Children's lighting. Table lamp for a student: the main points of the right choice What should be the ceiling

23.02.2021 Diseases

1 slide: "Journey into the past of a light bulb" (senior preschool age)

2 slide: Target: Introduce children with a history of electrical light bulbs; induce a positive emotional attitude, interest in the subject's past.

move: The teacher starts the conversation with questions: "Guys, you love travel? Do you want to go to something interesting today? journey?" In order to find out where we are going, you need to guess puzzles:

3 slide:

1. The house is a glass bubble,

And the light lives in it.

He sleeps during the day, but when he wakes up,

It will ignite with a bright flame.

2. Miracles on the ceiling -

The sun hung on a string.

3. She hangs idle during the day,

And lights up the house at night.

Well done! You correctly guessed all the riddles. The answer is the same - electric bulb.

We will now go to the past of the electric light bulb.

4 slide: Look closely at the objects. What do these items have in common? (they light up and give light).

5 slide: Do you think there has always been an electric bulb? What do you think ancient man illuminated his cave? He kindled a hearth in the cave, and the fire made it brighter.

6 slide: A long time ago, people invented torches. Do you know what a torch is? Usually it is a stick with tarred tow wound on the end. With torches, they not only walked the streets, but also strengthened them on the walls to illuminate the premises.

7 slide: Then people came up with a torch. It's just a sliver with a pointed end. Usually the torch was made of birch, it burns better. One end of the torch was fixed in a stand, and the other was lit.

8 slide: Then people noticed that if a piece of string is dipped in oil and set on fire, it will burn well and for a long time. So oily appeared lamps.

9 slide: Years have passed, and the man came up with a more convenient object for lighting - a candle. Candles are made from beeswax, lamb fat. Inside the candle there is a wick made of thread.

10 slide: People sought to come up with more convenient lighting for their homes and learned how to make kerosene from oil and came up with kerosene lamps.

11 slide: Origin history lamps lasted several decades. Man was looking for new ways to conveniently illuminate his home. At different times, various discoveries were made that brought lamp to modern, familiar to all. When electricity appeared, then they came up with electric light bulb.

12 slide: The game "Build a path from past to present» (name the items in the correct order)

13 slide: Thank you for your attention!

Related publications:

Photo report for the scenario "Journey by Time Machine" - entertainment according to the rules traffic for older children up to school age.

Abstract of a lesson on cognitive and speech development with children of the senior group "Journey into the past of a light bulb" Purpose:formation complete picture world, expanding the horizons of children - expanding knowledge about electrical appliances, acquaintance with the history of electrical.

GCD for children of senior preschool age "Journey to the puppet country" Purpose: to improve children's knowledge of the rules of personal safety. Objectives: Continue to teach to analyze dangerous situations, understand.

GCD for senior preschool age "Journey into the past hours" PURPOSE. To educate children's interest in the work of a watchmaker, bring them to an understanding: a person is a converter of objects, mechanisms. VOCABULARY.

Outline of the educational activities of children of senior preschool age "Journey into the past of paper" EXAMPLE PLAN-SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT-THEMATIC WEEK: "BOOKS" Topic: "Journey into the past of paper."

Holiday "Autumn Journey" for children of senior preschool age Tasks: Continue to expand children's knowledge of the surrounding reality. Develop a desire to speak to parents.

What could be more beautiful for the eyes than natural light? But, unfortunately, only in summer it pleases us more than 12 hours a day, and the rest of the time we have to surround ourselves with lighting devices and artificial lighting. But schoolchildren and students have to spend a certain part of the time in the dark time of the day behind textbooks. And to some extent it becomes an integral part of his academic performance. It's no secret that poor lighting indirectly affects diligence and poor grades in school.

How to choose a good table lamp for a student

So let's see how to choose a student table lamp to meet the basic hygiene requirements of students. Since vision is exactly the sense organ that we are obliged to preserve in our child at any cost. Therefore, when choosing a lamp, proceed not from the decorative properties of the lighting device, but from hygiene standards. What do these standards tell us?

the light source should emit a soft and even glow - avoid glare and shadows;
the main overhead light must be turned on, even if the table lamp is on;
when writing, it should be located to the left of the student and be no more powerful than 100W. The optimal power value is the range from 60W to 100W;
during the daytime, curtains should be hung on the windows that do not prevent the penetration of natural light into the room;
windows must be well washed, otherwise dirty glass prevents light from entering the room (according to the norms, windows should be washed at least twice a year);
even indoor ones prevent the penetration of light - take this moment into service;
it is impossible to direct the streams of the main light in front and behind the student;
it is impossible to combine incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps in the same room (here we are talking only about the main lighting).

How to choose the right table lamp for a student

And now let's go directly to the question of how to choose the right table lamp for the nursery. And let's start with the choice of light bulbs.

The optimal power of a table lamp for a student

As we said above, the power of the lamp should not exceed 100W, the comfort of the person sitting under it depends on this. If it is comfortable with the light that a 60W lamp emits, please let it be, and if 60W is not enough, then you need to replace this lamp with a more powerful one, for example, 75W.

Although here it is necessary to clarify that the lamp power must also be selected from the size of the table. If the table is small, then a 60W light bulb will be enough, but if the desk is large, then take a 100W lamp.

The best desk lamp for a student is one that does not harm the health of the child!

The best desk lamp for a student

The color of the light emission of the student's desk lamp

The next step is to pay attention to the shade of the light emission. As a rule, it is indicated on the lamp base or on the packaging. It can be cold white (LHB), daylight (LD) and warm white (LTB). For the human body, in particular the student, the most the best option there will be warm white light (WTB) lamps as they are closest to natural morning or evening light. These are standard 60W incandescent bulbs.

Table lamps for schoolchildren

The very first rule for those who buy table lamps for schoolchildren is that the lamps must be safe for child's body. Sometimes you have to sacrifice beauty in order to buy a functional (with a turn of the shade, with convenient switches, with a power regulator, with a length of cord that allows you to move the lamp around the table) and a safe lamp.
When choosing, you need to give preference to softer light that will not create glare - these are matte incandescent lamps.
It is advisable to choose a lamp with a power regulator (with a rheostat) - first of all, this is a concern for the eyes of the student.
When buying in a store, try screwing the lamp into the socket. And then screw it back. If the lamp is unscrewed along with the cartridge, it means that the product is of poor quality and such a lamp is not worth buying.
The lamp stand should be flexible - it is easy to change the angle of inclination. At the same time, remember that the lamp should rise 30-45 cm from the table. And if the child works at the computer, then the lamp should also be above the monitor.
The lamp shade must be made of high-quality plastic. A plastic cover can quickly fail, and a metal one can burn a child when heated. correct form the ceiling is a spherical (round) shape and a cone shape. But the shape of the cylinder is absolutely not suitable for a table lamp. As for the color of the ceiling, here the leaders are the traditional green light, which has a beneficial effect on the eyes without irritating them.

How to choose a table lamp for a student

We hope our tips have helped you answer the question of which table lamp to choose for a student. And finally, a few words about the correct location of the lamp on the desktop.

The fact that the lamp should not create shadows when writing is known to every student. For a right-handed person, the lamp is placed to the left of the seated person, for a left-handed person, to the right.
If the child is reading, then in principle, you can place the lamp to the right and left of him.
But if he is engaged in creativity, when both hands are involved, then the best direction the light will be direct. In this case, the light should not be directed in the face of the child, but down on the table.

Comfortable and safe lighting - essential condition effective organization of the workplace for a school-age child. It is at the desk that he will do most of his homework, and the success of the educational process largely depends on how well the table lamp is chosen for the student.

What you should pay attention to

Table-type lamps are usually classified according to a number of criteria, including appearance, features of work, characteristics of the light bulb and other parameters. When choosing a table lamp, it is recommended to pay attention to such parameters as:

location;
lamp power;
luminaire dimensions, etc.

Placing and fixing fixtures

One of the main indicators is the installation method. Fixtures are fixed either to the body of the table (at the edge), or they stand on a leg - static or dynamic. The latter option is preferable because it allows you to change the direction of the light in the right direction.

The base of the luminaire must be heavy enough to prevent it from deflecting or sliding on the table. Light fixtures on a clamp are preferred, as they are more rigidly attached to the desktop.

Important! If the child is right-handed, the light source should be placed to the left of him. If left-handed, vice versa - on the right.

A very practical solution is to place the lamp next to the work area, rather than directly on the desk. As a result, additional free space appears on the table. Such lamps are installed on the floor or fixed on the wall. If such a lamp is placed in the immediate vicinity of the table, in terms of functionality, it is no different from the desktop version.

Light control method

The best option- a luminaire in which the switch is located in the base or on the ceiling. The switch must have sufficient travel and not stick when pressed.

Luminaire dimensions

Lamps with fixation on the edge of the table are equipped with convenient transforming legs, which makes it possible to adjust the height of the light source, as well as the angle of the light flux. Installation height usually ranges between 20 and 100 centimeters, but longer legs are also found. The most comfortable lighting can be achieved if the leg length is at least 50 centimeters, otherwise the light will be reflected from the surface of the book (notebook) or blind the child.

The size of the lamp should be in accordance with the dimensions of the table. Such a requirement is made not only for aesthetic, but also for practical reasons. If some parts of the lighting device protrude beyond the boundaries of the table, then there is a high probability of the lamp tipping over by negligence. It should also be borne in mind that a device that is too large will not allow other useful items to be placed on the table.

The heaviest part of the lighting fixture is its base. This is done on purpose to give the table lamp stability, which improves the safety of the device. However, if the lamp needs to be moved frequently, it is better to choose a lamp with a light base.

Tripod

The most comfortable lighting is provided when the ceiling is at eye level. The tripod allows you to adjust the desired height due to the presence of folding and retractable mechanisms. There are also bendable (flexible) tripods. Flexible brackets for children are especially convenient to use, as they allow you to easily adjust the desired position of the lighting device.

Light characteristics

The main parameter that you need to focus on when choosing a lamp for a first grader (and any other user) is the quality of light. To make the right choice when buying a lamp, it is recommended to understand some of the technical nuances of lighting fixtures.

Types of lamps

Incandescent light bulbs are still the most common type of light source. Their main advantage is cheapness. However, they also have significant drawbacks, including a not too long service life, high power consumption. In addition, the use of incandescent lamps leads to overheating of the ceiling.

Fluorescent lamps have many advantages, including no overheating, long life and economy. It should be borne in mind that such a light source is characterized by color distortion, which will adversely affect the child's vision. To make the right choice, it is recommended to look at the abbreviation indicated on the product packaging. The best color reproduction when working with graphics is achieved by lamps marked with the letter C. But for reading from paper, you should choose a product that has the abbreviation LTB, since they give a warm white color.

Halogen light sources are characterized by radiation as close as possible to the natural spectrum. Halogen lamps give a soft and diffused light. Other benefits of halogen devices include long life and energy savings.

LED bulbs provide high quality light. Such light sources are equipped with power regulation, they are economical and last for many months or even years.

Note! LED lamps are offered with clocks, thermometers, calendars and other useful features.

Lamp power

If the choice fell on incandescent lamps, you should pay attention to their power. Ophthalmologists recommend choosing light sources with a power of 40 to 60 watts. It is especially important to follow this advice when it comes to a child. Using too weak or too powerful lamps will lead to poor vision (in the first case, there will be poor visibility, in the second, bright light will blind). The maximum allowable power rating is 100 watts.

Feature of LED lamps - high quality of light at low power. To provide the same level of illumination of the student's workplace as an incandescent lamp, diodes of much lower power will be required. For example, a 60-watt incandescent bulb is replaced by a 10-watt LED device.

The best option is a lamp with power control. Such a device is more expensive, but it allows you to provide more comfortable lighting. For example, when reading paper, it is better to reduce the lighting power, and when working with a computer, increase it.

Colorful temperature

An important indicator of the operation of a lighting device is color temperature. Light sources of the same power characteristics can give different types colors: white, day, cold or warm. Cold white or daylight leads to rapid fatigue of the child's eyes. It is recommended to use warm colors to illuminate the workplace. The color temperature for comfortable reading should be within 2700–3200 K, the luminous flux should be within 400–700 lm.

Note! For incandescent lamps, the concept of color temperature is not applicable, since they always give only warm light.

Shade shape and material

It is not recommended to choose table lamps with too complex shapes of shades - this is impractical. The optimal execution of the ceiling is in the form of a trapezoid. A trapezoidal plafond allows you to most effectively distribute the flow of light and create comfortable lighting for children's eyes.

The color of the ceiling should not be too bright, so as not to irritate the eyes. It is best if the lamp is in soft pastel colors.

Important! The surface of the lamp should not be glossy. Such material gives glare, so you need to choose a lighting fixture with a matte surface.

An important issue is the material from which the lamp is made. Preference should be given only to high-quality plastic. Cheap plastic will not withstand high temperatures and sooner or later will melt. You should not buy metal ceiling lamps, because it is easy to get burned on them.

Conclusion

Even the most expensive and high-quality table lamp will not replace natural light for a child. For long-term work at the desk, you need not only local, but also general light. The brightness of the general light may be small. The best option is combined lighting. In this case, the child's eyes will be less tired during classes.

Target: introduce children to light sources (torch, candle, lamp); to develop elementary historical ideas, operations, analysis and synthesis; fix the rules for the safe handling of electrical equipment; learn how to save energy.

Material: torch, candle, kerosene and table lamps, task cards, pictograms, costume elements, drawing material.

Lesson progress

Educator (V.). Guys, Beregosha sent us this mysterious box (shows). Tried to sort things out on our own. And if you have any problems, contact him.

What do you think, what could be here? (Listens to the suggestions of the children and invites them to open the box. The children take out a torch, a candle, a kerosene and a table lamp on the table.)

What are these mysterious objects? What connects them? (All of them served in different times for home lighting). Let's see how they burn. (Burns up in turn.)

Let's analyze how all these light sources are good.

Lightbulb Adventures

Game complex

Tasks:

safe behavior

Play equipment:

didactic box "Identify by touch!"; cards with a schematic representation of a toy; pictures for the game "The story of the light bulb." (sun, fire, torch, candle, kerosene lamp, modern electric light bulb); sets of counting sticks.

The course of the game complex

teacher (B). Guys, listen... Is someone crying?

Fits in a closed box. The teacher looks into the box.

Guess what I saw in this box:

The sun shone brightly

But when it left

We immediately felt sad

Very gloomy and dark.

Only I do not lose heart -

And I turn on the light.

The sun lives in a vase

The vase pours wonderful light!

Here it is, magical

The sun is electric!

Who can help us answer

What kind of vase shines for us?

Children. This is a lamp! (Children find a light bulb model in the box).

V. Light bulb, why are you here? Why are you crying? Guys, what do you think could happen to this light bulb? (She was lost, she was forgotten, she was left alone, etc.)

Let's ask her ourselves.

Bulb. Oh, I'm unhappy ... Everyone forgot me, abandoned me, left me .... I lived in a house with a large and friendly family: girl Anya, boy Vanya, their mom and dad, grandma and grandpa. But they really offended me...

The girl Anya went to Kindergarten and was a terrible coward.

V. Children, what do you think, why could the light bulb be offended by the girl Anya? (The girl Anya was afraid of the dark, did not turn off the light in the room even during the day).

Guys, are any of you afraid of the dark? What can be scary in the dark? (You can fall, hit, get hurt; you can be afraid of an unfamiliar object, etc.)

Let's try to imagine ourselves in the place of this girl, let's play the dark room game.

Target: develop the ability to recognize familiar objects in a darkened room; stimulate the development of visual and tactile perception, develop the ability to correlate a schematic image with an object.

Game actions: recognize an object by touch and name it.

V. Sometimes there is an accident at a power plant, a power line break. People in houses have to do something in the dark. For example, find a candle, matches. Have you ever tried to turn off the lights in the whole house in the evening? What did you feel? what does a person do in such a case?

Children. It immediately becomes dark, uncomfortable and even a little scary. You have to walk with your hand outstretched in front of you so as not to stumble on the furniture, as if you were blind! Even when your eyes get used to the darkness, you cannot find your favorite toy, read, draw, stumble where you would never stumble during the day... I want to turn on the light as soon as possible.

V. Imagine that you are in a dark room. This box for your hands is a big dark room. There are various items there.

Each of you gets a card that shows one of the items. You need to find the same object in this “dark room” by touch.

V. Guys, I see you are not afraid of the dark at all! Well done. What can we advise the girl so that the Light Bulb does not take offense? (Turn on the light only when necessary).

Bulb. Well, guys, is it convenient to play, read, work without light? You understand what an electric lamp is for! (It is needed in order to give light wherever a person is - at home, on the street, in transport and other places).

Ancient people lived in caves and did without electric light. How did they light up their home? (Bonfire). Do you know my ancestors - how did people illuminate their homes at different times?

V. Guys, let's tell the light bulb its story!

Word game "The story of the light bulb"

Target: to consolidate children's ideas about the history of the appearance of an electric light bulb; stimulate the development of coherent speech.

Game actions: pick up cards in accordance with the appearance of an object in people's lives, make a chain and talk about the object.

Material: pictures for the game "The story of the light bulb."

Educator. How was human housing illuminated before the advent of electric light? Recall your stories about the history of the light bulb that you composed with your parents.

Sample children's stories:

The child puts the first picture “sun”: “Before a person learned to use fire, the only thing for him was the sun. But when night fell, people were threatened by wild animals that saw well in the dark and could attack a person. If the night caught people in the forest, they could get lost and not find their way home.

The second picture is “bonfire”: “When a person learned to make fire and keep it, the fire became for a person both light and warmth in a cave. It burned in the cave, giving both light and heat, and served as protection against predators.”

The third picture is a “torch”: “Then people illuminated their dwellings with torches. This is the most common sliver, only pointed at the end. Usually a torch was made of birch: this tree burns better than others. One end of the torch was fixed, and the other was lit. There is little light from the torch, it quickly burns out and smokes a lot, it had to be changed often, to make sure that there was no fire.

Picture “candle”: “From beeswax, people learned to make candles that burned longer than a torch. Inside the candle there is a wick made of thread. This very convenient invention is used and today they are often used as New Year's gifts.

What do you think is the disadvantage of a candle?

Children. You can burn yourself with it, there can be a fire from it, it smokes, it gives little light.

Picture "kerosene lamp": "Gradually, people learned how to extract various minerals: coal and oil. Then kerosene lamps appeared, in which you can make the flame stronger or smaller at the request of the owner. It was economical and convenient. Behind the glass flask, the flame became safe.

Was the kerosene lamp convenient? Why?

Children. The kerosene lamp did not light the room well; kerosene had to be constantly poured into it. If someone accidentally knocked over the lamp, the kerosene spilled and a fire broke out.

Picture "electric light bulb": "When a person learned about electricity, he invented an electric light bulb. She still illuminates our apartments and streets. Now in our homes there are many different beautiful lamps - which ones do you know? (Chandeliers, sconces, table lamps, floor lamps).

Bulb. Thanks guys, I'm so glad to hear from you! You seem to know a lot about me...

V. What made you sad again?

Bulb. Many people know about electricity, about my history, but ... they do not feel sorry for me, they do not know how to use it correctly. For example, the boy Vanya had a lot of battery-operated toys. But he broke them all...

V. Why could the light bulb be offended by the boy Vanya? (When his parents did not see him, Vanya twisted all the light bulbs out of toys). Guys, why can't you do this? (A toy deteriorates, a light bulb can deteriorate, break, this action is dangerous for children, etc.).

Where else can we find a light bulb?

The game "Where does the light bulb live?"

Target: to consolidate children's ideas about electrical appliances, to stimulate the development of coherent speech.

Game actions: choose pictures depicting objects that have a light bulb, indicate its place on the object using a small symbol, explain its purpose.

Material: pictures depicting various objects; red cardboard circle.

Game progress

V. Find in the pictures only those objects that can contain an electric light bulb. Mark this picture with a red circle. Explain why this item needs an electric light bulb.

Pictures: refrigerator, table, TV, bookshelf, vacuum cleaner, fur coat, telephone, vase, stove, book, iron, carpet, battery toys, flashlight, computer, audio tape recorder, radio, record player, alarm device, mixer, etc.

V. A light bulb is a necessary element of any electrical appliance.

Bulb. Mom in this family works all day at work, but what else does she have to do at home? (Washes, cooks, cleans, sews, etc.)

V. Why could Light Bulb be offended by Anya and Vanya's mother? (Included at the same time electrical appliances)

Bulb. Guys, what do you think, is it always necessary to use an electrical appliance in everyday life? Can mechanical devices be used? Why?

V. Dear Light Bulb, we will now play with the guys in the game "Find the right objects", in which you can also participate!

Game "Find the matching items"

Target: to consolidate children's ideas about how to act with various electrical devices, to stimulate the development of mental logical operations, coherent speech.

Game actions: the “Good” command names the positive aspects of using a particular household appliance. The "Bad" team finds negative points in using the same device.

Material: pictures of various household appliances and similar household items.

V. Choose from a set of pictures a pair of objects that match each other in action. For example, an electric mixer, a mechanical mixer, a whisk.

Refrigerator - pantry, cellar;

Electric kettle - an ordinary kettle;

Washing machine - washboard and basin with water;

Dishwasher - kitchen sink;

Toaster - frying pan - brazier for a fire, etc.

V. Now you understand what great value has a light bulb in our lives? Without it, the whole world would become dark and gloomy. In order for our world to be illuminated by electricity, we must treat it carefully, economically, be attentive, turn off the lights and electrical appliances in time so as not to waste electricity.

Bulb. The father in this family does not like to fix household electrical appliances. There were a lot of them in the pantry.

V. Guys, can we help him “fix” all the appliances?

The game "Lay out of the sticks»

Target: Exercise children in independent searches for ways to draw up figures based on preliminary reflection on the course of the decision.

Game actions: make up the contour of an object from counting sticks in accordance with the proposed silhouette, make assumptions about the transformation of the figure.

Material: sets of counting sticks.

Game progress

V. Look at the picture - what does it look like? (This is a lamp). The father of these children cannot repair this lamp in any way. Help him arrange the elements of the counting sticks correctly. (Perform together).

Now each of you can choose your favorite lamp.

Shows silhouettes different types lamps:

Name them.

Children. Floor lamp, wall lamp, chandelier, table lamp, lantern, etc.

V. Each of you has chosen one of these silhouettes. Decide first what geometric shapes it consists of? then independently lay out the same lamp from counting sticks.

Bulb. Well done boys! What different and beautiful lamps you got! Among them there are also new - economical light bulbs. But grandparents Anya and Vanya do not change old incandescent bulbs for new energy-saving ones.

V. Guys, why do you think? Remember how we explored the differences between an ordinary incandescent lamp and an energy-saving lamp in the project. Let's try to convince the guys' grandparents of the need to replace old light bulbs.

Game "Finish the sentence"

Target: to consolidate children's ideas about ways to save electricity; stimulate development logical thinking, connected speech.

Game actions: come up with a variety of answers to the question asked, complete the sentence started by the teacher.

Material: envelope, cards with questions, unfinished sentences.

Game progress

V. I have an envelope from my grandparents with questions.

The new energy-saving light bulb is better because... (Lights longer than an ordinary incandescent bulb, saves energy, less negative impact on the environment, etc.)

Mom and Dad replaced old light bulbs with energy-saving ones because……...

Turn off the lights when you leave the room because...

Save energy because...

You can not turn on many electrical appliances at the same time, because ...

If you do not turn off the light day and night, then ...

If all the lights in the house suddenly went out, then ...

The lights on the street stopped shining, so ... etc.

Bulb. You guys are great!

Educator. Guys, we can give this family our memos on how to handle electrical appliances, how to save electricity, which you made together with your parents: “When leaving, turn off the light!”, “Save electricity!”, “Make the right choice!”, “Do not light empty rooms!”, “Do not turn on many electrical appliances at the same time!” and etc.

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