What do kids love the most? Of course, cartoons. It is in this section that we have collected a variety of foreign and domestic cartoons. Among the huge selection, there is sure to be one that will especially fall in love with your child. If you have a lot to do or just want to relax, and the child asks for constant attention, and if he doesn’t, then he starts to “dirty”, then cartoons will come to the rescue. By turning on a cartoon for a child, you can distract him for at least half an hour, or even two or three.

This type of art as animation has been around for a long time. During this time, the quality has improved, which cannot but rejoice. Cartoons are madly in love with children of any generation, everyone, as a child, adored cartoons. Many adults at one time had to wait on TV and had to watch what was shown. Someone at one time was lucky if their parents bought cassettes or discs. And the new generation can already watch what they want and without spending from their parent's wallet, because almost every house already has a computer and the Internet, with the help of which a huge card file of cartoons for every taste and color is opened.

For the little ones, the Soviet classic is perfect, which is famous for its simplicity, kindness and a pleasant picture. For example, “Crocodile Gena”, “Prostokvashino”, “Well, wait a minute!”, “The Bremen Town Musicians”, “Flying Ship”, “ Winnie the Pooh”,“ The Kid and Carlson ”and many others. You can even sit down with your child and reminisce about childhood. Also for young children there are many modern educational cartoons that differ not only in a brighter picture, but in content.

For children who are already finishing kindergarten or studying in primary school, entertaining cartoons are suitable, where heroes save someone or even the whole world. These are foreign cartoons about superheroes from comics, about sorceresses or fairies, as well as domestic ones about heroes.

Those kids that are already slowly and surely moving towards adolescence, may already begin to be interested in cartoons that are especially different in plot. In such cartoons in a relaxed form, the child is forced to think about serious things and experience a lot of emotions. They are suitable for viewing by the whole family, because due to the well-thought-out plot, they will be no less interesting for adults. Such cartoons can be safely put on the same shelf with family films.

Teenagers, despite the fact that they consider themselves adults, still like to watch cartoons. For teenagers, they are already more daring and not as harmless as children. They are dominated by entertainment, adult jokes, teenage problems. These are mainly foreign serial cartoons, such as The Simsons, Family Guy, Futurama, etc.

Do not forget about adults. Yes, they also draw for adults, only they are somewhat similar to teenage ones, but they are more rude, there may be abusive words, intimate overtones, and adult problems are touched upon ( family life, work, loans, midlife crisis, etc.).

Cartoons are an art form in which the author's hands are completely untied, because you can depict absolutely anything and at the same time add a charming story. We invite you to watch them right now and get great pleasure.

Childbirth is a process that a woman cannot influence. The expectant mother carefully prepares for a special event. She plans and collects everything in advance. But the birth process is unpredictable. The baby appears at the moment when the mother least expects it. Childbirth can catch her anywhere, under different circumstances. In most cases, before the expected date of birth, the mother is at home. Often, labor activity acquires a rapid character that a woman does not even have time to pack up and get to a medical facility. Childbirth at home is the only option in a fast-paced process. How to properly prepare for it and not be afraid of surprises?

Emergency birth at home - what is it and how not to get confused?

There are cases that childbirth can begin when a woman is not in the hospital, but at home.

Often stories are told about how a pregnant woman did not have time to get to the maternity hospital, having given birth in a car, on a bus, on the subway or somewhere else. They seem to be fiction, but such situations are far from uncommon. It happens that childbirth develops so rapidly that future mother does not have time to get to a specialized institution. In this case, they talk about emergency childbirth.

If the birth started at home, you need to do the following:

1. Immediately call the emergency team, they will give recommendations on how to behave before they arrive.
2. Prepare a place to deliver at home in an emergency.
3. Call relatives for help so that someone is nearby at least until the doctors arrive.
4. Prepare the necessary things for the woman in labor and the newborn.

When an emergency delivery finds a woman at home, panic sets in. This makes it difficult to focus on the process. Therefore, it is important that someone help the woman in labor and soothe her.

Determine the start of labor

The birth process is different for every woman. Usually, sharply begun pains of a pulling nature in the lower abdomen become a harbinger of the imminent onset of labor. Pain is concentrated in the lumbar region and in the uterus. Cramping attacks are regular and recur at regular intervals. Pain will gradually increase, and the time between contractions will decrease. Thanks to such contractions of the uterus, the child moves through the birth canal. The process of contractions during normal childbirth takes from 8 to 20 hours, but in emergency childbirth everything happens in 3-4 hours.

The appearance of minor bloody discharge from the vagina along with mucus is also a sign of incipient labor. The outpouring of amniotic fluid indicates a very early onset of labor.

Drawing pains in the lower abdomen can be a signal for the onset of labor

What to do if the birth started at home unexpectedly?

When labor activity acquires a rapid character, it becomes clear that a woman will not have time to get anywhere. It is better to stay at home than to give birth in the car. What to do if childbirth began at home suddenly?

The first thing to do for the woman in labor and those around her is to calm down and breathe deeply. Be sure to call a qualified medical team. Someone close should be nearby.

Until the ambulance workers arrive, the birth will have to be controlled by the one who is next to the woman at the moment.

Actions should be as follows:

1. Disinfect hands with alcohol.
2. Prepare the necessary supplies for childbirth: sterile towels, diapers, bandages, scissors.
3. Keep a bowl of boiled water nearby, after adding a weak solution of potassium permanganate to it. They treat the genitals of a woman.

Important!A woman should go to the maternity hospital in the process of contractions, if the straining period has already begun, it is impossible to move from a place, you can harm the child, since the head has completely entered the small pelvis. A woman should not sit down, it is better to take a supine position.

The one who is present at childbirth provides invaluable support to the woman during the appearance of the newborn. He will help her push, reminding her how to breathe properly.

Until the process of attempts has begun, labor activity goes on by itself, and there is no point in interfering with it, it remains to wait patiently.

If the birth began at home, then one of the relatives will have to control the process until the ambulance arrives

Preparing for childbirth

In the last weeks of pregnancy, a woman carefully prepares for the upcoming birth, collects the necessary things. It is impossible to predict an emergency birth. However, all possible situations should be considered. Try not to be alone a few days before the expected birth.

When it becomes clear that you won’t have to go anywhere, it is necessary to provide the woman in labor with a specially prepared place where she will take a comfortable position. Everything should be at hand so as not to run around the house looking for the necessary supplies. The assistant needs to be calm and help balance the emotions of the woman in labor. With the right preparation, everything will go smoothly.

How to take birth yourself?

Lumbar massage can help relieve pain from contractions

If childbirth has begun at home, then the partner should do the following:

1. Lay the woman in a pre-prepared place, spreading sterile diapers.
2. Massage the lumbar region to.
3. Watch when the fetal head appears in the vagina.
4. Help hands release the head from the tissues of the genital organs. This reduces the likelihood of perineal rupture.
5. Gently hold the baby's head and shoulders, the rest of the baby's body appears very rapidly. If necessary, carefully deploy the second shoulder to prevent rupture of the tissues of the female genital organs and injury to the baby.

Attention!In no case should you pull the baby by the shoulders in order to get it faster.

1. If the child is wrapped in the umbilical cord, you should carefully release the neck area from it.
2. Cut the baby's umbilical cord. This should be done after the cessation of its pulsation at a distance of at least 10 cm from the navel of the newborn. If the partner is afraid to manipulate the umbilical cord, you can wait for the doctors.
3. Wait for the placenta to come out and check its integrity.

On a note!You can not pull on the umbilical cord to speed up the exit of the placenta. The placenta should be delivered on its own after a contraction.

The right approach to pushing

Even before the onset of labor, you should learn how to breathe and push properly.

The process of attempts is the most crucial moment in the birth of a baby. When the pushing period begins, the woman needs to push to help push the baby out. Pushing should be in a fight, after gaining full lungs of air. The forces of the attempts should be directed to the perineum and vagina, and not to the facial muscles.

If there is not enough air taken in for one attempt, you should exhale and quickly gain strength again in order to complete it.

When giving birth at home, a woman takes any comfortable position for attempts: lying down, squatting, kneeling or leaning forward.

The birth of a baby

With each subsequent attempt, the child moves more and more towards the exit. In the process of moving the baby through the birth canal, blood may ooze from the genital tract. The partner, who is next to the woman in labor, should have their hands and all the required accessories ready to receive the child.

As soon as the fetal head appears in the vagina, the assistant should substitute his hands to hold the head and shoulders of the newborn that have appeared. If necessary, you can slightly straighten the shoulders so that the child can easily pass through the vagina. It is necessary to prepare dry sterile diapers to wrap the newborn.

Delivery of the placenta and cutting of the umbilical cord

Attaching the baby to the mother's breast will help to stimulate the release of the placenta. After the baby is born, another contraction will follow, during which the woman will push to deliver the placenta. It will come out completely in 1-2 attempts.

The umbilical cord of the newborn should be cut when the pulsation in it has stopped. This happens about 20 minutes after the child leaves. Before cutting the umbilical cord, it is tied with sterile threads in 2 places: 1 - at a distance of 2 cm from the child's navel, 2 - about 20 cm from the first dressing. The umbilical cord should be cut between two tied threads. Next, you need to disinfect the baby's navel.

What to do after the appearance of the baby - proper care?

After the adoption of the child, it must be carefully processed and helped to adapt to new living conditions. When the child is all outside, he wraps himself in a warm towel. Then, using a small syringe pear, clear the nasal passages and oral cavity of mucus.

If suddenly the baby is in the bubble, you should immediately break through its shell. If the newborn immediately screamed, then that's great. His skin should turn red sharply. If the baby has a bluish color and does not scream, you need to slightly lower the baby with the head down, gently rub the back and chest area. You should also gently tap on the heels of the baby, and rub his limbs. If the baby screamed, then breathing returned to normal. In the case when the newborn does not scream, resuscitation is already required. It includes artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

After successful birth the baby and its processing, it is necessary to lay the newborn on the mother's breast, and try to give milk to suck.

Childbirth at home will end safely if there is a reliable assistant next to the woman in labor.

What to do next after the end of childbirth?

Laying the baby on the mother's stomach is the logical conclusion of childbirth

Even if the birth ended safely, a medical examination will be required for both the mother and the newborn. After the end of childbirth, you should wait for the medical team, which will take the mother and child to the hospital.

Before the arrival of doctors, after the birth of a child, a woman is placed an ice heating pad on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe uterus in order to avoid large blood loss. To avoid complications, you can not touch the baby's umbilical cord, but wait for the doctors. It is also necessary to pack the born placenta in a plastic bag and take it with you to the hospital, where it will be checked for integrity.

After the end of all labor manipulations, the woman's genitals are disinfected, cleansed of blood. If a woman in labor has profuse bleeding, it is necessary to raise her legs above her head and repeat the ambulance call.

Conclusion

Of course, experienced professionals do not recommend giving birth at home. This is fraught with serious complications and even life-threatening in case of unforeseen situations. But when it comes to emergency care, home birth is the only right option, since going to the hospital is already dangerous.

When starting emergency labor at home, the first thing to do is to immediately call a team of qualified doctors (ambulance). Keeping calm, a woman will cope with a difficult situation and give birth to a healthy baby. If a reliable assistant is still nearby, then a positive result is almost guaranteed.

Termination of pregnancy in the period of 28-37 weeks is called premature birth. Termination of pregnancy in the period from the 22nd week to the 28th week, according to the rules World Organization health care, refer to very early preterm birth. In our country, termination at this stage of pregnancy is not considered a premature birth, but at the same time they provide assistance in a maternity hospital, and not in a gynecological hospital, take measures to nurse deeply premature newborn. A child born as a result of such childbirth is considered a fetus for 7 days, only after a week such a baby is considered not a fetus, but a child. This feature of the terminology is due to the fact that children born before the 28th week of pregnancy are often unable to adapt to the conditions environment outside the womb, even with the help of doctors.

Causes of preterm birth

Factors leading to preterm birth can be divided into socio-biological and medical.

It should be noted that in the autumn and spring months the frequency of this complication increases. This is due to changing weather conditions, in particular the frequent change in atmospheric pressure, which can affect the frequency of premature rupture amniotic fluid. Heavy colds with a high rise in body temperature and a strong cough can increase and cause labor prematurely. An adverse effect on the course of pregnancy of a number of production factors was noted: exposure to chemicals, vibration, radiation, etc. Premature births are more common in young, unmarried, studying women, with a lack of protein and vitamins in food, as well as in women with bad habits.

Medical factors include severe infectious diseases, including those suffered in childhood, abortions, inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. Chromosomal disorders of the fetus - damage to the hereditary apparatus of the fetus under the influence of adverse external and internal factors (ionizing radiation, occupational hazards, taking certain drugs, smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs, unfavorable environmental situation, etc.) - can lead to premature birth, but more often in In such cases, early termination of pregnancy occurs. In most cases, the reason premature birth are diseases of the endocrine system, such as dysfunction of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and ovaries, obesity, in which the work of all endocrine glands changes. Anatomical changes in the genital organs include genital infantilism (underdevelopment of the female genital organs), malformations of the uterus, traumatic damage to the uterus during abortions and curettage, tumors of the uterus. In almost one third of cases, the cause of preterm birth is isthmic-cervical insufficiency, in which, as a result of mechanical influences (trauma of the cervix after abortion, previous childbirth, other gynecological manipulations) or a lack of certain hormones, the cervix does not perform its obturator function.

Often the cause of premature birth is cervico-vaginal infections (trichomoniasis, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc.) and viral infections (cytomegalovirus, herpes, influenza, adenovirus infection, mumps), especially those that are hidden. The presence of a chronic genital infection contributes to the disruption of the local protective barrier and fetal injury. Severe forms of extragenital diseases (not associated with the female genital organs) and pregnancy complications can also lead to preterm pregnancy. Such diseases include, for example, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, chronic diseases of the lungs, kidneys, liver, etc.

Symptoms of the onset of labor

With the onset of preterm labor, regular labor activity and smoothing or opening of the cervix appear. The onset of labor is accompanied by the appearance of regular cramping pains in the lower abdomen, which increase in intensity over time, the intervals between contractions decrease. Quite often, premature birth begins with the outflow of amniotic fluid, and their amount can be from a few drops to several liters. In addition, the appearance of mucous discharge with streaks of blood or bloody discharge in a woman during a premature pregnancy indicates structural changes in the cervix, i.e. e. its smoothing. The appearance of any of the above symptoms requires urgent hospitalization in an obstetric hospital.

At the slightest suspicion of a deviation from the normal course of pregnancy, it is necessary to seek qualified help.

When these symptoms appear, you must immediately call an ambulance, which will take the expectant mother to the hospital. In some cases, it is possible to prolong the pregnancy; if this is not possible, then conditions are created in the hospital for careful delivery - childbirth, during which a still very fragile baby experiences the least possible load.

Features of the course of childbirth

In preterm birth, premature rupture of amniotic fluid, weakness and dysfunction of labor, rapid or impaired regulatory mechanisms, fetal hypoxia are more often observed.

Premature rupture of amniotic fluid is more often manifested in isthmic-cervical insufficiency or the presence of infection. The lower pole becomes infected, and as a result of inflammation, the membranes are easily torn. Normally, the fetal bladder ruptures closer to the full opening of the cervix, that is, already with the development of labor. The sensations of a woman can be different: from a small wet spot on her underwear to a large amount of water flowing from the vagina and flowing down the legs. The water should be clear, but can be cloudy and dark brown (in the presence of infection). Births that occurred ahead of schedule, very often proceed quickly or even rapidly. A woman has rather painful contractions, their frequency increases, the intervals between contractions are less than 5 minutes and quickly decrease to 1 minute, the first stage of labor (until the cervix is ​​fully dilated) is reduced to 2-4 hours. Due to the fact that the head of a premature fetus is smaller, the expulsion of the fetus begins when the cervix is ​​not fully opened. A smaller baby passes through the birth canal faster.

Premature baby

A child born as a result of premature birth has signs of prematurity, which are determined immediately after birth. The body weight of such a newborn is less than 2500 g, the height is less than 45 cm, there is a lot of cheese-like lubricant on the skin, the subcutaneous tissue is not sufficiently developed, the ears and nasal cartilages are soft. The nails do not go beyond the tips of the fingers, the umbilical ring is located closer to the bosom. In boys, the testicles are not lowered into the scrotum (this is determined by touch), in girls, the clitoris and labia minora are not covered by the labia majora, the cry is squeaky. It should be noted that the presence of one sign is not an indisputable proof of the prematurity of the child, the prematurity of the fetus is determined by the combination of signs.

Unlike timely births, there are more complications in preterm births. Firstly, the baby's head does not have time to adapt to the mother's pelvic bones and reconfigure. The configuration of the head is the possibility of displacement of the bones of the fetal skull during childbirth to reduce its volume when passing through the birth canal. This mechanism allows you to reduce pressure on the head and cervical spine of a newborn baby. The bones of the skull of a premature baby are rather soft and cannot provide protection for the brain, the risk of trauma, hemorrhages under the membranes in the brain tissue of the fetus during childbirth increases. As a result, the child may experience hemorrhages, he does not have time to adapt to changes in the environment, his regulatory system is disturbed. Secondly, often a woman gets ruptures of the birth canal (cervix, vagina and external genitalia), as the tissues do not have time to adapt to stretching.

With threatening and beginning childbirth, a woman is urgently hospitalized.

Much less often in preterm birth, weakness of labor activity occurs. Weakness can be manifested by weak, infrequent or short contractions. The time of childbirth increases significantly, the woman gets tired, the child also begins to suffer. Other anomalies of labor activity are possible, for example, the strength and frequency of contractions is sufficient, and the cervix does not dilate. All this is associated with a violation of regulatory systems in preterm birth, there is no sufficient hormonal preparation for childbirth. Infectious complications in childbirth and the postpartum period are much more common in both the mother and the fetus. Among these complications are suppuration of the sutures (if any), postpartum metroendometritis (inflammation of the mucous membrane and muscular layer of the uterus), peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum) and the maximum spread of infection (sepsis). This is due to the presence of a latent or overt infection that was present before childbirth in a pregnant woman, which is often the cause of miscarriage. Infection can join during childbirth, due to their duration (with weakness), for example, chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the membranes of the embryo). Premature babies have reduced immunity and, accordingly, are more susceptible to infections.

Prognosis for a child

Due to the peculiarities of obstetric tactics and the different outcome of childbirth for the fetus, it is considered appropriate to divide preterm birth into three periods, taking into account the timing of gestation (pregnancy): preterm birth at 22-27 weeks, preterm birth at 28-33 weeks, preterm birth at 34- 37 weeks of gestation.

Premature birth at 22-27 weeks (fetal weight from 500 to 1000 g) is most often caused by isthmic-cervical insufficiency (due to trauma in previous births), infection of the lower pole of the fetal bladder and premature rupture of the fetal bladder. Therefore, in this group of women, as a rule, there are few primigravidas. The presence of infection in the genital tract excludes the possibility of prolonging pregnancy in most pregnant women. The lungs of the fetus are immature, and it is not possible to accelerate their maturation by prescribing medications to the mother in a short period of time. Such children belong to the high-risk group and are more often subject to urgent resuscitation. They are in cuveuses, under the strict supervision of a neonatologist and qualified nurses. Children almost always need a further stage of nursing and are registered for a long time in perinatal centers or clinics at the place of residence.

Premature birth at a gestational age of 28-33 weeks (fetal weight 1000-1800 g) is due to more diverse causes than earlier preterm birth. There are more than 30% of primigravidas in this category of childbirth.

More than half of women carry out expectant management and maintain pregnancy. In such children, the lungs do not have time to "ripen", the production of surfactant is disrupted. Surfactant is a mixture of fats and proteins that is synthesized in the large alveoli (the building block of the lungs), coating them, promoting their expansion and preventing them from collapsing when inhaled. In the absence or deficiency of this substance, the child's breathing is disturbed. A surfactant preparation can be administered to neonates as needed and greatly facilitates breathing, but this preparation is very expensive and not readily available. Therefore, in order to prevent respiratory failure, women are prescribed glucocorticoids. They stimulate the production of surfactant and the "maturation" of the lungs in the fetus for 2-3 days with the threat of preterm birth. With the onset of labor, glucocorticoids are administered intravenously at intervals of 3-4 hours.

Preterm birth with a gestational age of 34-37 weeks (fetal weight 1900-2500 g or more) is due to even more diverse reasons, the percentage of infected women is much less than in the previous groups, and primigravida - more than 50%. However, due to the fact that the lungs of the fetus are almost mature, it is not necessary to administer drugs that stimulate the maturation of the surfactant.

Children are less likely to be transferred to the intensive care unit, but round-the-clock care and supervision are necessary in all cases until the child's condition is completely stabilized.

Nursing features

Premature babies, after examination by a neonatologist, are most often immediately transferred to the intensive care unit, and if necessary, to the intensive care unit. They are monitored around the clock, cared for and treated, as well as preventive measures are taken. possible complications. Premature babies have imperfect thermoregulation, they can be in an incubator, where temperature, humidity, oxygen, etc. are strictly controlled. They have a tendency to respiratory disorders, reduced resistance to environmental factors, so it is necessary to have round-the-clock duty not only of nursing staff, but also of a neonatologist. In most cases, premature babies, after certain efforts of a group of neonatologists, are transferred to the second stage of nursing in a specialized hospital. If there is a perinatal center in the city, the second stage of nursing is carried out in the same hospital where the birth took place, and the children are not transported. It should be noted that often premature babies stabilize rather quickly, and there is no need for a second stage of nursing.

Management of preterm labor

With threatening and beginning childbirth - when there is no cervical dilatation or it is insignificant - tactics are aimed at prolonging pregnancy. The woman is urgently hospitalized, strict bed rest is created, sedatives are prescribed, and the causes that led to premature birth are eliminated (if possible). For example, suturing of the cervix is ​​performed for isthmic-cervical insufficiency, treatment of vaginal infections, restoration of the natural microflora of the vagina, or antibiotics in the presence of an infectious process, treatment is carried out in conjunction with a therapist or endocrinologist (if necessary). An obligatory component is drugs that reduce the tone of the uterus (tocolytics), improve the functioning of the placenta, increase immunity, vitamin therapy, as well as drugs that improve intrauterine nutrition of the child and accelerate the "maturation" of the lungs of the fetus.

In each case, an individual approach is needed, but the efforts of doctors do not always lead to the desired results, and the process turns into the onset of premature birth.

Round-the-clock care and supervision are necessary in all cases until the child's condition is completely stabilized.

Premature birth requires a qualified obstetrician-gynecologist, nurse and neonatologist. It is necessary to constantly monitor the woman and the condition of the fetus. A woman is regularly examined, pressure, body temperature are measured, urine and blood tests are monitored. In addition to data from cardiac monitoring, they control the development of labor, listen to the fetal heartbeat, and determine the position of the fetus. Fetal heart rate monitoring is a study of the heart rhythm. It is carried out on a special apparatus at rest, in the position of the pregnant woman on her side for 30-60 minutes. On the anterior abdominal wall of a pregnant woman, with the help of an elastic band, there are recording sensors that record the heartbeats of the fetus, as well as the frequency and strength of contractions.

Most of the complications in childbirth, both on the part of the mother and the fetus, are due to a violation of the contractile activity of the uterus. To identify the features of the contractile activity of the uterus in preterm labor, it is recommended to maintain a partogram (a graphical representation of the frequency and strength of contractions) and record the contractile activity of the uterus. A partogram can be carried out without any technique, by touch, with a stopwatch, to fix the frequency, strength and duration of contractions, and then depict them on a graph. However, all specialized centers have cardiomonitoring, which clearly displays the state of the child during the birth process, as well as the tone of the uterus and the effectiveness of contractions in dynamics, which allows you to correct and provide qualified medical care for any deviations.

To determine the degree of cervical dilation, the doctor examines the woman on the gynecological chair. Due to the possible negative impact on the fetus, pacing or inhibition of labor is carefully considered, and often the issue needs to be resolved within a short time, with the decision being made by several doctors. Prevention of fetal hypoxia (lack of oxygen) is carried out; in most cases, narcotic painkillers are refused (since they adversely affect the fetal respiratory center). Childbirth is carried out in the supine position, because it is easier to control childbirth in this position, the head does not move quickly along the birth canal, the woman and fetus feel satisfactory, in contrast to the supine position, in which the pregnant uterus compresses large venous vessels, worsens maternal and fetal circulation. Pain and epidural anesthesia speed up the process of opening the cervix, which is often too fast. The fetal head does not have time to adapt to the birth canal, and often poorly extensible perineum exacerbates the situation, so they are approached individually.

It is in the power of the woman herself to reduce the likelihood of preterm birth. There is no need to hide previous abortions and inflammatory processes in the past from the doctor with whom the woman is registered. It is necessary to immediately inform the doctor about all changes in your body, go to special classes in preparation for childbirth. When a pathology is detected, one should not refuse the treatment prescribed by the doctor. It is necessary to limit physical activity, monitor the diet, which should be varied and well balanced. Excessive consumption of spicy, salty or fatty foods leads to exacerbations of chronic diseases of the digestive system, which can cause premature birth. If symptoms of pregnancy appear, sexual activity should be avoided during the last two months of pregnancy. If there is the slightest suspicion of a deviation from the normal course of pregnancy, it is necessary to seek qualified help.

Nadezhda Egorova,
obstetrician-gynecologist, assistant of the department of obstetrics and gynecology,
Astrakhan State Medical Academy, Astrakhan

Where it turned out that only 4% of women give birth in their due date and that the term normal pregnancy varies in women with a delta of as much as three weeks!

One midwife told us this: “Imagine that two apple trees are growing - one is an early ripening one, and the other is an autumn variety. Both bloom in spring, stand in the rain and bask in the sun. But one is so arranged that in July it will have apples, and the other - not earlier than September. All apples are delicious and ruddy, they just ripen at different times.”

I remember one day an anxious dad called me: “How can we speed up the birth? She seems to enjoy being pregnant so much that she won't give birth by 45 weeks!"

And sometimes it also happens that a woman wants to somehow influence the process and speed up the birth of a baby a little. Sometimes, before the recommended medical induction (induction), mothers try more soft ways start childbirth.

NBAny, even soft and natural, means for inducing labor is an interference in the natural process of the birth of a baby.Check with your doctor and/or midwife before using them.

Are there really reasons for concern?

20 ways to speed up childbirth or what to do with yourself if childbirth does not start?

Why does it work?

Because the specialist stimulates biologically active points associated with the uterus. If there is no opportunity to visit a trusted specialist, then you can try self-stimulation “based on” in the format of a general relaxing massage with clary sage (a few drops in the base oil)

Alcohol

A glass of wine or champagne, if that.

Why does it work?

Under the influence of alcohol, the cerebral cortex is inhibited, a pronounced sedative effect appears - in other words, a woman calms down and stops worrying about every occasion. Stress hormone levels are dropping again.

Most often, women abstain from alcohol during pregnancy, so even a glass of wine is enough for a clear effect.

**Attention! If you are categorically against alcohol during pregnancy, this method is not necessary - there are many others!

Conversation

Talk to the child, ask to quickly go to a meeting with mom and dad; talk to each other and revisit ALL possible "what if" options; talk to a specialist you trust.

Why does it work?

No one fully understands talking with a child, but this advice is given not only by traditional midwives, but also by official doctors.

About conversations with adults - all the same effect about reducing stress, sharing responsibility and accepting the situation as it is.

Homeopathist

Elizabeth Davis, a California midwife with 30 years of experience, in her book "Hearts and Hands" recommends taking Cimifugu 30C once an hour for 8 hours, and then also Caulophyllum 30C to ripen and soften the cervix. If the cervix is ​​already soft, then Elizabeth advises taking Caulophyllum 200C once at night.

Why does it work?

It is believed that microdoses of the active substance cause a strong response in the body according to the principle of treating like with like.randomized trialsdo not yet confirm the effectiveness of Caulophyllum for labor induction. However, this may be due to the need for an individual approach when prescribing homeopathic medicines, scientists say.

***Keep in mind : the effect of drugs is reduced by the use of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and mint (tea, paste, chewing gum).

"Shake" yourself with sex, walking up and down stairs, walking in the park, swinging on a fitball and yes, mopping, thanks to Olga Fokina for the reminder!

Why does it work?

In response to physical activity, uterine contractions are triggered and, if the body is ready for childbirth, there is a chance that contractions will become regular and intensify.

Food

Dates, spicy curry, ginger, pineapple, eggplant, licorice, balsamic vinegar, cinnamon fermented baked milk (thanks to Yulia Karpenko for the recipe).

Why does it work?

If there are already studies about dates, then the rest of the menu components are traditional, but not scientifically proven methods. It is believed that the mechanism of action is usually based on two factors: the presence of substances that contribute to the softening and maturation of the cervix, and the stimulation of the intestines.

OneAmerican pizzeriathey even serve a special “delivery salad” (green leaves + olive oil and balsamic dressing).

Class

“Give yourself time...children are born when they are ready for it...” - everything is true, but how painful it is to just sit and wait!

Therefore, many women find important and useful things for themselves that should be completed before the onset of childbirth: find the best-mattress-in-the-bed, learn how to bake a Napoleon cake, make a wardrobe for after childbirth - sale now, watch all parts of the series “Midwives” or "Fizruk", hand over financial statements. Who knows what will be useful for you?

Why does it work?

Because sometimes you just have to wait.

The onset of labor is associated with the baby's readiness to breathe. If everything is in order with mother and child (test, CTG and regular observation of a doctor / midwife can confirm this), it remains only to wait for the moment. It is believed that women with a long cycle can add as many days to theirs as the cycle is longer than 28 days.

Get rid of constipation

Dried fruits (pre-soak in water for a few hours) ordried fruit sweets , light laxatives, enema help cleanse the intestines and stimulate excretory processes.

Why does it work?

As you know, mild diarrhea is one of the harbingers of close childbirth. Bowel contractions can stimulate contractions. bowel movements (and Bladder) enables the uterus to contract more efficiently.

**Attention! Drink thirsty, as severe diarrhea causes dehydration, which, on the contrary, interferes with childbirth.

It is often recommended as a "home" method of labor induction. In Russia, they usually advise an “obstetric cocktail” (a glass ofapricot juice and brut or soda mixed with a couple of tablespoons of ground almonds and castor oil), in America it is often mixed with orange juice. Dosages vary greatly - from 10 to 100 ml. Accordingly, the effect occurs within 3-12 hours. Before the era of synthetic prostaglandins, castor oil was quite officially used for induction in maternity hospitals.

Why does it work?

Castor oil increases the production of prostaglandins, causing a softening of the cervix, and the accompanying diarrhea and bowel contractions further stimulate the uterus.Researchshow that castor oil did not affect either the duration of labor or the health of the mother or child.

**Attention! Modern midwives are divided in their attitudes towards inducing labor with castor oil. Many consider its use unjustified, since severe diarrhea causes dehydration, which leads to loss of strength and the prospect of childbirth on the toilet. Also, contractions caused by castor oil may subside within a few hours, which in a maternity hospital is likely to lead to additional interventions to stimulate labor.

evening primrose oil

It is commonly used as a dietary supplement (500-2000mg per day) and as a perineal massage oil.

Why does it work?

It is believed that gamma-linoleic acid, which is rich in evening primrose oil (primrose) helps the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for the maturation of the cervix.

Scientific researchevening primrose oil is scarce and controversial. Some show no effect, others - faster maturation of the cervix, others - a bunch side effects from increased risk of bleeding and premature rupture of amniotic fluid to increased duration of labor and more frequent oxytocin stimulation.

Yes, at least just sit quietly for 10 minutes. You can download a special application for meditation.

Why does it work?

It is believed that meditation helps to relieve stress, calm the mind and trigger relaxation mechanisms in the body. This is confirmed by a number of studies (for example, a professor from Harvard even created a special Mind Body Institute to study the effects of meditation).

tenderness and everything that helps to be in bliss and bliss.

A four-hand massage, a bubble bath with lavender and rose essential oils, lying in bed all day, going to the opera, gourmet or taking a bath - everything that previously gave you a feeling of absolute happiness will work now.

Why does it work?

When we relax and enjoy ourselves, stress hormone levels decrease and oxytocin is released more easily.

Osteopath

This is not manual therapy, all manipulations are very gentle. So if you are going for the first time, get ready to be amazed. In most cases, the effect occurs within 2-3 days, and before that, many are wondering: did I just give 3-5-7 thousand for gentle strokes? Give yourself time, it works!

Why does it work?

A mild effect on muscles and ligaments that helps balance tension and relaxation in the body. Sometimes the baby does not take it in any way and the contractions start and then subside again. An osteopath can help loosen the ligaments that support the uterus, allowing the baby to finally get into the most favorable position for childbirth.

Some women find it helpful to calm down and relieve stress by alternating physical activity with intense relaxation. For example, the pool and the practice of yoga nidra. Or maybe a bath or just an endless jasmine bath

Attention! essential oil jasmine causes uterine contractions

Why does it work?

Sometimes childbirth does not start because the woman is tired, worried and afraid. When stress hormones and adrenaline accumulate in the body, the production of oxytocin becomes more difficult. Physical activity and relaxation help relieve tension and get a rush of endorphins. From this state, it is much easier and more pleasant to start childbirth.

Sex

Yes, cunnilingus also counts. Yes, without a condom. Yes, orgasms are important.

Why does it work?

First, blood rushes to the pelvic organs.

Secondly, during orgasm, the hormone oxytocin is released, which, as you know, is also responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth. If the uterine receptors are already sufficiently sensitive, an additional portion of oxytocin can become a trigger.

Thirdly, semen contains prostaglandins, which contribute to the maturation and softening of the cervix.

Nipple stimulation

The movements should be quite active, similar to pumping. Some mothers even use a breast pump to stimulate their nipples.

Why does it work?

The uterus contracts in response to the release of oxytocin during nipple stimulation. Yes, yes, oxytocin is also needed during breastfeeding - it is responsible for the milk ejection reflex. Don't be alarmed if you see droplets of colostrum - many mothers already have it in their breasts before giving birth.

Creation

Of course, the statement that it is useless to prepare for childbirth is incorrect. This is how those who are lazy or simply afraid to find out something about childbirth in advance justify themselves. And yet, there is some truth in this statement: no matter how you prepare for childbirth, the beginning of this process will still be associated with natural excitement, in which all acquired knowledge can get confused in the head.

To meet this process fully armed, many women begin to seriously prepare for childbirth long before the end of pregnancy: they go to courses, read magazines and look for information on the vast expanses of the Internet. Indeed, in order to feel confident from the very beginning, you need to firmly understand how not to miss the onset of childbirth, when you need to go to the hospital, what documents and things will be required for hospitalization, what needs to be done before leaving for the hospital.

Suppose the expectant mother has the first “suspicious” sensations: her back hurts, her stomach tenses up, unusual discharge from the genital tract appeared. At this moment, a lot of thoughts appear in the head at the same time, based on the information received about childbirth. However, these thoughts are sometimes very contradictory, because in the courses and in the special literature, different options for the onset of labor were discussed. So, where to start: call the doctor, husband or an ambulance? What if this is? How is it better to behave now during the “feelings”: try to relax or immediately apply anesthesia techniques? What is better now: lie down, sit down or walk? It is extremely inconvenient to look for answers to these questions during fights, rummaging through a stack of magazines or a thick abstract from courses. To facilitate this task, we have compiled a guide to action on the most important points start of childbirth.

Childbirth begins: how to stop panicking?

At the start of labor, each future mom experiencing excitement - a completely natural feeling in front of such a responsible and difficult process. However, at this moment it is very important not to give vent to emotions and try to calm down as soon as possible in order to prevent panic from appearing.

Panic fear of childbirth can do a very bad service to the expectant mother: after all, it is the state of panic that leads to the development of most violations of labor activity. With significant emotional arousal, which is associated with a feeling of fear, work nervous system is violated. As a result of "nervous failures", the signals that coordinate labor activity come unevenly, may weaken or, on the contrary, sharply increase. Due to the violation of the nervous regulation of childbirth, contractions become painful, weak and unproductive.

Advice

In order not to panic, it is important to control emotions from the very first sensations. No need to fuss and try to solve several problems at once. There is no need to immediately call your relatives, grab a pack or call an ambulance: first sit or lie down, find the most comfortable and relaxed position, close your eyes and take a few long deep breaths through your nose and exhale through your mouth. This will help calm your emotions and only takes a couple of minutes. Then open your eyes and try to assess your well-being as objectively as possible: what exactly has changed in it?

How does the water break at the beginning of labor?

This is probably the most common cause for concern: most expectant parents are afraid not to notice the passage of water, confusing it with urination, mucus plug discharge, or ordinary female secretions. In fact, fetal water is fundamentally different from all other types of secretions from the genital tract, and it is extremely difficult to confuse them with anything. Normally, this should happen already during contractions, but often the water breaks before the onset of labor.

There are two "scenarios" of water discharge. In the first version, they pour out unexpectedly, at once and in in large numbers. As a result, the liquid will flow down the legs, all clothes below the waist will instantly become wet - it is simply impossible to miss such a phenomenon! The rupture of the fetal bladder itself, due to which the water begins to drain, is not accompanied by any subjective sensations - it occurs without pain, spasm or the urge to urinate.

Water leaves in a completely different way if the hole formed in the fetal bladder is located high and is covered by the wall of the uterus: in this case, the liquid may periodically be released in drops or tiny streams, in a small amount while wetting the sanitary napkin and underwear. However, even with a slight leakage of water, they can be easily distinguished from ordinary vaginal discharge: water is absorbed into the fabric of the underwear and wets them without leaving mucus on the surface. The fetal waters are also completely different from urine: they do not have a specific color and smell, like urine, and a healthy woman does not have spontaneous excretion of urine without the urge to urinate.

Advice

In doubtful cases, it is necessary to see a doctor: a special water test carried out in the emergency department of any maternity hospital will dispel all doubts!

The onset of labor: is it possible to confuse the discharge of the mucous plug with the outpouring of water?

Not at all like the leakage of water, there is also a passage of a mucous plug, or cervical mucus, a special secret that closes the cervical canal during pregnancy. Usually, the cork is released gradually, in parts, leaving brownish marks on the underwear for 1-3 days. Much less often, it appears entirely at once. In this case, it can be compared with a lump of gel up to 1.5 cm in diameter, yellowish-pinkish-brown in color. The discharge of the cork may be accompanied by slight aching sensations in the lower abdomen, similar to malaise before the start of the next menstruation.

Advice

When water appears, regardless of their quantity and the presence of other signs of the onset of labor (contractions, pain in the lower abdomen), you should immediately go to the hospital: from the moment the membranes rupture, the risk of infection of the uterus and fetus increases, and it is better for the expectant mother to be in sterile conditions of the obstetric department.

Remember that it is impossible to confuse a mucous plug with fetal waters: it is a very thick, jelly-like, viscous and elastic mucus, not at all like a liquid. Cervical mucus may begin to flow about two weeks before the upcoming birth. This is a variant of the norm and, unlike water leakage, does not require a visit to a doctor.

How do you know if real contractions have started?

The classic onset of labor is the onset of contractions. Contractions are called regular contractions of the muscles of the uterus. The first contractions are usually not associated with pain or significant discomfort. Describing their feelings at this moment, expectant mothers say that the stomach itself tenses very strongly, as if “hardens” for 5–10 seconds, and then completely relaxes until the next. This is similar to the increase in tone during pregnancy, but stronger and shorter. Contractions come periodically, at regular intervals. In the intervals between contractions, the well-being of the expectant mother is no different from the usual - absolutely no new sensations! However, the appearance of the first contractions of contractions does not necessarily mean the beginning of labor: they may turn out to be just a rehearsal, a false alarm, and end as unexpectedly as they began. Such fights are called training, or false, and can appear normally from the 36th week of pregnancy.

Advice

The first task of the expectant mother with the appearance of a periodic feeling of tension in the abdomen is to detect the intervals between contractions in order to understand whether they are real or training. Real contractions go on regularly - there are equal intervals between them, not exceeding 20 minutes, and the neighboring contractions themselves are the same in duration and strength of sensations. Another sign of real contractions is an increase: during the observation period, they should gradually become longer, stronger and more frequent. With this option, the onset of labor should be sent to the hospital as soon as the interval between contractions is reduced to 10 minutes. Until this moment, if you feel well, you can stay at home, under the supervision of loved ones, calmly gather and observe the development of contractions.

Training bouts, on the contrary, are irregular: the intervals between several adjacent bouts are not the same, sometimes more often, sometimes less often - and the contractions themselves go at random, sometimes longer and stronger, sometimes shorter and weaker. There will also be no increase in false contractions - even if the intervals between them are more or less the same, they do not change in any way for several hours. It should be noted that the intervals between false contractions can be either very large (more than 20 minutes) or very small (3-5 minutes), so it is necessary to evaluate not the frequency of contractions, but the regularity and increase.

What is the best way to behave during contractions at the beginning of labor?

At the beginning of labor, when the first contractions are just beginning, they are practically painless. At this stage, you can behave freely: there are no restrictions on actions, movements, as well as there is no need to use special painkillers - postures, massage, breathing techniques - they will be needed later, when the contractions become stronger and more painful.

Advice

The only special recommendation during the first contractions is "belly breathing", practiced in psychology and yoga. At the beginning of the contraction, the expectant mother takes a relaxed slow breath through her nose, and then exhales air through her mouth for as long as possible (as if blowing on water). With this technique, in addition to the intercostal muscles, the diaphragm and abdominal muscles are involved in the respiratory act - hence the name of this breathing. As a result of belly breathing, intra-abdominal pressure changes during each inhalation and exhalation. This ensures good blood flow, helps prevent fetal hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and weakness of the birth forces, and also helps to cope with excitement.

How to collect things correctly?

In the maternity ward of the maternity hospital, you need to take washable slippers, clean socks, toilet paper, disposable toilet seats, wet wipes or disposable handkerchiefs (for face and hands), a bottle of water without gases), thermal water spray (for irrigation of the face and body), hygienic lipstick or lip balm, moisturizing drops or nasal spray, ear plugs (may be noisy in the maternity ward ), phone with charger and headphones. If you are allowed to take your own clothes into the rodblok, you can take a couple of T-shirts or short nighties and a dressing gown.

In the postpartum bag, you need to put clothes for yourself and the baby, daily hygiene products, maternity pads, disposable panties, a bra and nursing pads, nipple cream, a breast pump, a package of diapers and wet wipes for the newborn.

Advice

When packing things for the maternity hospital, it is more convenient to distribute them in two bags: put everything you need in the maternity unit into one, and the most necessary for the postpartum department into the other. Many maternity hospitals do not allow you to carry things in textile bags, so it is better to use plastic bags. If you are to partnership childbirth don't forget clothes, change of shoes and food for your spouse!

How do you know if you can eat?

Food is a source of energy much needed by the expectant mother during the long and laborious process of childbirth. Today, even in the maternity ward, the staff offers sweet tea, a lollipop, a piece of chocolate to a tired woman in labor. True, it is better that it was just a snack, something light and quickly digestible - fruit salad, yogurt, cottage cheese, nuts, dried fruits, juice or sweet tea. It is better to refrain from plentiful, heavy food at this moment, as it can provoke vomiting with a subsequent increase in contractions.

Advice

Contrary to popular belief, at the beginning of labor, you can and even need to have a snack - of course, if you have an appetite. It is necessary to completely refrain from eating from the very beginning of childbirth only in the case of a planned operative delivery (that is, before the operation caesarean section) or with any symptoms of deterioration in the well-being of the woman in labor (bleeding, lifting blood pressure, severe pain).

Take a warm shower. In addition to the hygienic function, the shower during contractions is used as a relaxing and pain reliever. Jets of warm water directed to the abdomen and lower back reduce the feeling of tension during contractions, improve blood circulation in the pelvic area, which determines the dynamic development of labor and breathing of the baby. At the beginning of childbirth, it is better to stand under the shower entirely, with your head - water massage will help you relax and calm down, control emotions and positively tune in to the upcoming birth.

Get a manicure and pedicure. First, remove the polish from your fingernails and toenails. by color nail plates the doctor in the process of childbirth determines the level of microcirculation (blood flow in small vessels) in you, and therefore in the baby! Second, cut your nails short. Immediately after birth, the baby will be placed on your tummy and allowed to hold it with your hands. The skin of a newborn is very delicate and vulnerable, almost like the mucous membrane of an adult. Protruding nails can easily damage the baby's skin, and the resulting scratch can become the entrance gate for infection.

Do an intimate depilation. Perineal hair removal is a standard "preparatory" procedure for admission to maternity hospital. Many women do not understand the purpose of this manipulation: it is obvious that the presence or absence of hair does not affect the course of childbirth. Why is it necessary to shave off pubic hair and between the legs before childbirth? The hair around the vagina traps intimate secretions. During childbirth and especially in the postpartum period, these secretions become much more abundant than usual, accumulate at the entrance to the vagina on the hair of the perineum and serve as an ideal breeding ground for the multiplication of various bacteria, which can cause serious infectious complications for mother and baby. Completely remove hair from the perineum with a razor. If self-depilation turns out to be too complicated for you or there is no time left for it, it will be done in the emergency department of the maternity hospital.

When to go to the hospital?

If contractions begin, interspersed with uniform and gradually shortening intervals, the expectant mother feels good, the water has not poured out - we go to the hospital no later than a 10-minute interval between contractions.

If the contractions that have begun are irregular, the mother feels good, the water has not poured out - we rest and wait for further developments.

If any amount of water has poured out or is leaking, or there is at least a suspicion of a discharge of water, we go to the maternity hospital immediately.

In doubtful cases, a special analysis will be performed in the emergency room of the maternity hospital - a swab for water. The result will be ready in 15-30 minutes and will allow you to confirm or refute the fact of rupture of the fetal bladder, regardless of its size and location.

Documents to the hospital: what to take with you?

Going to the maternity hospital, you need to take a passport, an exchange card, a birth certificate, an insurance policy and / or a contract for childbirth. If you have a copy of your passport and policy, also take them with you - this will significantly speed up the procedure for issuing a card in the emergency room of the maternity hospital.

The scarier, the more painful!

It is important to understand that the level of pain during contractions directly depends on fear and tension. If a woman in labor is not mentally prepared for childbirth and is very afraid, even in cases where childbirth proceeds without complications, contractions are felt much more painful than usual. This is easily explained: the sensation of pain directly depends on the ratio of various hormones in the blood of the woman in labor. The most important of these are endorphins and adrenaline. Endorphins have an analgesic effect, an increase in adrenaline in the blood, on the contrary, leads to a decrease in pain threshold and increased pain. Fear, as you know, stimulates the release of adrenaline in huge doses. Therefore, when panicking, the amount of adrenaline in the blood goes off scale, it displaces pain-relieving endorphins, and as a result, pain during a fight is felt much more strongly.