Hair washing sequence

Wet your hair thoroughly with water.

Pour the required amount of shampoo into your palm for more convenient distribution on the hair, as well as for warming.

Distribute the shampoo evenly on the hair, starting from the roots.

Lather the shampoo on the hair in a circular motion, with the fingertips moving from the edge of the hairline to the highest point of the head.

Rinse off the shampoo and then apply a second time.

Hygienic hair washing is performed twice.

Washing head.

Basic operations when washing your hair.

v Washing hair with henna.

v Hair washing with lecithin.

Types of hair.

There are 3 types of hair in humans: vellus, bristly, long.

Vellus hair cover the entire human body, they are not found on the palms, soles and red border of the lips. This is very thin and soft hair, most often without pigment.

Stubbled hair- short hairs 1-2 cm long, these include eyelashes and eyebrows.

Long hair- thick hair of normal length.

Different people, as well as people of different races, have different hair thicknesses, so hair is divided into thick and thin, hard and soft.

Washing head- this is a very important operation, the performance of which determines the quality of further hair processing.

Washing your hair has 3 purposes:

1. hygienic(removal of grease, dust, etc.). Oily hair is difficult to process because... fat coats the hair with a thin coating, closes the pores and inhibits the penetration of coloring and curling products into the hair.

2. deformation - wet hair takes on any shape, so when you wash your hair, traces of previous styling, hairstyles, and traces of hats are removed.

3. preparatory- consists of softening the outer scaly layer of hair from the effects of detergents and warm water, facilitating their rapid and unhindered interaction with other products.

Basic operations and types of work when washing your hair.

Washing head detergent performed in 2 ways:

1. with head tilted forward

2. with the head tilted back. When using the second method, a special device (wing) or a sink with a recess is used. A recess in the fender or shell makes it possible to press your neck tightly against it so that water or hair treatment compounds do not get on your clothes. This method is now used more often.

When washing your hair leaning forward no special equipment is required - the client tilts his head over the sink. This method of washing hair is more often used in men's salons, as well as in those hairdressing salons where there are no special devices for washing hair using the second method.

The head is washed with soap or shampoo, henna, emulsion with lecithin. Washing your hair with soap or shampoo can be an independent operation, as well as integral part washing your hair with henna and emulsion with lecithin. The most favorable water temperature for washing your hair is 34 - 45° C.

The client is covered with a towel, wrapping it tightly around the neck, after which the hair is thoroughly combed. Combing your hair before washing ensures a more even distribution of detergents over the entire surface of the hair and scalp and makes it easier to comb your hair after washing. Hair that is well combed before washing is easy to comb after this procedure. Before washing your hair, you can comb your hair with any comb, while after washing you should use only a non-metallic one, since a metal comb is easier to damage hair weakened by washing. Hair swollen from water and detergents loses approximately half of its strength to mechanical stress. Therefore, such hair requires more careful handling. It is especially important to remember this when treating hair that is naturally weak, since it can be easily damaged after washing.

v Hair washing equipment

To prevent water from getting on clothes, the visitor must press his neck tightly against the cutout of a special device (when washing his hair in the second method) or tilt his head forward over the sink (when washing in the first method), after covering his face with a sterile napkin. The hair is moistened with water, after which liquid soap or shampoo is applied. It should be borne in mind that cold liquid soap or shampoo causes discomfort, so it is better to apply detergent to your hair from the palm of your hand.

When using concentrated shampoos, before applying to the hair (or in advance), they are diluted in 8-10 parts of warm water. The use of concentrated shampoos without prior dilution in water can lead to seborrhea on the scalp. When applying detergent to your head, you should evenly distribute it over your entire head by lightly rubbing it in a circular pattern with your fingertips, trying to simultaneously cover as much of the scalp as possible with your fingers. When soap foam appears, the hair is rinsed with water and the soaping operation is repeated, since after the first soaping only the bulk of the contaminants are removed from the hair and scalp. If there is too much dust and other mechanical impurities on the hair or an excessive amount of fat, the first time you apply detergent to your hair, you will not be able to get a rich foam. In this case, the detergent composition is applied to the hair twice to remove the main impurities and obtain a good, stable foam. The formation of abundant foam is an indicator that the hair is clean. Usually, to wash your hair well, it is enough to soap it twice. In rare cases, there is a need for a third soaping. Soap scum is removed from hair by thoroughly rinsing it with water. For one washing operation in the women's room, 20 - 25 ml of liquid soap is required, in the men's room - 8 - 10 ml.

Further hair treatment depends on what operation follows shampooing and what detergent was used. After washing liquid soap(and it is known to be alkaline), you need to rinse your hair with acidified water. This procedure is necessary to neutralize the alkali present in the soap, as well as to add shine to the hair. Thus, rinsing the hair with acidified water after washing it not only neutralizes the alkali, but also strengthens the hair structure and gives it a beautiful appearance.

When using alkali-free shampoos to wash hair, there is no need to neutralize alkali. Therefore, there is no need to rinse your hair with acidified water.

Neutralization of alkali with a solution of citric or acetic acid is carried out as follows: two or three tablespoons of 8% vinegar or 2 g of citric acid are diluted in 1 liter of warm water and the hair is rinsed with this solution on all parts of the head. The frequency of washing your hair depends on the condition of your hair and whether your scalp is oily or dry. In normal condition of hair and skin, the head should be washed every 6 - 7 days, in very oily skin this interval can be reduced to 3 - 4 days, and if it is very dry, on the contrary, it can be increased to 8 - 10 days.

Washing your hair with henna.

Pursues 2 goals:

1. Therapeutic - strengthening hair, eliminating dandruff

2. Tint - giving hair a tint

Performing washing (technology):

1. Preparation of the composition. 7g. henna for 100g. water temperature 85 degrees. Place in a steam bath

2. We start washing our hair with detergent (3-5 minutes), during which time the composition has cooled to 45 degrees and the henna has swelled

3. We wet the hair with a towel and apply the medicinal composition first to the ZZ, and then to the FTZ. Easy acupressure within 2-5 minutes

4. Wash off the composition with plenty of water without shampoo.

5. We get wet with a towel and proceed to further operations.

Using henna when washing your hair has a positive effect on hair growth, cleanses the scalp of dandruff and gives light golden tones to light-colored hair. Therefore, washing hair with henna is quite widely used in hairdressing practice. To wash your hair you need to prepare a henna solution. One operation requires 5 - 6 g of henna. Henna is produced in bags of 25 g. Pour approximately a quarter of the bag into an enamel or porcelain bowl, mix the powder well and crush the lumps. 100 ml of hot water (80 - 85°C) is carefully poured into a bowl with powder, constantly stirring the liquid with a non-metallic stick. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that lumps do not form. As soon as the mass becomes homogeneous, you can stop stirring. The client is covered with a peignoir and a plastic cape, over which a towel is placed. It will retain the henna solution flowing down the plastic cape.

The client then washes his hair with soap or shampoo. After you finish washing your hair, you need to lightly squeeze your hair with your hands to remove excess water from it. Now you can start wetting your hair with the prepared henna solution. During the time it takes to wash your hair, the prepared henna solution has time to cool to 38 - 45°C.

It is better to wet your hair with henna solution using a special device (wing). To do this, slightly raise the client's head from the wing, leaving the neck tightly pressed against the cutout in it to avoid possible flow of henna onto the clothes. First, the back of the head is moistened with henna, including the hair along the line of its growth on the neck, and then, placing the head on the wing, the hair of the remaining areas of the head. After moistening all your hair with henna, you need to lightly massage your scalp with your fingertips. The henna exposure time on the hair is 5 - 15 minutes. After this, you need to rinse your hair with warm water without soap, dry with a towel and comb.

Washing your hair with Londestral emulsion.

The goal is therapeutic and prophylactic, i.e. elimination of dandruff, restoration of skin and hair, strengthening of hair.

Preparation of the drug.

20 drug + 20g. warm water - stir

1. Washing your hair with detergent

2. Apply to the scalp; on the ZZ, and then on the FTZ, applying first to the roots of the hair, and then over the entire surface of the hair.

3. Massage for 15 minutes

4. Insulating cap or the drug “Climazon” (exposure time 15-30 minutes)

5. After the exposure time has expired, wash off the preparation with plenty of water without using shampoo.

6. We blot with a towel and proceed to further operations.

Emulsion with lecithin (Londestral) is intended for the care of healthy hair and for restoring hair damaged by curling or coloring preparations. "Londestral" contains biologically active and restorative substances that have a beneficial effect on hair, helps remove dandruff and strengthens hair roots. As you know, the use of various chemicals to treat hair causes damage to one degree or another. So, with prolonged curling (permanent), as a result of the action of the alkaline composition and high temperature, hair drying very often occurs. Similar phenomena are observed with excessive bleaching (bleaching) of hair with hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the use of emulsion with lecithin is especially recommended after curling and coloring hair.

Before washing the hair with an emulsion with lecithin, the client is covered with a towel in the same way as during regular hair washing. After this, the emulsion composition is prepared: one or two tablespoons of the emulsion, depending on the length and thickness of the hair, are diluted in 10 - 20 ml of hot water. Then wash your hair as usual and dry it with a towel. The emulsion paste is applied to the hair with a brush. To do this, divide the hair with a straight parting from one ear to the other and comb it from the parting in different directions, i.e. the front part of the hair towards the face, the back part towards the neck down. Hair treatment can begin from both the parietal and occipital parts of the head. To do this, gradually separating strand from strand with short partings, apply the emulsion to the hair.

The thickness of the processed hair strand at the base should be 1.5 - 2 cm.

After applying the emulsion, the hair is treated with steam under a PA-1 apparatus. At the same time, their stratum corneum softens, which promotes better absorption of the emulsion. A steam bath also has a beneficial effect on the scalp - the skin softens and absorbs the emulsion more easily. This provides additional nutrition to the hair roots.

Insulating cap

If the hairdresser does not have a steam treatment machine for hair, you need to use an insulating cap. The insulating cap is made of batting or foam rubber, lined on the inside and outside with polyethylene film or any other waterproof material. Hair covered with an insulating cap should be warmed under a dryer. When heated, wet hair and the emulsion on it begin to release steam. Since the lining is waterproof, steam is concentrated under the hood. The steam temperature when using an insulating hood is significantly lower than when using the PA-1 apparatus. Therefore, the exposure time under the PA-1 apparatus is slightly less (20 minutes), and under the insulating cap - 30 minutes. Moreover, when using an insulating cap, it is not necessary to warm your head under the dryer for 30 minutes. The first 15 minutes are enough to raise the temperature under the hood.

The role of therapeutic and preventive hair care products

Hair, as a result of insufficient secretion of the sebaceous glands or due to poor care, becomes dry, damaged and brittle. In this regard, various problems arise: the healthy shine of the hair is lost; due to the divergence of the scales, the hair splits; hair porosity progresses, which leads to a significant increase in drying time; Hair strength decreases: hair becomes more brittle due to the destruction of many cross-links in the keratin structure.

To solve these problems and prevent them, cosmetic preparations are used to care for hair during and after washing. Their main purpose is as follows:

restore lost shine to hair;

make it easier to comb hair;

strengthen thin, weakened hair, increase its elasticity;

make hair silky to the touch, without enveloping or weighing it down;

take off static electricity from hair;

make hair more manageable during hair styling.

Caring for problematic hair consists primarily of replacing it with missing components, and care will not be effective if these components are not fixed on the hair shaft so that they are not removed during normal rinsing with water.

Damaged hair, unlike healthy hair, has gaps in the arrangement of scales on the hair cuticle. The scales themselves may be damaged, raised, or clearly missing. Ordinary rinsing in an acidic environment can help smooth out raised scales. In some cases, the condition of the hair shaft is improved by adding substances to the hair rinse that form a more or less dense film on the surface of the hair shaft. The ideal arrangement of the scales ensures a smooth surface and easy combing of the hair.

It is more difficult to act on skin damaged by bleaching, coloring, curling or straightening, which makes up 90% of the total hair mass. The alkaline compositions of these drugs negatively affect the hair structure. The medulla is the part of the hair that is least accessible to cosmetic preparations.

Main ingredients of therapeutic and prophylactic agents

The quality and degree of impact of these drugs on the condition of the hair depends on the presence or absence of certain components in the composition of therapeutic and prophylactic hair care products. Ingredients that should form the basis of such preparations include cationic agents, strengthening agents and other formulation components.

Cationic agents. Hair that is treated with alkaline compounds during curling, coloring and intense bleaching gradually acquires an increasingly negative electrical charge on its surface. Cationic additives, which carry a positive charge, help restore the imbalance and are especially important for caring for damaged hair. The degree of interaction between the cationic agent and the hair depends on the pH and ionic strength of the shampoo. Accordingly, the drug formulation must take into account the ability of the cationic additive to change the degree of adsorption.

Strengthening agents. These include substances used to treat damaged, dull and porous hair. These products (for example, proteins) are fixed to the hair. During the treatment process, a protective film is formed on the hair shaft and the improvement in the quality and appearance of the hair becomes noticeable.

Other components. In addition to the above agents, components such as waxes, oils, silicone (organosilicon) compounds also play an important role in restoring the hair structure; plant extracts (calendula, mallow, jojoba, cartite, tea tree), proteins, mainly of plant origin

1. INTRODUCTION
Beautiful hair always causes envy and admiration. But, unfortunately, some can only envy, while others have stunning hair from early youth until old age. This is exactly what you need to strive for, despite lack of time, natural laziness and difficult circumstances. If the hair is far from perfect - dry, split ends, brittle or, on the contrary, excessively oily, this will certainly cause a lot of trouble. Our ancestors believed that a good and healthy person's hair should grow well. Dull, falling out, rare and brittle hair often indicate the presence of various diseases.
The beauty of hair depends on the condition of the skin of which it is an appendage. Therefore, the appearance of the hair can also be used to judge the condition of the skin. Normal hair is silky to the touch and shiny. Dry hair is usually dull, brittle, and split at the ends. They grow poorly and quickly deteriorate from curling, chemical dyes and electric dryers. Dry hair should be protected from the sun with a hat. Oily hair becomes shiny, sticky, and dirty already on the second or third day after washing. Frequently washing your hair with hot water, unfortunately, does not reduce their oiliness, since hot water, on the contrary, enhances the function of the sebaceous glands.
Hormonal changes in the body, blow-drying, coloring, perm, hard water, stress - all this negatively affects the condition of the hair. The approach to the problem must be comprehensive and individual.
Fortunately, we all have many ways to maintain the beauty of our hair throughout our lives. True, you will have to work hard for this. It turns out that the products sold in stores are often not enough for our hair. With all the advantages of the modern cosmetology industry, it must be admitted that natural products cope much more successfully with the problems of hair loss, dandruff, excessive oiliness or dry hair. Of course, no one denies that you can use ready-made means much simpler and more convenient. However, if you are willing to spend a little time and effort on preserving (and improving) the beauty of your hair, then the result may very well turn out to be truly fabulous.
Run beautiful modern hairstyle- it’s not an easy matter. And the role of the hairdresser in creating a general harmony of lines, taking into account the individuality of the client, is sometimes decisive. Every person resorts to the help of a hairdresser in the hope that he will create an elegant hairstyle based on his knowledge and the requirements of modern fashion, professional experience and personal taste. That is why the profession of a hairdresser should be chosen by people with a creative nature and a sufficiently developed aesthetic taste.
Performing stylish haircuts or hairstyles, hair coloring and highlighting is far from full list provision of hairdressing services. A hairdresser, in our opinion, should be able to care for both his own hair and the hair of his clients, be able to give them useful advice on their care, depending on the type of hair and skin diseases, therefore the topic of the final written examination work “Washing, drying and massage of the head”, in our opinion, is relevant. When writing it, we set the following goals and objectives:

consider the technology of hair washing and its basic operations depending on hair type;
describe the stages of combing and drying hair of various lengths;
identify indications and contraindications for head massage;
consider the technology of head massage and its types.

2. WASHING YOUR HEAD AND HAIR
2.1. Purposes and methods of washing your head and hair
Having beautiful, healthy hair is not only the natural desire of every person, but also a requirement of modern fashion. Hair can be thick or thin, thin or elastic, wavy or straight. But they must be clean and well-groomed. Proper hair washing helps achieve this.
Hair washing is used in hairdressing salons for almost any service. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released mix with skin flakes and dirt, creating a fertile ground for pathogenic bacteria, which leads to skin diseases. All types of hairdressing work, with the exception of hair coloring with dyes containing hydrogen peroxide, are performed on clean, freshly washed hair. Wet hair is more elastic, easily takes on one shape or another, stretches strongly and does not break.
Washing your hair has three purposes:

hygienic – removing contamination from the surface of hair and skin;
deformation - removing traces of the previous hairstyle;
preparatory – softening the outer scaly layer of hair.

Hygiene goal washing your hair - removing dust deposits, as well as fat secreted by the sebaceous glands of the head. Oily hair is difficult to process, since fat, covering the scaly layer of hair with a thin coating, closes the pores and inhibits the penetration of coloring, curling and styling products into the hair. In this case, hair degreasing can be considered not only a hygienic, but also a preparatory operation.
Wet hair easily stretches and takes on the desired shape. This physical property hair. It is this property that underlies deformation target washing your hair. Often the hair retains traces of previous styling or a certain shape from hats, and therefore, to eliminate such defects, the hair must first be washed and combed.
Preparatory goal shampooing involves softening the scaly layer of hair under the influence of detergents, which facilitate their rapid and unhindered interaction with other chemicals.
There are also three types of hair washing:

hygienic – using regular shampoo;
medicinal – using medicinal drugs;
dry – using dry shampoo, available in aerosols, or alcohol.

Washing your hair in hairdressers can be done in two ways - with your head tilted forward and with your head tilted back. In modern salons and hairdressing salons, the second method is used more often (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Washing with your head tilted back
When washing leaning forward no special equipment is required - the client tilts his head over the sink. The head is washed with shampoo, choosing for this purpose the most suitable one for a given hair type.
When using the second method with head tilted back a special sink with a recess is used. The recess in the sink makes it possible to press the client's neck tightly against it so that water or hair treatment compounds do not get on clothes.
Most often, hygienic hair washing is performed. As you know, water has cleansing properties. For hygienic washing, shampoo is necessary only to increase the effectiveness of its effect. Shampoos contain substances that can cleanse hair of dirt, grease and styling products. Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands does not dissolve in water, but under the action of shampoo it coagulates into tiny droplets and is washed away with water.
To get a good result, it is very important to choose shampoo and prepare water.
Depending on the type and amount of inorganic compounds, water can be hard or soft. Soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds (in particular, calcium salts), so the shampoo lathers very well in it. Hard water contains a lot of inorganic compounds, so the amount of shampoo foam decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding borax or soda. Favorable temperature for washing your hair is 34-39°C.
2.2. Hair and head washes
Washing is one of the most important hair care procedures. In order for your hair to be healthy and shiny, you should determine your hair type and choose the right shampoo accordingly. Shampoos for damaged hair should contain substances that can improve hair appearance. If your hair is oily, you need a special shampoo. The current opinion that frequent washing increases their fat content is incorrect. Very greasy hair You can even wash it every day.
To keep your hair intact and give it shine, you need to be very careful when choosing a shampoo, especially if you wash your hair frequently. Too active or incorrectly selected shampoo can harm your hair. Gentle, soft drugs, on the contrary, due to their healing properties improve the condition of the scalp and eliminate damage to the hair structure.
It is very important to choose a shampoo with the required pH level, which characterizes the acid-base environment of the cosmetic product. The pH level can range from 1 to 14. A shampoo with a pH of 7 is considered neutral (neither alkaline nor acidic) with a pH>7 the shampoo is alkaline. The lower the pH value, the higher the acidity of the shampoo.
Most shampoos are neutral or match the pH of the skin (5.5) or hair. Such shampoos are more preferable for washing hair.
Shampoo cleanses hair and skin. The detergent base of all shampoos are surfactants that serve to cleanse the hair. In addition to surface substances, shampoos contain substances for hair care and protection, functional additives, preservatives, active medicinal ingredients, as well as foaming agents.
Depending on their purpose, there are several types of shampoos:

ordinary – most often require the use of other cosmetics. As a rule, these are detergents for various types hair (dry, oily, normal);
special – usually mild action; they can be used every day. They improve the appearance of hair, do not irritate the scalp, as they have a neutral pH level, and give hair shine and silkiness;
medicinal – designed for particularly sensitive and damaged hair and hair with dandruff. Special medicinal drugs are injected into them;
special purpose – used before and after perm or hair coloring. They neutralize the remaining oxidizer, strengthen the hair and give it strength, close the cuticle scales, and preserve the color of dyed hair.

Shampoos are divided into: liquid And concentrated .
All concentrated shampoos must be diluted with water in a 1:1 ratio before use.
Shampoos for normal hair should be gentle. For washing such hair will do a light hygiene product, not overloaded with nutrients, which gently cleanses the hair and does not dry out the skin.
For normal hair, undyed and unbleached, you can use “universal” shampoos that have an average effect.
Shampoos for fine hair contain, in addition to mild detergents, hair strengthening substances (keratin, protein or herbal extracts). They contribute to the formation of a light rough film on the hair, create volume and maintain the hairstyle. Proteins and some urea compounds strengthen the hair shaft, making it stiffer. Accordingly, shampoos that contain proteins and add volume to the hair are suitable for fine hair. Thanks to these substances, the hair does not stick together so quickly.
Shampoos for oily hair . Oily hair is washed with acidic shampoos containing, for example, cedar oil.
Detergents for oily hair contain a minimum of nutrients, there are no fatty additives at all. Moreover, such shampoos often contain antimicrobial and tannin substances, which give the hair a “combing” roughness. They are added to shampoo to normalize oil secretion and prevent hair from sticking together after washing.
Shampoos for dry and split ends . There are special shampoos for dry hair; they usually contain a lot of fatty additives and moisturizing substances.
These preparations are supplied with lanolin or lecithin, and also contain synthetic adhesives that make the hair elastic and smooth. For thin hair or mixed hair types, it is better not to use such shampoos; nutritional additives can put a lot of stress on the hair, and it will quickly stick together. In this case, it is better to use special shampoos for oily hair and carry out treatment as often as possible.
Shampoos for dry hair are vigorously rubbed into the scalp to restore normal sebum secretion. Before washing, partings are made on the head with a comb, and the skin is covered with a thin layer of shampoo. The skin of the scalp is strongly massaged with the pads of the fingers. In order for lanolin to be better and faster absorbed into the skin, you need to tie a heated towel around your head. After some time, you need to apply shampoo again and wash your hair.
Shampoos for damaged hair . Bleached or colored hair should be washed with neutral shampoos that are high in nutrients (bone marrow, egg yolk and so on.).
Hair damaged by perm or bleaching requires special care. You should use shampoos for damaged hair that contain proteins, jojoba oil and avocado.
Shampoos “2 in 1” . This is the name for shampoos that not only wash, but also have conditioning properties, that is, they smooth, normalize hair and nourish its roots. After using these products, your hair is shiny and easy to comb. But with prolonged use, problems may arise. Additives such as silicones settle on the surface of the hair over time, weighing it down and making it limp. If this happens, you need to switch to using shampoo for normal hair for a while.
Cosmetologists believe that there cannot be a universal double shampoo. The effect of “2 in 1” shampoo is contradictory in essence: surfactants wash away part of the conditioner, weakening the protective effect of the latter. In addition, the condition of the hair must be constantly monitored, and the conditioner in the shampoo interferes with this, only visually improving the appearance of the hair. “2 in 1” is most suitable for traveling conditions. We must remember that conditioner adheres better to hair when used separately from shampoo.
Anti-dandruff shampoos . Such shampoos contain detergents that free the scalp of dead particles and additives that slow down the formation of new dandruff. Anti-dandruff shampoo is used only when it appears.
Simple dry dandruff is more treatable, but is somewhat less common. Oily dandruff is usually combined with seborrheic dermatitis, which is often accompanied by itchy skin.
Many shampoos that do not match the oiliness of the skin can provoke excessive sebum production, and this contributes to the growth of fungus. In such cases, you have to use double doses of shampoo, which leads to thinning of the epidermis. Hence the conclusion: shampoo should be selected not only according to hair type, it is also necessary to take into account the type of scalp.
Polishing shampoos . These shampoos save hair from excess nutritional supplements. They have enhanced cleaning abilities. The use of such shampoos is justified before perm or coloring.
2.3. Technology for washing your head and hair
Preparatory work.
Before washing your hair, the hairdresser must do the following:

prepare your work area, be sure to clean the sink;
invite the client to the chair;
conduct a preliminary conversation;
wash your hands and disinfect the tools;
comb your hair thoroughly to identify the presence of diseases, as well as to determine the type of hair and its condition;
cover the client with hairdressing underwear (use two towels and a napkin, with one towel placed on the shoulders and the second towel wiped off the hair);
pour the required amount of shampoo into a measuring cup;
adjust the water temperature (the optimal temperature for washing hair is 37-40 °C).

In the hairdresser, they use two methods of washing hair: with the head tilted forward and with the head tilted back.
When washing hair with the head tilted forward, it is necessary to offer the client a sterile napkin to protect the face.
Hair washing sequence

Wet your hair thoroughly with water.
Pour the required amount of shampoo into your palm for more convenient distribution on the hair, as well as for warming.
Distribute the shampoo evenly on the hair, starting from the roots.
Lather the shampoo on the hair in a circular motion, with the fingertips moving from the edge of the hairline to the highest point of the head.
Rinse off the shampoo and then apply a second time.

Hygienic hair washing is performed twice.
Final works .
At the final stage of washing your hair you need to:

carry out a neutralization reaction on the hair;
wipe off hair light wet movements;
comb your hair starting from the ends;
offer Additional services(drying, styling, cutting, etc.);
take off your hairdressing underwear.

To improve the hair structure, the following preparations are used: conditioners, rinses, conditioners, balms.
Conditioner balms in the form of a liquid, cream or soap, they include substances that compensate for the loss of natural lubrication of the hair, soften the hair, relieve tension and give it shine. There are special additives that help neutralize the effects of chemical effects on hair when coloring or curling.
Acid rinses used to restore pH levels and remove soap residue from hair. The fatty acids that make up soap combine with inorganic substances in water and form a soap residue that cannot be washed off with water. As a result, the hair loses its shine and becomes very difficult to comb.
Currently, hair is washed with shampoos rather than soap, so acid rinses are practically not used.
Balanced acidity rinses designed to fix color after applying dyes. They facilitate the penetration of dye molecules into the cuticle, which prevents hair from fading. Most often, such rinses include lemon acid and moisturizers that make hair soft and supple.
Therapeutic rinses reduce the amount of dandruff, improve the appearance of hair and ensure easy combing.
Air conditioners (liquid and creamy) are used to make hair easier to comb and add shine. However, it is not recommended to use these products very often, as they accumulate in the hair, making it heavy and greasy. This forces you to wash your hair more often, resulting in further hair damage.
Balms not only stabilize the pH level of the hair, but also smooth out the top layer (cuticle) of the hair, which swells and bursts when alkali (hard water, shampoo, dye or permanent composition) gets on it. By smoothing the outer layer, the balm helps make each hair more manageable and prevents harmful substances from entering. The cuticle also helps protect each hair from water evaporation, which is the main cause of dry and brittle hair.
Most balms should be rinsed off with warm water, after which you should thoroughly dry your hair with a towel using light movements.
It is not recommended to comb your hair immediately after washing; you must first dry it slightly naturally. It is also not recommended to use a very hot hair dryer to style wet hair.

3. COMBING YOUR HAIR
3.1. Tasks of combing hair
Combing is a mandatory operation for all types of hair treatment without exception, even those that are completely different from each other. Combing allows you to perform the most important tasks :

eliminate tangled hair(tangled hair prevents you from quickly and correctly separating strands of hair when curling, and when coloring, combing the dye onto the ends of the hair);
ensure that the hair is positioned parallel to each other, which is very important when winding on curlers or bobbins to obtain a high-quality curl (the hair of each strand, when winding on the appropriate tool, must be positioned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool - this requirement can only be met by combing the hair and keeping it parallel to each other. In addition Moreover, if the hair is not parallel, it is impossible to achieve a uniform distribution of the wetting composition for perm);
give hair the desired direction(fulfillment of this condition is of great importance for hairstyle design);
determine the hair length of each or individual sections of the scalp(a necessary requirement for cutting certain styles).

3.2. Stages of combing heavily tangled hair
Before combing your hair, you need to check how tangled it is. If the hair is in good condition (for example, it was combed by the client shortly before coming to the hairdresser), the combing process is simplified and represents only a control check of each section of hair with a comb. If the hair is very tangled or unkempt, combing it must be done with extreme caution. Haste can lead in this case to painful sensations and to the fact that the hair can not only be torn, but also pulled out along with the bulb. This is what makes it necessary to split the operation of combing heavily tangled hair into several stages.
Initial stage of combing very tangled hair dividing hair into sections . The size of the separated areas should be inversely proportional to the tangle of the hair - the more tangled the hair is, the smaller the area allocated for combing. It is better to take the first strands for combing your hair from the lowest parts of the scalp. Comb the strand as follows. Using the thumb of your left hand or little finger, lightly press the base of the strand to be processed to the scalp. This is necessary so as not to cause the client pain in case of a forced stop of the comb in places where the hair is especially tangled. It is advisable to start combing your hair from the ends. Having carefully combed the first 5-10 cm of hair strands, proceed to combing the next part of the strand, approaching the base. Stop combing by passing the comb freely and repeatedly throughout the entire strand of hair.
After combing one strand of hair, separate the area adjacent to it and process it in the same way as the first, etc.
For combing, use a wide-toothed comb and hold it in the first way (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Combing hair
Final stage of combing – combining combed strands and contour combing them . As with combing small areas, the task can be considered completed if the comb passes smoothly along the entire scalp.
3.3. Combing short hair
For combing short hair there is no need to divide them into sections. In this case, combing is done with light and short movements, holding the scalp of the area of ​​hair being combed with your hand. Only after making sure that there are no tangled areas of hair do they begin to comb the entire scalp. By freely and repeatedly combing the hair with a comb, the task of combing the hair can be considered completely completed.
The hairdresser's movements should be light, neat, and unhurried. Combing wet and damp hair requires special attention. Such hair loses strength and is easily pulled out. You should also be very careful when combing hair that is systematically permed, dyed, or bleached.
Combing your hair is also good for hygiene. In the process of combing, as a result of scalp massage, blood flow to the hair papillae and hair roots increases, which has a beneficial effect on their vital functions. However, increasing pressure on skin covering when combing it can cause irritation.

4. DRY YOUR HAIR
Hair drying is a mandatory final operation for almost all types of customer service, especially in women's rooms. The need to dry hair sometimes arises during one or another hair treatment operation. However, the main purpose of drying is to fix the shape that was given to the hair in wet. The quality of styling depends on how well the hair has dried, i.e. the final appearance and relative durability of the hairstyle.
Wet hair is very plastic (pliable) and quite easily takes a given shape using a styling or curling tool. When dry, their elasticity is restored, and the hair is able to retain the shape it was given in a wet state for a long time. Hair is dried using special devices (dryers) (Fig. 3.).

Figure 3. Sushuar
The quality of hair styling depends on how the hair is dried. The hairstyle will not last long on under-dried hair, since it has not fully restored its elasticity. If your hair gets too dry, it loses its shine, becomes brittle, and your hairstyle doesn’t last long. Therefore, you need to limit yourself to only such a drying time, during which all the moisture applied to them has time to evaporate.
Determine really right time It is very difficult to dry hair, since there is no special standard for this. Therefore, firstly, the hygroscopicity of hair should be taken into account, i.e. their ability to absorb a certain amount of moisture. If the hair is poorly wetted (water flows off it and is not absorbed), it dries very quickly. Hair 12-15 cm long, which has minimal hygroscopicity, can be dried under the device in 10 minutes. Porous (hygroscopic) hair requires more time to dry - 20-25 minutes. The more hygroscopic the hair, the longer it will absorb water and, therefore, the longer it will take to dry. It is especially important to take this property of hair into account when curling it with curlers.
Another important factor in determining how long it takes to dry your hair is the thickness of the strand you are curling. Drying time also depends on the length of the hair. As noted above, hair 12-15 cm long can be dried depending on its properties in 10-25 minutes. Drying hair longer than 30 cm requires significantly more time - 30-40 minutes. This difference in drying time for hair of different thickness, length and properties is very significant. Therefore, it is important for a hairdresser to be able to determine the required time for given hair with an accuracy of 5 minutes in order to avoid too much drying or under-drying of the hair. In the latter case, the hair simply dries out. If you overdry, irreparable damage is caused to your hair - it becomes brittle and loses its shine.
Before the client is seated under the dryer, you need to adjust the temperature using a thermostat (50-60°C) and set the time switch to the minimum number of minutes required to dry the hair of this group. After the set time has expired, do a drying quality control check by untwisting two or three curls. If your hair is slightly damp, you can increase the drying time by 5-10 minutes. The curlers should not be untwisted immediately after drying. You need to keep them wound for some time so that they cool down. This is necessary because heated hair does not have sufficient elasticity due to the action of elevated temperature. The stratum corneum of the hair softens from heating, as a result of which the curls can unwind halfway even under the influence of their own weight.

5. HEAD MASSAGE
5.1. Purpose and general rules of head massage
Massage (from French. massage- “to rub”) is one of the oldest methods of healing. The essence of the massage is that by kneading the skin and subcutaneous tissues, we improve the functioning of the subcutaneous sweat and sebaceous glands, blood vessels, muscles, activate nerve endings, and increase the tone of the whole body. By rubbing the bruised part of the body, stroking the face when tired, and even scratching the back of the head, we give ourselves a massage. But, of course, these are only initial movements - there are detailed schemes for whole body massage for therapeutic, hygienic (cosmetic) and sports purposes. The ability to do massage and self-massage is a very useful skill.
Head massage improves blood circulation, strengthens hair roots, softens the scalp, facilitating better penetration of biologically active substances contained in the medicinal emulsion. In addition, massage improves the functioning of the sebaceous glands, preventing the appearance of seborrhea.
First, let's list a few general rules . Do not rub the skin superficially, but press it against the bone and only then move it with circular or straight movements, as if palpating, kneading and rubbing, all the time feeling the bone. The massage begins with light, stroking movements - the scalp should be warmed and washed. Gradually, the impact of the fingers intensifies, and at the end of the massage weakens again, ending with light, gentle touches. The first massage sessions should be shorter and the impact lighter - this way the body will gradually get used to this procedure. Rhythm is of great importance during a massage - the client, obeying the rhythm of the massage therapist, seems to be anticipating the next movement in advance, so he feels comfortable and relaxed. You cannot start a massage very energetically and end it suddenly. After the massage, you need to rest for 10-15 minutes (even if you are going to start washing your hair). It is not recommended to massage the head more than twice a week.
The massage is performed only on clean, damp hair with the obligatory use of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs.
Currently, all companies producing professional perfumes produce a series of hair care products, as well as preparations for intensive hair treatment. Special knowledge is required to use these drugs. Therefore, let’s get acquainted with the simplest and most accessible drug “Londesral”. It is produced by the German company Londa in the form of an emulsion and intensive.
Londestral emulsion is available in liter packaging and is intended for the treatment of all types of hair. Londestral-intensive is usually available in 100 g tubes and is intended to treat a specific hair type.
etc.................

Having beautiful and healthy hair is not only the natural desire of every person, but also a requirement of modern fashion. Hair can be thick or thin, thin or elastic, wavy or straight. But they must be clean and well-groomed. Proper hair washing helps achieve this.

Hair washing is used in hairdressing salons for almost any service. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released mix with skin flakes and dirt, creating a fertile ground for pathogenic bacteria, which can lead to various skin diseases. All types of hairdressing work, with the exception of hair coloring with dyes containing hydrogen peroxide, are performed on clean, freshly washed hair. Wet hair is more elastic, easily takes on one shape or another, stretches strongly and does not break.

Washing your hair has three purposes:

• hygienic - removing contamination from the surface of hair and skin;
• deformation - removing traces of the previous hairstyle;
• preparatory - softening the outer scaly layer of hair.

Hygiene goal washing the hair - removing dust deposits, as well as fat secreted by the sebaceous glands of the head. Oily hair is difficult to process, since fat, covering the scaly layer of hair with a thin coating, closes the pores and inhibits the penetration of coloring, curling and styling products into the hair. In this case, hair degreasing can be considered not only a hygienic, but also a preparatory operation.

Wet hair easily stretches and takes on the desired shape. This is a physical property of hair. It is this property that underlies deformation target washing your hair. Often the hair retains traces of previous styling or a certain shape from hats, and therefore, to eliminate such defects, the hair must first be washed and combed.

Preparatory goal shampooing involves softening the outer scaly layer of hair under the influence of detergents, which facilitate their rapid and unhindered interaction with other chemicals.

Washing your hair in hairdressing salons can be done in two ways - with your head tilted forward and with your head tilted back. In modern salons and hairdressing salons, the second method is used more often.

When washing with head tilt forward no special equipment is required - the client tilts his head over the sink. The head is washed with shampoo, choosing for this purpose the most suitable one for a given hair type.

When using the second method with tilting your head back a special sink with a recess is used. The recess in the sink makes it possible to press the client's neck tightly against it so that water or hair treatment compounds do not get on clothes.

Depending on the type and amount of inorganic compounds, water can be soft or hard. Soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds (in particular, calcium salts), so shampoo lathers very well in it. Hard water contains a lot of inorganic compounds, so the amount of shampoo foam decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding baking soda. Favorable temperature for washing hair is 34 - 39°C.

Choosing a shampoo. When choosing a shampoo, you need to correctly determine your hair type. For many years, soap remained the main cleansing ingredient in shampoos. But it had a number of disadvantages, such as poor foaming in hard water and the formation of a matte coating on the hair. As a result, instead of soap, surfactants began to be used in shampoos, which produce abundant foam in water of any hardness and are easily removed when rinsing, without leaving a dull residue on the hair.

The ongoing search for new hair care products over the past decade has led to significant improvements in their quality. The main purpose of shampoos is to remove impurities from the hair and scalp. It should be noted that most modern shampoos contain certain conditioning additives.

Modern developments of new shampoos take into account the fact that hair is washed much more often today than several years ago; this stimulates the development of mild shampoos with a pH close to that of the scalp and hair (5.5 - 6.0).

Depending on their purpose, there are several types of shampoos:

• ordinary - most often require the use of other cosmetics. As a rule, these are detergents for different hair types (dry, oily, normal);
• special - usually mild; they can be used every day. They improve the appearance of hair, do not irritate the scalp, as they have a neutral pH level, and give hair shine and silkiness;
• medicinal - intended for especially sensitive and damaged hair and hair with dandruff. Special medicinal drugs are injected into them;
• special purpose - used before or after perm or hair coloring. They neutralize the remaining oxidizer, strengthen the hair and give it strength, close the cuticle scales, and preserve the color of dyed hair.

Hair washing technology. Before washing your hair, you need to prepare washing materials and hairdressing underwear, wash your hands, and invite the client to the chair. The client is covered with a towel, tightly wrapped around his neck, after which his hair is thoroughly combed. Combing your hair before washing ensures a more even distribution of detergents over the entire surface of the hair and scalp and makes it easier to comb your hair after washing. Also, during the combing process, the type of hair and its condition are determined, which allows you to more accurately select the necessary preparations for washing your hair. Hair swollen from water and detergents loses approximately half of its strength to mechanical stress. Therefore, such hair requires more careful handling. It is especially important to remember this when treating hair that is naturally weak, since it can be easily damaged after washing. Hair that is well combed before washing is easy to comb after this procedure.

After the hair has been combed, the client is invited to the sink. To prevent water from getting on clothes, the visitor should press his neck tightly against the cutout of the sink. The hair is thoroughly moistened with water, after which shampoo is applied. It should be borne in mind that cold shampoo causes discomfort, so it is better to apply detergent to your hair from the palm of your hand.

When applying detergent to your head, you should evenly distribute it over your entire head by lightly rubbing it in a circular pattern with your fingertips, trying to simultaneously cover as much of the scalp as possible with your fingers. When soap foam appears, the hair is rinsed with water and the soaping operation is repeated if necessary. If your hair is very dirty, you can use shampoo to deep cleaning hair.

Foam is removed from hair by thoroughly rinsing it with water. For one washing operation in the women's room, 20-25 ml of shampoo is required, in the men's room - 8-10 ml.

Further hair treatment depends on what operation follows shampooing and what detergent was used. If your hair has been chemically treated, then for better combing of your hair you need to apply a small amount of medicinal balm. The shine of hair depends on the condition of its outer scaly layer. The more tightly the scales are pressed together, the better the hair shines. When using the balm, the outer layer of the hair is compacted, unevenness is smoothed out, which further facilitates combing and does not lead to mechanical damage to the hair. The frequency of washing your hair depends on the condition of your hair and whether your scalp is oily or dry.

Washing your hair is an important hygiene procedure. Wet hair is more elastic and easily takes on one shape or another, stretches strongly and does not break. In addition, washing your hair is necessary to remove the oil that is secreted by the sebaceous glands of the scalp. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released, mixing with skin flakes and dirt, will create favorable conditions for pathogenic bacteria that cause skin diseases.

Washing your hair has three purposes:

vremoval of dirt from hair (hygienic);

vremoval of traces of previous installation (deformation);

vloosening the outer layer of hair (preparatory).

There are also three types of hair washing:

vhygienic - using regular shampoo;

vmedicinal - using medicinal drugs;

vdry - using dry shampoo, produced in aerosols, or alcohol.

Most often, hygienic hair washing is performed. As you know, water has cleansing properties. When hygienic washing, shampoo is necessary only to increase the effectiveness of its effect. Shampoos contain substances that can cleanse hair of dirt, grease and styling products. Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands does not dissolve in water, but under the action of shampoo it coagulates into tiny droplets and is washed away with water.

To get a good result, it is very important to choose the right shampoo and prepare the water. Depending on the type and content of inorganic compounds, soft and hard water are distinguished. Soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds, so shampoo lathers very well in it. Hard water, on the contrary, contains a lot of inorganic compounds, so the soapiness of the shampoo decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding borax or soda. Before choosing a shampoo, you need to correctly determine your hair type. Shampoos for damaged hair should contain substances that can improve their appearance. If your hair is oily, you need a special shampoo.

The current opinion that frequent washing increases their fat content is incorrect. Very oily hair can be washed even every day. To keep your hair intact and give it shine, you need to be very careful when choosing a shampoo, especially if you wash your hair frequently. Too active or incorrectly selected shampoo can harm your hair. Gentle, soft preparations, on the contrary, due to their healing properties, improve the condition of the scalp and eliminate damage to the hair structure. It is very important to choose a shampoo with the required pH level, which characterizes the acid-base environment of the cosmetic product. The pH level can range from 1 to 14. A shampoo with a pH of 7 is considered neutral (neither alkaline nor acidic). At pH > 7 the shampoo is alkaline. The lower the pH value, the higher the acidity of the shampoo. Most shampoos are neutral or match the pH of the skin (5.5) or hair. Such shampoos are more preferable for washing hair. The shampoo cleanses the hair and scalp. The detergent base of all shampoos are surfactants that serve to cleanse the hair. In addition to surfactants, shampoos contain substances for hair care and protection, functional additives, preservatives, active medicinal ingredients, as well as foaming agents.

Having beautiful and healthy hair is not only the natural desire of every person, but also a requirement of modern fashion. Hair can be thick or thin, thin or elastic, wavy or straight. But they must be clean and well-groomed. Proper hair washing helps achieve this.

Hair washing is used in hairdressing salons for almost any service. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released mix with skin flakes and dirt, creating a fertile ground for pathogenic bacteria, which can lead to various skin diseases. All types of hairdressing work, with the exception of hair coloring with dyes containing hydrogen peroxide, are performed on clean, freshly washed hair. Wet hair is more elastic, easily takes on one shape or another, stretches strongly and does not break.

Washing your hair has three purposes:

• hygienic - removing contamination from the surface of hair and skin;
• deformation - removing traces of the previous hairstyle;
• preparatory - softening the outer scaly layer of hair.

Washing your hair in hairdressing salons can be done in two ways - with your head tilted forward and with your head tilted back. In modern salons and hairdressing salons, the second method is used more often.

When washing with head tilt forward no special equipment is required - the client tilts his head over the sink. The head is washed with shampoo, choosing for this purpose the most suitable one for a given hair type.

When using the second method with tilting your head back a special sink with a recess is used. The recess in the sink makes it possible to press the client's neck tightly against it so that water or hair treatment compounds do not get on clothes.

Depending on the type and amount of inorganic compounds, water can be soft or hard. Soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds (in particular, calcium salts), so shampoo lathers very well in it. Hard water contains a lot of inorganic compounds, so the amount of shampoo foam decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding baking soda. Favorable temperature for washing hair is 34 - 39°C.

Choosing a shampoo. When choosing a shampoo, you need to correctly determine your hair type. For many years, soap remained the main cleansing ingredient in shampoos. But it had a number of disadvantages, such as poor foaming in hard water and the formation of a matte coating on the hair. As a result, instead of soap, surfactants began to be used in shampoos, which produce abundant foam in water of any hardness and are easily removed when rinsing, without leaving a dull residue on the hair.

The ongoing search for new hair care products over the past decade has led to significant improvements in their quality. The main purpose of shampoos is to remove impurities from the hair and scalp. It should be noted that most modern shampoos contain certain conditioning additives.

Modern developments of new shampoos take into account the fact that hair is washed much more often today than several years ago; this stimulates the development of mild shampoos with a pH close to that of the scalp and hair (5.5 - 6.0).

Depending on their purpose, there are several types of shampoos:

• ordinary - most often require the use of other cosmetics. As a rule, these are detergents for different hair types (dry, oily, normal);
• special - usually mild; they can be used every day. They improve the appearance of hair, do not irritate the scalp, as they have a neutral pH level, and give hair shine and silkiness;
• medicinal - intended for especially sensitive and damaged hair and hair with dandruff. Special medicinal drugs are injected into them;
• special purpose - used before or after perm or hair coloring. They neutralize the remaining oxidizer, strengthen the hair and give it strength, close the cuticle scales, and preserve the color of dyed hair.

Hair washing technology. Before washing your hair, you need to prepare washing materials and hairdressing underwear, wash your hands, and invite the client to the chair. The client is covered with a towel, tightly wrapped around his neck, after which his hair is thoroughly combed. Combing your hair before washing ensures a more even distribution of detergents over the entire surface of the hair and scalp and makes it easier to comb your hair after washing. Also, during the combing process, the type of hair and its condition are determined, which allows you to more accurately select the necessary preparations for washing your hair. Hair swollen from water and detergents loses approximately half of its strength to mechanical stress. Therefore, such hair requires more careful handling. It is especially important to remember this when treating hair that is naturally weak, since it can be easily damaged after washing. Hair that is well combed before washing is easy to comb after this procedure.

After the hair has been combed, the client is invited to the sink. To prevent water from getting on clothes, the visitor should press his neck tightly against the cutout of the sink. The hair is thoroughly moistened with water, after which shampoo is applied. It should be borne in mind that cold shampoo causes discomfort, so it is better to apply detergent to your hair from the palm of your hand.

When applying detergent to your head, you should evenly distribute it over your entire head by lightly rubbing it in a circular pattern with your fingertips, trying to simultaneously cover as much of the scalp as possible with your fingers. When soap foam appears, the hair is rinsed with water and the soaping operation is repeated if necessary. If your hair is very dirty, you can use shampoo to deep clean your hair.

Foam is removed from hair by thoroughly rinsing it with water. For one washing operation in the women's room, 20-25 ml of shampoo is required, in the men's room - 8-10 ml.

Further hair treatment depends on what operation follows shampooing and what detergent was used. If your hair has been chemically treated, then for better combing of your hair you need to apply a small amount of medicinal balm. The shine of hair depends on the condition of its outer scaly layer. The more tightly the scales are pressed together, the better the hair shines. When using the balm, the outer layer of the hair is compacted, unevenness is smoothed out, which further facilitates combing and does not lead to mechanical damage to the hair. The frequency of washing your hair depends on the condition of your hair and whether your scalp is oily or dry.

Drying hair

Hair drying is a mandatory final operation for almost all types of customer service, especially in women's rooms. The need to dry hair sometimes arises during one or another hair treatment operation. However, the main purpose of drying is to fix the shape that was given to the hair when wet. The quality of styling depends on how well the hair has dried, i.e. the final appearance and relative durability of the hairstyle.

Wet hair very plastic (pliable) and quite easily take the shape given to them using a styling or curling tool. When dried, their elasticity is restored, and the hair is able to maintain long time the shape given to them when wet. Hair is dried using special devices (dryers).

Air styling. Hair styling with a brush and hair dryer is carried out depending on the length of the hair.

Blow-drying to lift the roots using a flat skeletal brush is called bombing. It is used in both men's and women's rooms when performing everyday evening and model hairstyles.

The order of operations is as follows:

• The strand is grabbed with a brush at the root, against hair growth, for maximum lift. A stream of air is directed onto the strand tangentially to the head and the resulting hair crease is fixed. Allow this section of the strand to cool on the brush until completely dry;
• The entire length of the strand is pulled with a brush, directing the hair dryer jet in the direction of the lines of the intended hairstyle. After this, remove the brush from the dried strand of hair;
• In the same way, they continue to perform styling on other parts of the head, gradually moving from the occipital zone to the frontal one.

Using a round brush, shape the ends of the hair or straighten it curly hair. This installation method is called brushing , it only applies to the women's room.

A hairdryer is convenient for styling hair of any length. Hairstyles with short hair will be more voluminous and will last longer if the hair is moistened at the roots with gel, liquid hairspray or styling foam.

Blow-drying requires special care. You need to dry your hair very carefully, trying to ensure that already dried hair does not come into contact with wet hair; clearly work out all the details, while simultaneously creating a three-dimensional shape of the hairstyle and making sure that the air stream does not burn the skin. To do this, it is recommended to direct the air stream along a tangent line to the head, from the roots to the ends of the strand. After styling, comb the hair with a wide-toothed comb.

Using a comb, a flat brush and a hairdryer, you can create waves. To do this, hold the comb perpendicular to the separated strand, insert the teeth of the brush into the hair at a distance of two to three fingers' width and move it slightly to the right. This is how the first wave is formed. Then the comb is turned with its teeth up, tilted towards itself and dried with a stream of air, directing it to the left. The second wave is obtained in the same way, changing the direction of the brush and hair dryer. The comb is moved to the left 1 cm and turned towards itself. The hair is dried with a hair dryer directed to the right.

You can start styling from the parietal area of ​​the head or from the parting. The brush is held parallel to the head, grabbing a strand of hair, the hair is lifted at the roots and turned slightly toward itself, after which the brush is moved away from the parting, gradually drying the hair along the entire brush. This technique is repeated several times to give the hair the desired shape.

You can wind long strands on a round brush and dry each strand first from the outside and then from the inside. To do this, comb the strand with your left hand, slightly twisting the brush, as a result of which the hair is well fixed to the brush, taking the shape of a curl. In this case, the hair will curl beautifully downwards without giving the impression of being curled in curlers.