the working body.

B) perception of irritation.

C) transmission of excitation from receptors.

D) transfer of excitation

D) formation of sensations.

5.Assessment.

6.Homework:§19.