GOST 6665-91. Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones

Used in road construction and landscape design different kinds curb railings. They are installed along roads, at public transport stops. They frame pedestrian paths, and also separate green spaces in park areas and squares. Industrial products combine functionality and attractiveness. appearance. Knowing the purpose, it is important to choose the right curb stone in size and shape, GOST regulates the dimensions for all types. It remains only to purchase and install the necessary product with high quality.

Features of the use of different types of products

According to the terminology used in the current standard, a curb stone is called a concrete or reinforced concrete side stone.

It has been used for centuries in various fields:

• in road construction to separate the pedestrian traffic area from the carriageway. This allows you to create safe conditions for movement, and also fixes the roadbed;
• in the improvement of recreation areas, landscape design, as well as for the design of garden plots. It separates green spaces, protecting the soil from erosion by water.

The product is made from high-quality concrete mix by semi-dry vibration pressing, which allows for increased performance. The normative document allows the manufacture of granite stone, as well as reinforced concrete.

Curbs made by semi-dry vibrocompression have high quality characteristics

Side stone GOST classifies by types that differ in scope:

• road. It is in demand in the construction of roads in settlements, when creating a border between the carriageway and the pedestrian area. The stone ensures the integrity of the roadbed, making it difficult to move under the influence of loads, and also strengthens the sidewalk;
• trunk. It is used in the field of road construction in the construction of highways located outside settlements. According to the standard, it is made of concrete of higher grades, which increases its strength and service life. Differs in the increased length;
• sidewalk. It is indispensable in the implementation of measures for the improvement of park areas, city squares, paths, squares, sidewalks. Provides protection of lawns, flower beds, beds from erosion as a result of intensive rainfall. It is characterized by a variety of shapes and colors;
• garden. The shape of the section resembles a paving stone, however, it has an increased length and a reduced width compared to a paving stone. It is used when creating recreation areas, landscaping parks, decorating squares, as well as decorative finishing of lawns on summer cottages;
• lawn. It is a fairly popular variety of curbstones. It is used as a decorative element in the design of paths and flower beds located in suburban areas, as well as in the breakdown of garden areas. Differs in the reduced size on height, small weight.

All types of curb stone are used to organize drainage, as they rise above the main surface. This allows you to direct the flow of water in the right direction.

The main types of vibropressed curbs are main curbs, road curbs and garden curbs.

What are the characteristics of the road curb GOST 6665-91

Made in accordance with the requirements of the standard, the curb has many advantages:

• increased strength and wear resistance. These properties are achieved by manufacturing according to progressive technology using high grades of concrete or by manufacturing products from natural stone;
• resistance to moisture. Granite practically does not absorb moisture, and molded products are characterized by low hygroscopicity. This is achieved by introducing various additives;
• resistance to negative temperatures. Due to the reduced hygroscopicity, the integrity of the product is maintained during water crystallization. However, if the technology is violated, the products can quickly collapse.

The side stone has the following parameters:

• configuration;
• sizes;
• section shape.

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Various products of a straight and radius shape are used, which, depending on the design, may have a chute for draining water.

Install a road curb stone on city roads, in yard driveways, parking areas

How is the length of the curb stone determined by marking

All products are marked with a special designation. The letter marking is deciphered quite simply:

• BR - designation of an ordinary curb;
• BU - a rectangular product with a broadening;
• BUP - similar to BU, but the broadening is discontinuous;
• BL - abbreviation for products with a tray for draining water;
• BV - exit version with a sloping side;
• BK - a curvilinear border with a beveled top.

Expert opinion: Curb stone, dimensions according to GOST

Road curbs are used daily in the improvement of city roads, park areas and streets. There are several types of products, each of them has its own marking of two letters. The product marking also indicates the length, height and width of the stone. GOST 6665-91 is valid and applies to concrete and reinforced concrete side products made of sand and heavy concrete.

Dmitry Orlov

The length, as well as the width and height of the product are easily determined by its marking. Consider the designation BR100.30.18:

• the number 100 - indicates the length, expressed in centimeters;
• index 30 - corresponds to a height that is 300 mm;
• designation 18 - characterizes the width of the stone, equal to 18 cm.

By marking it is easy to determine the type of product, as well as its dimensions. This allows you to calculate the need for products for the improvement of a site with a certain size.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Stones should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

1.2. Main parameters and dimensions

1.2.1. Stones are divided into types:

BR - straight privates;

BU - straight lines with broadening;

BUP - straight lines with discontinuous broadening;

BL - straight lines with a tray;

BV - entry;

BC - curvilinear.

1.2.2. The grades, shape and class of concrete in terms of compressive strength of stones must correspond to those indicated in Table. 1, and the dimensions and indicators of the material consumption of stones - Appendix 1.

Other shapes and sizes of stones, as well as changes in the reinforcement of stones without increasing the consumption of reinforcing steel, are allowed, in agreement with the Mosinzhproekt Institute of the Main Architecture of the Moscow City Executive Committee and the consumer.

1.2.3. The top, bottom and vertical faces of the stones must be mutually perpendicular.

Brands and shape of stones

Table 1

Stamps	Form	Compressive strength class of concrete	reference weight, t		Appointment of stones
BR 100.30.15 BR 300.30.15 BR 60.30.15-A-IV				0,10 0,32 0,61
BR 100.30.18 BR 300.30.18 BR 600.30.18-A-IV		B30		0,12 0,38 0,77	To separate the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks, lawns, public transport stops and a separate tram track
BR 300.45.18 BR 600.45.18-A-IV (A-V)				0,58 1,17	For separating the carriageway from sidewalks at ramps with an embankment less than 2 m high and dividing lanes
BR 300.60.20 BR 600.60.20-A-IV (A-V)				0,88 0,76	For separating the carriageway from sidewalks in tunnels, ramp parts of tunnels and at ramps with an embankment more than 2 m high
BR 100.20.8		B22.5		0,04	For separating walkways and sidewalks from lawns
BU300.30.29 BUP300.30.29		B30		0,40 0,34	To separate the carriageway of intra-block passages from sidewalks and lawns
BU300.30.32 BUP300.30.32 BUP600.30.32-A-IV				0,47 0,41 0,79	For separating the carriageway of streets, roads from sidewalks and lawns
BL300.32.68 BL300.32.93 BL300.32.118				1,05 1,37 1,60	For separating the carriageway of streets, roads from sidewalks and lawns and for arranging safety lanes
BV 100.30.15				0,10	For separating the carriageway of intra-block passages when arranging entrances to sidewalks in combination with stones of grades BR100.30.15 and BR300.30.15
BV 100.30.18		B30		0,12	For separating the carriageway of streets and roads when arranging entrances to sidewalks in combination with stones of grades BR100.300.18 and BR300.30. eighteen
BC 100.30.18.5 BK100.30.18.8 BK100.30.18.12 BC 100.30.18.15				0,12	For separating the carriageway of intra-block passages from sidewalks and lawns on curves in combination with stones of grades BR 100.30.15 and BR300.20.15
BK100.30.21.5 BK100.30.21.8 BC 100.30.21.12				0,14	For separating the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks and lawns on curves in combination with stones of grades BR 100.30.18 and BR 300.30.18
ramp stone				By project	For pairing the pavements of cycle paths and sidewalks with heavy traffic of children and wheelchairs etc. with pavement of carriageways of streets and roads at intersections
Note. The length of the ramp (la) for sidewalk pavements made of prefabricated slabs is taken as a multiple of the size of the slabs, and other dimensions - depending on the brand of stone.

It is allowed to manufacture stones with a technological slope of non-facial vertical faces up to 5%, rounding of the facial faces with a radius of up to 5 mm and non-facial - up to 15 mm or chamfers up to 10 mm wide.

1.2.4. Reinforcement of stones is given in Appendix 2, with a feasibility study, the reinforcement option given in Appendix 3 is allowed.

1.2.5. Stones with a length of 1.0 m from fine-grained concrete should be made using vibrocompression technology or another technology that provides physical and mechanical characteristics according to this standard.

Stones 3.0 and 6.0 m long should be made of heavy concrete, reinforced.

Note. Stones with a length of 1.0 m from heavy concrete are allowed to be made until 01.01.96.

1.2.6. Stones are marked with brands in accordance with GOST 23009.

The brand of the stone consists of alphanumeric groups separated by a dash.

The first group contains the designation of the type of stone, the length, height and width of the stone in centimeters, the radius of curvature in meters for curvilinear stones; the second is the class of prestressing reinforcement.

An example of a symbol for a stoneBR type 1000 mm long, 300 mm high and 180 mm wide:

BR 100.30.18

The same, type BK 1000 mm long, 300 mm high and 180 mm wide with a curvature radius of 8 m:

BC 100.30.18.8

The same, type BR 6000 mm long, 300 mm high and 180 mm wide with class A prestressing reinforcementIV:

BR600.30.18-AIV

1.3. Specifications

1.3.1. Stones must be strong and crack-resistant. Reinforced stones when tested for strength and crack resistance by loading must withstand the control loads given in Table. 2.

1.3.2. Concrete of stones of grade BR 100.20.8 must correspond to the class of concrete in terms of compressive strength of at least B22.5, and concrete of other grades of stones - at least B30.

The class of concrete in terms of tensile strength in bending is taken not less than B tb 3.2 for stones of grade BR 100.20.8 and not less than B tb 4.0 - for other brands.

table 2

Stone brand	strength test	crack resistance testing
BR300.30.15	13,75 (1,40)	7,55 (0,77)
BR300.30.18	13,44 (1,37)	7,35 (0,75)
BR300.45.18	5,96 (0,61)	3,28 (0,33)
BR300.60.20	5,38 (0,55)	2,96 (0,30)
BR600.30.15-A-IV	5,43 (0,56)	2,99 (0,31)
BR600.30.18-A-IV	6,73 (0,69)	3,70 (0,38)
BR600.45.18-A-IV	9,37 (0,96)	5,15 (0,53)
BR600.45.18-A-V	8,55 (0,87)	4,70 (0,48)
BR600.60.20-A-IV	14,43 (1,47)	7,93 (0,81)
BR600.60.20-A-V	14,53 (1,48)	7,99 (0,82)
BU300.30.29	13,28 (1,36)	7,30 (0,75)
BU300.30.32	12,86 (1,31)	7,07 (0,72)
BUP300.30.29	13,61 (1,39)	7,49 (0,76)
BUP300.30.32	13,22 (1,35)	7,27 (0,74)
BUP600.30.32-A-IV	10,85 (1,11)	5,97 (0,61)

1.3.3. The value of the normalized tempering strength of fine-grained concrete should be 90% of the concrete class for compressive strength and the class of concrete for tensile strength in bending at any time of the year.

The value of the normalized tempering strength of heavy concrete should be 90% of the concrete class in terms of compressive strength and the concrete class in terms of tensile strength in bending in the cold season and 70% in the warm season.

Note. Periods of the year are taken starting and ending with months characterized by the average monthly outdoor temperature in accordance with SNiP 2.01.01 and GOST 13015.0.

The transfer of compression forces to concrete (reinforcement tension release) should be carried out after the concrete reaches the normalized transfer strength.

The actual strength of concrete must comply with the required according to GOST 18105, depending on the normalized strength and indicators of the actual uniformity of concrete strength.

1.3.4. The brand of concrete for frost resistance is accepted according to the construction project, but not lower than that indicated in Table. 3, depending on the estimated outdoor temperature of the coldest five-day period of the construction area and indicate in the order for the manufacture of stones.

1.3.5. Water absorption of concrete stones should not exceed by weight,%:

6 - for stones made of fine-grained concrete;

5 - for heavy concrete stones

Table 3

Estimated outdoor air temperature of the coldest five-day period of the construction area,° WITH	Concrete grade for frost resistance
Below - 45	F300
From - 15 to - 45 incl.	F200
» -5 to -15 incl.	F150
» 0 to -5 incl.	F100

1.3.6. The selection of the concrete composition is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 27006 and recommendations, manuals and methods of research institutes approved in the prescribed manner.

The water/cement ratio (W/C) should not exceed 0.40.

1.3.7. Concrete mixtures are prepared according to GOST 7473 using air-entraining additives.

Concrete mixtures for heavy concrete with a workability grade of P2 or P3 with a mobility of not more than 12 cm should be prepared with the obligatory use of plasticizing additives.

1.3.8. The volume of entrained air in concrete mixtures with the use of air-entraining additives should be from 4 to 5%.

1.3.9. For the preparation of a concrete mixture, Portland cement without additives, Portland cement with mineral additives up to 5% or Portland cement for concrete road and airfield pavements of a grade of at least 400, containing no more than 5% M in cement clinker, should be used.go(magnesium oxide) and not more than 8% C 3 A (tricalcium aluminate), corresponding to GOST 10178.

1.3.10. As aggregates for concrete should be used:

natural enriched and fractionated, as well as crushed enriched sands according to GOST 8736, meeting the requirements of GOST 26633;

rubble from natural stone, gravel and blast-furnace slag according to GOST 8267, GOST 10260, GOST 3344, meeting the requirements of GOST 26633.

For the optimal composition of fine-grained concrete, sands with a particle size modulus of at least 2.2 are used, and for heavy concrete - at least 2.0. largest size coarse aggregate grains 20 mm.

1.3.11. In order to save cement for concrete, other materials should also be used - fly ash, slag and ash and slag mixtures from thermal power plants in accordance with GOST 25592 and GOST 25818 that meet the requirements of GOST 26633.

1.3.12. The grade of crushed stone in terms of compressive strength must be at least 1000.

1.3.13. The brand of crushed stone in terms of frost resistance should not be lower than F200 and ensure that concrete of the design grade for frost resistance is obtained.

1.3.14. Additives used for the preparation of concrete mix must meet the requirements of GOST 24211, GOST 26633 and ensure the production of concrete that meets the requirements for frost resistance.

The types and volume (mass) of the introduced additives are determined empirically depending on the type and quality of the materials used to prepare the concrete mixture, the steaming (hardening) modes of the concrete.

1.3.15. As a hardening accelerator for concrete mixtures of unreinforced stones from fine-grained concrete, calcium chloride according to GOST 450 or calcium nitrite-nitrate-chloride according to TU 6-03-7-04 in a volume of up to 3% by weight of cement should be used.

1.3.16. Water for concrete preparation - according to GOST 23732.

1.3.17. During heat and moisture treatment of concrete, mild curing conditions (temperature not higher than 70 ° C) should be observed with a maximum rate of rise and decrease in the treatment temperature of not more than 25 ° C / h.

1.3.18. Reinforcing steel should be used to reinforce stones:

as prestressing reinforcement - bar hot-rolled periodic profile steel of classes A-IV and A-Vaccording to GOST 5781;

as prestressing reinforcement it is allowed to use rod thermomechanically and thermally hardened periodic profile steel of classes At-IV and At-Vaccording to GOST 10884;

as non-stressed reinforcement - hot-rolled steel of classes A-IIIand A-Iin accordance with GOST 5781 and reinforcing ordinary wire of a periodic profile of class Vr-Iaccording to GOST 6727;

for mounting loops, rod hot-rolled smooth fittings made of class A-steel should be usedIgrades VSt3sp2 and VSt3ps2 with a diameter of 6-12 mm according to GOST 5781.

1.3.19. When the calculated winter temperature is below minus 40 °C, it is forbidden to use steel grade VSt3ps2 according to GOST 5781 for mounting loops.

1.3.20. The values ​​of stresses in the prestressed reinforcement, controlled after the end of the tension on the stops, should be:

695.8 MPa (7100 kgf / cm 2) - for class reinforcement A- V;

499.8 MPa (5100 kgf / cm 2) » » » A- IV.

Deviations of stress values ​​should not exceed when tensioning the reinforcement:

± 88.2 MPa (± 900 kgf / cm 2) - by electrothermal method;

5, +10% - mechanically.

1.3.21. Welded reinforcing products must comply with GOST 10922 and GOST 23279.

1.3.22. Types, design and dimensions of welded joints of reinforcement - according to GOST 14098.

1.3.23. The values ​​of the actual deviations of the geometric parameters of the stones should not exceed the limit values ​​indicated in Table. 4.

Table 4

mm

The name of the deviation of the geometric parameter	Geometric parameter name	Previous off
Deviation from linear	Stone length:
size	1000	±6
	3000	±10
	6000	±10
	Height:
	up to 200	±4
	St. 200 to 500	±5
	» 500	±6
	Width:
	along the top edge	±4
	by reason	±6
Deviation from	Stone length:
profile straightness	1000
top surface throughout	3 000
length	6000
Deviation from perpendicularity of the end and adjacent faces at the height of the stone:
up to 500
St. 500

1.3.24. For reinforced stones, the deviation from the thickness of the concrete protective layer should not exceed ± 5 mm.

1.3.25. The deviation of the profile of the front surface of curvilinear stones from the nominal curvature should not exceed 5 mm.

1.3.27. Cracks on the surface of stones are not allowed, with the exception of surface cracks with a width of not more than 0.1 mm and a length of up to 50 mm, in an amount of not more than 5 pcs. per 1 m 2 of the surface of reinforced stones made of heavy concrete.

1.4. Marking

The marking must be applied with indelible paint on the end face of at least 10% of the stones from the batch in accordance with GOST 13015.2.

In the brand of stones 3.0 and 6.0 m long, their mass should be additionally indicated.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Stones are accepted in batches in accordance with GOST 13015.1 and this standard.

2.2. Stones accept:

according to the results of periodic tests - in terms of strength, crack resistance, frost resistance, water absorption;

according to the results of acceptance tests - in terms of strength (class of concrete in terms of compressive strength, transfer and tempering strength), compliance of reinforcing products with this standard, strength of welded joints, accuracy of geometric parameters, thickness of the concrete protective layer to reinforcement, crack opening width, category of concrete surfaces, grades according to the workability of the concrete mixture, the volume of entrained air of concrete mixtures with air-entraining additives.

2.3. Periodic loading tests of prestressed stones to control their strength and crack resistance, as well as to determine the tensile strength of concrete in bending, are carried out before the start of mass production of stones and in the future - when making structural changes to them, changing the manufacturing technology and quality of materials in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.1.

In the process of mass production of stones, tests for crack resistance by loading, as well as for tensile strength in bending, are carried out at least once every 6 months.

2.4. Concrete stones for frost resistance and water absorption are tested during the development of production, changes in the nominal composition of concrete, technology, type and quality of materials, but at least once every 6 months.

2.5. The workability of the concrete mixture is checked at least once per shift.

2.6. The volume of entrained air in concrete mixtures with air-entraining additives is checked at least once per shift.

2.7. Stones according to the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the concrete protective layer to the reinforcement, the location of the reinforcement, the presence of mounting loops, the category of the concrete surface and the width of the opening of technological cracks should be taken according to the results of selective control in accordance with Table. 5 for heavy concrete stones and in accordance with Table. 6 - for stones made of fine-grained concrete, made by vibrocompression.

Table 5

PC.

	Volume	Volume	Rejection number
Lot size	first sample	second sample	for the first sample	for two samples
Up to 90
91 to 150
» 151 » 280
» 281 » 500
» 501 » 1200
» 1201 » 3200
St. 3200

Table 6 5

St. 1200

A batch of stones not accepted based on the results of selective control must be accepted individually. At the same time, the acceptance of stones should be carried out according to the indicators for which the batch was not accepted.

The possibility of using stones that do not correspond in terms of strength and frost resistance is established by the design organization.

2.8. The strength control of concrete stones is carried out according to GOST 18105.

2.9. The consumer has the right to conduct a control check of the conformity of the stones specified in the order with the requirements of this standard.

2.10. Quality document - according to GOST 13015.3. It is necessary to enter the brand of concrete for frost resistance and indicators of water absorption of concrete into the quality document.

At the request of the consumer, the results of control tests of stones for strength and crack resistance in accordance with GOST 8829 are entered into the quality document.

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Load testing of stones to control their strength and crack resistance is carried out in accordance with GOST 8829.

The scheme and position of the stone during the test are shown in Fig. 1 and in table. 7.

R -

Crap. one

Table 7

Stone brand	The position of the stone during the test	l , mm	a, mm
BR300.30.15 BR300.30.18		3000	750
BR300.45.18 BR300.60.20
BR600.30.15-A-IV BR600.30.18-A-IV BR600.45.18-A-IV(A-V) BR600.60.20-A-IV(A-V)		6000	1500
BU 300.30.29 BUP300.30.32

Side stones or curb stones BV entry concrete are construction products that are used in road construction for road construction in order to separate the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, public transport stops, etc. As the name implies, BV sidewalks are used in areas where motor vehicles enter the pavement.

The high strength of BV concrete curbstones makes it possible to prevent soil displacement, strengthen the roadbed and paving slabs, preventing them from spreading. BV side stones can withstand any mechanical load, including a collision with vehicles, easily endure the effects of various climatic conditions and do not collapse under the influence of chemical compounds. The use of curbs favorably affects the operational life of road and sidewalk coatings.

Another important advantage of using BV concrete side stones as curbs is the ease of repair: in case of damage to the side stone, major repairs are not required, it is enough to replace the damaged element with a new one.

Side concrete BV stones are made of concrete, but it is possible to manufacture curbs from igneous, sedimentary and cast rocks. However, with similar strength characteristics, low labor intensity and low cost of concrete products and products make it possible to facilitate and speed up road construction, which favorably affects the economy not only of a single industry, but of the entire country as a whole.

The stone onboard BV, like an ordinary curb, is a rectangular slab, but has a larger bevel-slope, which is necessary to ensure unimpeded entry of vehicles onto the sidewalk. Side entry stones are made exclusively of concrete, without reinforcement.

BV side stones are installed directly into the ground or on a concrete base before the paving is started. A trench prepared in advance is rammed with crushed stone, sand or poured with monolithic concrete. The width of the trench in this case should be slightly larger than the width of the curbs laid in it. Side stones are installed in such a way that the recessed part of the curb is equal in height to its above-ground part. In the gaps left on each side due to the greater width of the trench, a reinforcing mortar consisting of sand, cement and water is poured.

Reinforced concrete side entry stones BV are manufactured in accordance with GOST 6665-91 “Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones. Specifications" from fine-grained concrete of class B30 in terms of compressive strength. The frost resistance class of concrete is assigned depending on the estimated outdoor temperature of the coldest five-day period of the construction area: at a design temperature of -5 ° C and above, the frost resistance class of concrete is F100, at temperatures ranging from -5 ° C to -15 ° C inclusive - F150, from -15°С to -45°С - F200, at temperatures below -45°С - F300. Water absorption of concrete of BV side stones should not exceed 6% of the mass for stones.

Entry side stone ( BV 100.30.15 ) - concrete stone intended for separating the carriageway of driveways inside city blocks and for arranging entrances to sidewalks. Entry stones are used in combination with ordinary stones of the BR type. BV 100-30.15 curb stone is widely used to separate the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks. The use of such curbs effectively prevents the blurring of roadsides, roadways, slopes, and urban landscape design. In particular, side stones are necessary if the sidewalk is covered with paving slabs. Curbs are produced by vibropressing and vibrocasting methods, strict quality requirements and standards for the production of curbs are enshrined in GOST 6665-91

BV curbstones are made unreinforced, from fine-grained concrete with a strength of at least B30. The side stone can be either with a slope of the non-face face up to 5%, or with a rounding with a radius of up to 30 mm.

The main operational characteristics of curbs are strength and frost resistance. In order for the side stone to be frost-resistant, sand is specially added to the concrete, which gives the material both heaviness and strength at the same time. The brand of concrete for frost resistance for curbs depends on the area of ​​​​their application and varies from F100 to F300. Water absorption of concrete curbs is not more than 6%.

Another important characteristic borders is a uniform color. So that the stones do not differ in shades and do not spoil the color composition of the entire border, they are evenly colored throughout the entire depth during the manufacturing process.

Also, the entrance curb stone has mounting loops for ease of lifting, since this concrete product has a significant mass.

Product marking

The stone symbol consists of alphanumeric groups separated by a dash. The type of stone, length, height and width of the BV stone in centimeters is indicated

As an example of marking a side stone, consider BV 100-30-15 (1000x 150x 300mm), where:

• BV - type of stone - side entrance;
• length, width, height in cm.

Markings of side stones are applied to the end face of at least 10% of the stones from the batch.

Product quality control

Curb stones should not have cracks, except a small amount barely noticeable surface cracks no more than one tenth of a millimeter wide.

Deviations in the geometrical parameters of the entry stones along the length can be no more than ± 6, in width ± 4, in height ± 5 mm. Deviations in straightness are possible no more than 6 mm.

On the acceptance tests indicators are tested:

• class of concrete in terms of compressive strength;
• transfer and tempering strength of concrete;
• accuracy of geometric parameters;
• the presence and width of possible cracks;
• concrete surface categories;
• grades for concrete mix workability,
• the volume of air entrained in concrete mixtures with air-entraining additives.

party ordinary curb stones must be accompanied by a document from the manufacturer (technical passport), which certifies the quality of the BV side stones. V registration certificate indicate:

• batch number of BV stones, symbol, total quantity in pieces;
• BV test results;
• brand of concrete for strength and tempering strength of concrete;
• brand of concrete for frost resistance;
• class of prestressing reinforcement;
• GOST designation.

Transport and storage

Curbstones are transported by various vehicles packed in bags. It is important that the bags are secured with wire or other means to avoid damaging the stones.

preservation of stones. For the same reason, it is worth making sure that unloading does not go in bulk or dropping.

BV side stones are stored in stacks no higher than 2 meters, on wooden spacers, sorted by brand and size.

To achieve the goal - that is, a reliable separation of roadways from sidewalks and lawns with the help of a curb stone, it must be placed on a specially prepared base - crushed stone, concrete or sand. In this case, with correct installation, the road entrance curb will fulfill its direct function and last a long time.

Side stones or curbs are building products made from concrete or from igneous, sedimentary and cast rocks, which are widely used in road construction for arranging roads and separating the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, public transport stops, etc. .d.

High-strength concrete and reinforced concrete side stones, in addition to the main function of separating the roadway from sidewalks, prevent soil displacement, strengthen the roadbed and paving slabs, preventing it from spreading. Side stones withstand any mechanical stress (including collision with vehicles), the impact of climatic conditions and moisture, do not collapse from the action of chemical compounds. Thus, we can conclude that the use of curbs favorably affects the service life of road and sidewalk pavements.

Side stones are divided into sidewalk and road. Sidewalk stones, as a rule, are smaller and are made of fine-grained concrete, road stones - from 1 to 6 m in size are made only from heavy concrete reinforced with a steel frame. Side stones also play an important role in safety. traffic. They are installed at a certain height relative to the roadway, limiting the movement of pedestrians and vehicles and preventing accidental entry of vehicles onto the sidewalk or into the oncoming lane.

Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones are quite easy to install. They are installed directly into the ground or onto a concrete base, as a rule, before the start of the paving. First, they dig a trench, which is rammed with sand, gravel or poured with monolithic concrete. The width of the trench should be slightly larger than the width of the curbs. Then, side stones are installed, and in such a way that the recessed part of the curb is equal in height to its above-ground part. In the gaps left on each side due to the greater width of the trench, a reinforcing mortar consisting of sand, cement and water is poured. Another advantage of using concrete and reinforced concrete side stones as curbs is the ease of repair: in case of damage to the products, they are simply replaced with new ones.

Side stones are divided into the following types:

• BR - straight privates. Represent a rectangular slab with a bevel on one side. Used on straight sections of roads;
• BU - straight lines with broadening. They have a special extension to ensure additional protection from blur;
• BUP - straight lines with discontinuous broadening. They have several special widenings distributed along the length of the curb. Used on non-standard sections of the road;
• BL - straight with a tray. Wide side stones, having a special bevel in the form of a tray for creating a drainage system;
• BV - entry. They have a larger bevel compared to ordinary ones, to ensure unhindered entry of vehicles onto the sidewalk;
• BC - curvilinear. They have a rounded shape with two bevels on each side. They are used on curves and other rounded sections of roads.

Reinforced concrete side stones are allowed to be manufactured with a technological slope of non-facial vertical faces up to 5%, rounding of the front faces with a radius of up to 5 mm and non-facial ones with a radius of up to 15 mm or chamfers up to 10 mm wide.

Reinforced concrete side stones are manufactured in accordance with GOST 6665-91 “Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones. Specifications" from fine-grained or heavy concrete. Concrete class for compressive strength - not less than B22.5. The frost resistance class of concrete is assigned depending on the calculated outdoor temperature of the coldest five-day period of the construction area. At a design temperature above -5°С, the concrete frost resistance class is F100, at temperatures from -5°С to -15°С inclusive - F150, from -15°С to -45°С - F200, at temperatures below -45°С – F300. The water absorption of the curb stone concrete should not exceed 6% by weight for fine-grained concrete stones and 5% by weight for heavy concrete stones.

Side stones are reinforced with welded meshes and three-dimensional steel frames. Hot-rolled bar steel of a periodic profile of classes A-IV and A-V according to GOST 5781 is used as prestressed reinforcement. It is also allowed to use rod thermomechanically and thermally strengthened steel of a periodic profile of classes At-IV and At-V according to GOST 10884 as prestressing reinforcement. Hot-rolled rod steel of classes A-III and A-I according to GOST 5781 and ordinary reinforcing wire of a periodic profile of class VR-I according to GOST 6727 are used as non-stressed reinforcement. Lifting loops for ease of installation are made of steel rod hot-rolled smooth reinforcement class A-I grades VSt3sp2 and VSt3ps2 with a diameter of 6 - 12 mm according to GOST 5781.