When we made the first article "Top Italian Shoe Brands", the reaction to it was mixed. The readers were divided into two camps - some admired and already compiled a list of brands for New Year's shopping, others asked with undisguised irritation: "Where are Prada and Gucci?" The answer is - they are here, in our list of the best Italian bag brands. This does not mean that Prada velvet Mary Janes or Gucci fur slippers are not the best. It's just that these Italian Maisons have made a name for themselves on leather bags and accessories, which is what we want to emphasize. And to complete the education in the field of Italian accessories, we have added other outstanding Italian brands, from which it is worth looking for a dream bag.

Prada

The first store of the Prada brothers opened in Milan's Vittorio Emanuele gallery in 1913 - the entire European aristocracy gathered there in those days for bags made of innovative Saffiano leather, suitcases and chests. Prada, as we know it now, was born much later - in the 70s, when Mario Prada's granddaughter, Miuccia, took the helm. And again, her real leadership began with a status accessory - in the 80s, the designer introduced a line of bags and backpacks made of high-tech black nylon, outwardly almost indistinguishable from silk. With modern Prada bags, it is united only by a modest triangular logo, now known throughout the world. What to look for in the current collections of the brand? On the elegant Paradigme model, on the Prada Cahier shoulder bag with a guitar strap and on clutches with prints from the 60s.

Fendi

The fur and accessory manufactory of Edoardo and Adele Fendi on Via del Plebisito in Rome was the first in 1925 - and over the following decades became perhaps the most important place for native Romans, where you could always find the most luxurious fur coat or leather bag. Today, the House of Fendi produces every apparel and accessory imaginable. And the brand itself is associated with the name of Karl Lagerfeld, who took over as creative director in 1965. But the success of the Italian brand's iconic bags lies entirely with Silvia Venturini Fendi - it was she who created the iconic The Baguette in 1997, The Spy in 2005 and the B Bag in 2006. Probably the most popular Fendi model in the modern world is the Peekaboo with a seemingly open clasp.

Gucci

That's where the real Italian passion is in the history of the House of Gucci. For more than 90 years of existence, everything that can and cannot be imagined has happened in the brand - triumphs, scandals, corporate espionage, fashionable discoveries and even one contract killing. Not surprisingly, Wong Kar-wai is going to make a film about how in 1995 Maurizio Gucci was shot dead on the orders of his ex-wife Patricians. But let's get back to the triumphs - the innovation of the House of Gucci in the 30s was the invention of its own material, canvas with a print of woven diamonds. This fabric can still be seen on the bags of the brand, and in those days, suitcases were mainly made from it. In the 50s, Gucci became the first Italian brand so popular in the States that even Jackie Kennedy went with their bag - in fact, with this model, Jackie, the era of it-bags of the House began. Gucci has always loved to shock - in the 90s the world was amazed by the collections of Tom Ford, and today - by the dreamer Alessandro Michele. It was this designer who gave Gucci handbags their modern look - richly embellished with decor, slogans and every possible shade.

Valextra

Founded in Milan in 1937, Valextra is often referred to as the "unicorn" in the world of accessories - these bags are rare, magical in execution and unchanged from the very beginning. Italian style can not be called minimalist, and Valextra was a pioneer here - the founder of the brand, Giovanni Fontana, focused exclusively on the preciousness and exoticism of the skin, without using any decorative elements. No logo, no intricate fittings, no jewelry. As a result, these bags and luggage, along with rare diamonds, ended up in the collections of the most sophisticated people - from Grace Kelly to Aristotle Onassis. Today, the brand is designed by Peter Saville, a graphic artist who has worked on the covers of all the major British pop and rock bands over the past 20 years. And its influence cannot be ignored in the dynamics of colors and rare ornaments in Valextra bags - now they are not only valuable, but also artistic, quite in the spirit of the times.

Bottega Veneta

Have you noticed the intricate weaving on all Bottega Veneta bags? It is called Intrecciato and thanks to him the brand was talked about all over the world. Michel Tadei and Renzo Zengiaro founded Bottega Veneta in 1966 in Vicenza, a town between Verona and Venice. Translated from Italian, the name of the House can be translated as "Venetian Manufactory" - and indeed, the first years of its life, Bottega was more like a workshop where connoisseurs of beauty turned for unique woven bags and leather accessories. In the 2000s, the Italian House received a second life - with the arrival of designer Giles Deacon and stylist Cathy Grand, the brand was first talked about as a trendsetter. Today, all the collections of the brand are created by the German Thomas Mayer, who, like the creators of Bottega Veneta, appreciates the invention of Intrecciato - this technique still adorns all the accessories of the House.

Zanellato

Founded in 1976, the Zanellato brand in his native Italy is well known and sincerely loved - you must admit, not every bag appears on the state postage stamp, and, moreover, twice. Model Postina, soft, textured leather and with two clasps, one of which is a snag, was created "based on" the traditional bag of Italian postmen of the middle of the century. This accessory even has its own logo - a characteristic crossbar, also one of the symbols of the 50s. Postina is said to be the most counterfeited bag in Italy. You can distinguish the original from a fake thanks to a special engraving on one of the rivets. But you should not focus solely on this Zanellato model either - the rest of the brand's bags turn out to be no less comfortable, roomy and beautiful. And if you are looking for evidence, go to the first boutique of the brand in Russia in the Crocus City Mall.

Paula Cademartori

Paula Cademartori may have been born in Brazil, but she launched her first handbag line in Italy, where she studied accessories design. After quitting her job at Versace, Paula launched her own brand at 26 - and she really started small and even posed as her own assistant to impress buyers. Paula Cademartori is one of those brands that has become popular thanks to the Internet and street style: the bright graphic design of her bags was quickly appreciated by stylists and fashion editors, and most importantly, by photographers. Today, such a madness of ornaments and shades is a thing of the past. But we believe that one Cademartori bag should still be in the wardrobe of a modern girl.

Furla

Looking at the energetic design of Furla bags, you will never guess that the history of this brand goes back 90 years. Aldo Furlanetto, the creator of the brand, went through all the trouble before starting to sell the bags for which Furla is known today - he sold inexpensive leather goods and bags of other brands in his Bologna boutique of the same name. However, Furla, which we know and love, appeared in the 70s - it was then that Aldo introduced the public to a complete collection of bags. Throughout its history, Furla has had several hits - these are the elegant Linda models, the roomy Capriccios, the fun and innovative Candy, made, among others, from transparent plastic. But our all-time favorite is the compact Metropolis bag, always created with imagination.

Sara Battaglia

Designer Sarah Battaglia sewed her first bag at the age of 6, stealing from her mother, a famous Italian sculptor, a piece of fabric for a dress. Then the most interesting thing is that the girl managed to sell this bag to her teacher. It's no wonder Sarah's signature brand has been such a success, not just because of her commercial streak, but also because of the artistic worldview she shares with her sister, Giovanna Battaglia. The business cards of the Sara Battaglia brand are fringes, kaleidoscopic colors and accessories in the form of bows on clutches. Say you saw all this at Salvatore Ferragamo? Of course, because today Sarah creates a capsule line for the House

Coccinelle

The Parma region of Italy is world famous for its culinary inventions, from parmesan to meat products. But in 1978, the Mazzieri family broke the mold and started making handbags. From Italian Coccinelle translates as ladybug, and the colors of the brand's accessories are more reminiscent of exotic plants - there is light green, and pale blue, and fuchsia, and pomegranate. At the same time, the shape of the bags is the most concise and fits perfectly into modernity - pay attention to the trapezoid model B14 and the shoulder bag with a figured valve Clessidra.

Pugnetti Parma

The Pugnetti Parma brand is very young - designer Filippo Pugnetti founded it in 2015. But let age not deceive you - Pugnetti uses ancient techniques known only to masters at the Parma manufactory, which, by the way, has existed since the end of the 17th century. Processing and dyeing leather, combining cuts and designing - all these stages of creating Pugnetti Parma bags are almost no different from the old ones, those that were used in the traditions of the Renaissance. As always, these models are made modern by the details – Pugnetti bags are recognizable due to the “tie” decor on the clasps and clasps.

Elena Ghisellini

Even if you have never heard the name of Elena Gisellini, then you have definitely seen the results of her work - for nine years this native of Genoa created bags for the Houses of Givenchy, Emilio Pucci and Roberto Cavalli. In 2014, Elena decided to reveal her name to the world and created her own brand. Elena Ghisellini bags are instantly recognizable thanks to their iridescent patchwork, dark humor, sensual shapes and exceptional quality leather.

Giancarlo Petriglia

Designer Giancarlo Petrilla has worked at Trussardi, collaborating with Nicholas Ghesquière and architect Vincent Darre, known for his surreal buildings and interiors. Perhaps it was Darre's influence that prompted Giancarlo to create a personalized brand in 2011 - the designer's bags are distinguished by the same unbridled fantasy. Starting with the brand's symbol, two griffins on the clasp, and ending with figurative decor, everything in the Giancarlo Petriglia collections is delightful. Quality is also not far behind - accessories are created at an old manufactory in Palermo, but using modern technologies, such as eco-glue.

Fashion plays an important role in the life of modern girls. They are willing to spend time browsing blogs, reading glossy magazines or articles, all in order to follow the fashion industry. Not knowing fashion trends and not having new items in your wardrobe is considered a crime for many. It is no secret that for a stylish bow it is not enough to dress beautifully. Here you can not do without additional accessories. With the right selection of jewelry (earrings, brooches, pendants, watches, etc.), you are guaranteed to get a great look.

One of the most important accessories is a women's bag. Nowadays, any luxury clothing brand or a new company on the market cannot do without creating fashionable women's bags. They are presented in completely different versions.

• Classic women's bag. Fashionable part of the wardrobe, most often made of leather. Usually this item is purchased for every day, because. it contains all the necessary things, and the appearance becomes even more aesthetic.
• Clutch - a miniature women's bag with a long strap. There are models for evening wear, which are decorated with rhinestones or made of mother-of-pearl material. There are also casual options that look great with both business and casual attire.
• A backpack is a wardrobe item that is worn on the back thanks to special straps. Has the shape of a bag. Very comfortable, roomy and practical option. Manufacturers offer backpacks not only from textiles, but also from leather.
• A travel or sports bag for women is distinguished by its large size, durable material and handle. Designed for travel, sports, and more.

We have listed the most popular types of women's bags, while there are a whole lot of them. It is impossible for any fashionista to imagine a beautiful evening look without a stylish clutch or a popular casual without a backpack or bag.

Bags are made from various fabrics, a variety of prints are sewn on them, they have many colors. Therefore, choosing the ideal model for yourself is not difficult. But there is important point. Few people want to spend a certain amount on a fashionable bag that will tear or wear off in a short time, so you should not forget about quality. We have given a rating of the best manufacturers. They guarantee the ability to wear your favorite thing for a long time.

Best Inexpensive Bag Brands

It's no secret that expensive does not mean quality. This also applies to women's bags. Often, manufacturers save on quality materials, do not follow technology and create ill-conceived sketches. But, regardless of the price of the final product, there are companies that you can trust in choosing the perfect handbag. Such brands are listed in our rating. Inexpensive Fashion bags high quality - what could be better?

4 Parfois

Original colors, practicality
Country: Portugal
Rating (2019): 4.5

The Parfois brand, originally from Portugal, has branded stores throughout Europe. They present collections of clothes and accessories, among which a special place is occupied by women's bags. They are made in the most daring colors and have a unique appearance. Fashionistas can choose the perfect handbag for any look. Another feature is the thoughtful and practical design. Some bags are double-sided, each of them is painted in a different color. Eco-leather is taken as materials, which shows itself quite well when worn.

There are a wide variety of colors to choose from, from solid colors to vibrant prints. The pricing policy of the company is very democratic. Despite the high popularity, even without a sale, the buyer can purchase one of the Parfois bags at a great price. The company has been a nominee and winner of several prestigious awards, including the Emerging Market of the Year Retailer. Advantages: original design, practicality, very affordable prices, good quality, large assortment, variety of colors and prints, ease of use, best reviews.

3 Fossil

Excellent design solutions
Country: USA (made in China)
Rating (2019): 4.6

Women's bags from the American brand Fossil conquer at first sight. They have a unique design - bright bold solutions are combined with high quality tailoring and materials. Inexpensive fashion accessories are presented in a variety of colors and fabrics. The main specialization of the company is clutches and backpacks. Popular products from the USA are succinctly combined with the fashionable wardrobe of a modern Russian girl. FOSSIL produces personalized accessories for well-known retail chains and even has an agreement with such brands as Diesel, DKNY, for which it manufactures watches. Bags occupy a separate place in the assortment of the company. They are popular all over the world and have established themselves as stylish, high-quality accessories.

Advantages:

• trendy colors;
• stylish design;
• good price;
• wearing comfort.

Flaws:

• average wear resistance.

2 David Jones

The optimum ratio of price and quality
Country: France (made in China)
Rating (2019): 4.7

The French brand creates beautiful fashionable and inexpensive accessories. Clutches, backpacks, travel bags, classic with short handles or over the shoulder - David Jones offers all this on store shelves. When you see the company's products, it immediately catches your eye unusual design. Women's bags are presented for every taste - plain, with a combined fabric, leather business, etc. Here it is easy to choose an accessory for any event. The company presents several lines of bags: barrels, hobos (crescent-shaped, worn on the shoulder), handbags, business bags (for carrying documents, a laptop or a tablet). DAVID JONES bags have an optimal cost, therefore they are valued among customers around the world.

Advantages:

• fashionable appearance;
• variety of designs and colors;
• optimal cost;
• high wear resistance.

Flaws:

• not detected.

1 Medvedkovo

Best price
Country Russia
Rating (2019): 4.9

The well-known Russian factory has been manufacturing fashion accessories for over 40 years. She has earned the trust of customers throughout Russia with the excellent quality of goods and their durability. Medvedkovo offers products made of natural or artificial leather, textiles, etc. The wide range is not limited to women's bags: there are fashionable backpacks, briefcases, travel bags and shopping bags to choose from. There are models for young girls and older women. The main advantage of the brand is inexpensive, but good products. Factory "Medvedkovo" produces products for different age categories. Each fashionista will find something to her taste among the presented models. Reviews of the brand's bags are extremely positive - they are highly valued among Russian girls.

Advantages:

• variety of goods;
• good quality;
• low prices;
• natural materials.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Top Fashion and Popular Bag Brands

Especially for connoisseurs of "fresh" fashion trends, we have compiled a rating of the best fashionable and popular brands of women's bags. They have delighted girls all over the world for many years. No fashion week is complete without clothes and accessories from some brands. They offer truly fashionable women's bags. Buying specific model, you can not worry about its wear resistance. They guarantee excellent quality combined with a stylish and fashionable appearance. Those who understand the fashion industry dream of getting a bag from these companies with their recognizable logos.

4 Marc Jacobs

bold design, the best materials
Country: USA
Rating (2019): 4.6

The American brand Marc Jacobs, created in 1984, already in 2014 entered the world's largest French concern LVMH. The creator of the brand, Marc Jacobs, received a prestigious award and became the "Best Designer" in America. The company's boutiques are open in major cities around the world. In 2009, the company introduced its first women's bag, which was received with a bang by the public. Since then, she has released several dozen models, which feature a bright design, unusual shapes and colors. The popular Sling collection is represented by voluminous models with adjustable straps.

Another important point is that the company's specialists carefully choose fabrics for the manufacture of accessories. Often used natural suede, leather of the highest quality. Sometimes models are supplemented with textiles and decorations. Girls say that Marc Jacobs perfectly combines the internal capacity of the bag with compact dimensions. It is noteworthy that instead of a label, large embossed letters flaunt on the models. The range includes small handbags with a strap, clutches, etc. Some of them have unusual effect metallic. Pros: interesting design of bags, large selection, better quality materials, high popularity. Cons: expensive.

3 Furla

The widest range
Country: Italy
Rating (2019): 4.7

The world-famous brand has long earned great popularity among modern fashionistas. Geometric shapes, a variety of fashionable colors, a wide selection - all this is about women's bags from Furla. Their most iconic pieces are the miniature Metropolis and the Melody bucket bag. Any girl who is at least a little interested in the fashion industry dreams of getting these models into her collection. The best designers every season create stylish accessories that can make everyone fall in love with them.

Advantages:

• unique design;
• the highest quality;
• best colors;
• reliability.

Flaws:

• high price of some models.

2 Francesco Marconi

Presentable appearance, high-quality tailoring
Country: Italy
Rating (2019): 4.8

The Italian brand Francesco Marconi is represented in many fashion boutiques. Women's bags of the brand are distinguished by classic design and high quality. But designers also offer atypical models - when creating them, they use different materials, prints and shapes. Original colors and combinations of different fabrics distinguish fashion bags by Francesco Marconi from the rest. Customers are delighted with the quality of seams, materials, etc. The most famous line from Francesco Marconi is COCCO. Collection bags are distinguished by strict lines and colors, presentable appearance and leather "crocodile" print.

Advantages:

• quality performance;
• original design;
• a wide range of;
• bold colors.

Flaws:

• not detected.

1 Michael Kors

Best quality
Country: USA (manufactured in China, etc.)
Rating (2019): 4.9

A real trend among modern fashionistas is women's bags from Michael Kors. Strict straight lines, stylish design and the highest quality are the main advantages of the brand's products. Fashion accessories from Michael Kors are so recognizable that they cannot be confused with any other company. In the manufacture of natural materials, the best technologies and equipment are used. This will allow the company to make women's bags of unsurpassed quality. One of the most famous lines of the brand is CINDY SATCHEL. It includes bags with a very recognizable design, unusual shape and made from high quality Saffiano leather.

Advantages:

• brand products are a real trend in modern times;
• excellent recognition;
• very stylish design;
• a wide variety of fashion models.

Flaws:

• high prices for some items.

Top Legendary Bag Brands

New talented designers are constantly bursting into the fashion world with their ideas and outfits, they attract attention, create trends, and then also quickly lose popularity. Therefore, true connoisseurs prefer true classics - brands that are always on top. They firmly consolidated their positions and won thousands of hearts. The best legendary brands of women's bags have a separate place in our ranking. We have selected the most recognizable fashion houses.

4 Hermes

Perfect combination of materials, recognizable design
Country: France
Rating (2019): 4.6

The brand introduced its collection of bags to the world many years ago, but they still remain relevant in the fashion world. Hermes bags are the dream of every woman. They are perceived not as ordinary accessories, but as a luxury item. Any fashionista will recognize the model of the brand at first sight because of their unique design. All bags are created according to a strict concept: the size of each of them is strictly made in proportions of 1:2. An important feature of the brand's products is the use of only natural materials in the manufacture. The most popular handbags are made exclusively from high quality leather in several different shades. Each individual accessory is thought out to the smallest detail and makes the image perfect.

One of the most sought after handbags is the Birkin model, created in honor of the famous singer. It is characterized by small handles, compact dimensions, strict lines and the well-known lock in the middle. To decorate their products, designers use precious metals which in combination with the skin look simply amazing. The colors are always monophonic, there are calm and bright colors. Main advantages: perfect combination of materials, recognizable design, strict lines, very wide assortment, legendary models. Disadvantages: high cost of products, excellent reviews.

3 LOUIS VUITTON

Most recognizable
Country: France
Rating (2019): 4.7

Every girl in every corner of the world will always recognize the trendy colors of Louis Vuitton. Brown leather with a branded ornament has long been a symbol of style. Now there are about 350 LOUIS VUITTON branded boutiques all over the world. And the collections of the brand's bags are sold in huge volumes, despite the high cost. Fashionable travel, business and casual, they are not only beautiful, but also practical. Bags are made from natural materials of high quality, which provides excellent resistance to abrasion and damage during wear.

Advantages:

• fashionable appearance;
• good recognition;
• excellent quality of goods;
• long time of use;
• a wide range of.

Flaws:

• high price.

2 Gucci

Unique design
Country: Italy
Rating (2019): 4.8

Classic and sophisticated Italy is perfectly reflected in the collection of accessories from Gucci. Women's bags of the brand are a real classic and unsurpassed quality for true connoisseurs. Fashionable clutches, bags, cross-body and others are presented with a unique style. The best designers work to create unique products. When purchasing a fashionable women's bag of the brand, you can not worry about durability. Their accessories are worn for a very long time and never go out of style. A few years ago, the brand created an exclusive design for a Fiat car and made the heir to the Monegasque throne the face of its advertising company. The released limited collection of bags, dedicated to the most popular cities in the world (New York, Tokyo, etc.), brought the company a big profit.

Advantages:

• unique design;
• classic stylish performance;
• high wear resistance;
• excellent tailoring quality;
• natural materials.

Flaws:

• high price.

1 Prada

The most trendy models
Country: Italy
Rating (2019): 4.9

Any girl who is interested in the world of fashion definitely wants to have a Prada bag in her wardrobe. Italian quality, tailoring according to the right technologies, the best materials and equipment - all this guarantees a long service life. Women's bags from this legendary brand are represented by the most unusual design solutions. But Prada does not forget about the classics - their fashionable bags made of genuine leather have strict forms and stylish business colors. Fans of the fashion house are such famous personalities as Eva Mendes, Julia Roberts, Eva Longoria and others. A popular collection of bags is Neiman Marcus for Prada with portraits of women in pop art style, issued by the famous artist.

Advantages:

• expensive appearance;
• the most stylish designs;
• guarantee of the highest quality;
• high wear resistance.

Flaws:

• high price.

This material is subjective, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a guide to the purchase. Before buying, you need to consult with a specialist.

Stylish clothes and shoes are not all you need to create the perfect look. Properly selected accessories will enhance the impression, focus on seemingly conspicuous details of the costume. A handbag is perhaps the main accessory of a woman, the choice of which she treats with such scrupulousness and thoroughness. Skillfully picking it up, you can be sure of your irresistibility.

Rating of the best brands of women's bags

Nomination	place	Name of product	price
Best Inexpensive Women's Bag Brands	1		elegance and quality affordable price
	2		variety of European style models
	3		a variety of color solutions
	4		quality mid-range accessories
	5		The best ratio of price and quality
The best fashion and popular brands women's bags	1		most iconic brand
	2		most recognizable style
	3		traditional Italian quality
	4		oldest fashion house
	5		the best combination of styles
	6		inimitable style and sophistication
	7		the most iconic models
	8		the widest range
	9		best youth brand

Best Inexpensive Women's Bag Brands

Many believe that a good accessory cannot be bought for little money, and it will be either a fake or a poor quality item. But our experts can argue with this by including in the rating 5 bag manufacturers whose products are distinguished by thoughtful design and affordable price.

The brand was founded 30 years ago in Glasgow and positioned itself as a manufacturer of men's suits and shirts. Due to lack of money, its creator, Raymond Stuart Kelvinn, could not afford to pay for extensive advertising. For unwinding, I had to use word of mouth. And this method gave its results, because the brand's products were distinguished by an interesting design and excellent quality.

The range of bags is represented by a variety of styles, materials and colors. These are small clutches, and classic women's bags. They are made of high-quality leather, many are decorated with gold-tone fittings and have detachable straps, so they are comfortable to wear both on the shoulder and in the hand. You can choose an accessory for both a business image and any style direction.

The brand originates in 1987 in France. And from the first handbags released, fashionistas all over the world have appreciated the elegance, quality and style of unique accessories. Many believe that the Italian designers working on their creation brought the spirit of their country. And it is the combination of several European styles that helps to produce elegant things with a claim to luxury.

David Jones presents new collections twice a year, releasing women's handbags for everyday or evening wear, men's models, backpacks for students, suitcases for travelers. Due to the fact that the production facilities are located in Hong Kong and China, the company has a competent pricing policy, as a result of which any customer can afford the brand's products.

Fabretti is a fairly young company that has become a recognizable brand throughout the world over its 20-year history. Producing premium-class accessories at a reasonable price, fashionistas have fallen in love with it for Italian chic, unsurpassed quality and interesting designs. All of them are made of natural materials, the color schemes of the models range from classic soothing shades to purple, pink, lilac with bright prints and animalistic patterns.

There are three main lines of bags: for everyday bow, evening celebrations and beach outings. Large functional models are quite roomy and allow you to take everything you need with you. Romantic clutches are decorated with lace and rhinestones. Beach bags will become a bright and convenient accessory when walking along the coast.

The Mascotte brand included in the rating was founded in Russia in 2000. An international design team creates unique items that are distinguished by their own recognizable style. Applying the latest technology and taking into account fashion trends, the brand has firmly taken its position in the fashion industry. The production uses natural and artificial leather, which is complemented by various inserts made of fur, textiles, exotic materials, and ornamental embroidery.

The lineup is represented by voluminous bags for every day, elegant clutches, roomy backpacks, suitcases. With factories located in China, Brazil, Spain, Russia, the brand offers mid-range fashion accessories.

The company began its activity in 1992 with wholesale deliveries of shoes from Italy, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Today, almost every Russian buyer knows this brand, thanks to a powerful advertising campaign that promotes it in our country. High quality at an affordable price - this is how you can characterize products that are distinguished by reliability and interesting design solutions.

All bags are made according to Italian sketches from natural or eco leather. The main direction is the classics. But, despite its conservatism, such accessories are suitable for everyday wear, they will be perfectly combined with festive dress or a casual look. A variety of colors and shades will allow you to choose a handbag for any occasion, and any woman of fashion in the country can appreciate its quality, functionality and pleasant cost.

The best fashion and popular brands of women's bags

Women's bags included in the rating of brands are real works of art created by the best designers of the world's fashion houses. They are handcrafted from exotic materials, have unique finishes and are produced in limited quantities. The logo of a famous brand on them speaks of the high status and taste of the owner of an exclusive item.

There is no woman in the world who would not know Chanel and its creator Coco, who managed to turn the concept of "fashion" upside down and create one of the most influential Houses in the fashion industry. The name of the legendary perfume Chanel No. 5 has become a household name and means luxury, impeccable quality and elegant appearance of things produced under the sign of this brand.

The company's designers adhere to the classical style. The main features of the bags are a chain instead of a strap and quilted leather, from which all women's bags are made. To date, it is these brand accessories that are most copied and sold as counterfeit goods that are made in China or Vietnam. Since 1990, the management of the company, in order to avoid fakes, serialize each bag released.

Gucci

The famous brand originates back in 1904 in Florence. And today it is a world famous and influential Fashion House, which has its own unique style and sets new trends in the fashion industry. True connoisseurs choose the brand for its exclusive accessories, which are a symbol of good taste and a person's belonging to the highest circle.

The handbags of the brand are made of natural and durable materials, which allow them to remain in the same original form over time. Carefully thought-out details make each item exclusive and unique. Models with a small print, a 3D logo and a branded green insert with a red stripe in the middle are recognized as iconic. The line includes a variety of types of bags: from small clutches to voluminous suitcases.

Prada

Without a doubt, this brand has entered our rankings due to its influence on the entire global industry. She sets new and fashionable trends that eventually turn into classics. The brand was founded in 1913 in Milan. The first items presented were travel bags and suitcases made from rather exotic walrus skin. For more than a century of history, a unique style has been created that cannot be confused with other well-known brands.

The company's designers develop women's bags based on Italian traditions and combining simplicity, nobility and sophistication. The main material is premium grades of natural leather in a smooth, quilted, perforated form. Many models are made of reptile skin. All bags are limited edition.

One of the oldest fashion houses was founded in 1837 in France. Today, its logo - a horse-drawn carriage - stands for style, luxury and wealth and adorns exclusive products of the highest quality. The brand's bags have long been recognized as the standard of taste and are valued among aristocrats and world stars.

All products are produced in a classic style from natural calfskin of luxury grades with branding and high-quality fittings. The line of models is represented by men's and women's series. The legendary Birkin bag, first released in 1984, gained particular popularity. This is a roomy and comfortable model, which was appreciated by fashionistas all over the world. Bags are produced in limited quantities, purchase in licensed boutiques guarantees the authenticity of each item.

The brand included in the rating successfully combines classic, casual and sporty style. Founded relatively recently, it has gained popularity among fans of practicality and at the same time elegance and impeccable design. The main difference of the brand is that all its collections are designed for any age and will suit both a young fashionista and a lady in years.

The company's designers focus on women's bags, but do not forget about accessories for men. All items, from miniature clutches to sports bags, not only look stylish and luxurious, but are also quite roomy and comfortable. They are made from luxury materials, they can be worn for a long time and even be inherited.

Famous french brand was founded in 1946 in Paris. The first collection made a splash among the female population and dramatically changed the idea of ​​​​fashion. post-war years. Today, Christian Dior is the standard of elegance and prosperity. Noble classics in combination with interesting ideas of designers will never lose their relevance, every girl wants to have handbags of a famous brand in her wardrobe.

All specimens are produced from natural materials of premium grades, reptile skin is very popular in combination with smooth or perforated. Unusual butterflies, chains and other decorations make the goods of this company popular among people of high society. Handbags are ideal for everyday bow, business style or evening look.

Fendi

Like many companies in the ranking, Fendi is a famous vintage brand founded almost a hundred years ago by an Italian family that was engaged in the production of fur and leather goods. Clutches, classic models, travel bags made of colored leather with exclusive decorations are made by hand and are produced in a limited series.

A feature of the brand is the creation of accessories, which later become cult products and recognized fashionistas around the world. This is the legendary small bag Baguette, made of unusual materials in more than 600 versions, and Spy, which captured the minds of fashion connoisseurs on all continents.

Furla

The famous brand was founded in 1927 by the enterprising Italian Aldo Furlanetto, who already then realized that women needed not only fashionable clothes and shoes, but also beautiful accessories. Today, the Furla brand is a style standard, the handbags of which all girls want to get, without exception. Along with sophistication and a unique look, designers do not forget about practicality. Even the smallest women's bags are not only used as a bright accessory, they are also comfortable and roomy.

The line includes products of all colors of the rainbow. But it is still black handbags that remain iconic for women of all ages. The variety of shapes is impressive: trapeziums with an extension up or down, classic suitcases, bag bags, miniature clutches.

Guess

The legendary brand began its triumphal procession in the 70s of the last century. Its founders, the Marciano brothers, owned small shops in France and always dreamed of conquering distant America. Today Guess is one of the most successful and recognizable brands, which is loved by young girls for its striking design and unique fittings. And, although jeans are the hallmark of the brand, accessories have also taken their positions in the global fashion industry.

The model range delights with its diversity: elegant patent leather clutches, trapeziums with chains and straps, sports bags with animal patterns. A wide range of colors and shades allows you to choose fashion accessory under any image and always remain stylish and attractive.

Attention! This rating is subjective, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before buying, you need to consult with a specialist.

Italian bags from famous brands - dream come true any inveterate fashionista. Why exactly bags from Italian manufacturers have been enjoying unchanging success in all corners of the world for a century now?

The answer is simple: the highest quality, unique style, functionality.

Furla

The brand was founded in 1927 by the spouses Aldo and Margherita Furlanetto in Bologna (about the sights of this Italian city -), where until now Furla's headquarters is located.

The first brand store was opened in 1955, but the company did not really become famous until 1977, when the company was headed by children of the Furlanetto couple - Giovanna, Carlo and Paolo.

It was Giovanna who developed the innovative series of CandyBag bags - plastic translucent handbags in juicy and bright tropical shades.

The Furla range is presented not only the famous "Candy bags":

• respectable ladies will like classic bags of black, white, beige, red and caramel-golden shades;
• young enchantresses will fall in love with aristocratic clutches in pastel shades and pale pink miniature handbags, decorated with flowers and fringed tassels;
• Furla does not forget men either, releasing briefcases and other accessories for them, although they are much less popular than women's ones.

The average price of wonderful handbags: around 150-300 euros, branded Candy Bag will cost 350 euros. In Italy itself, Furla is considered a brand, albeit a respected one., but "middle hand".

Prada

The company was founded in 1913 in Milan by Mario Prada. The Prada family has long been involved in the production of luxury suitcases. and bags, but in the 70s the demand for such luxury products fell, which almost led Prada to bankruptcy.

The company was saved by Mario's granddaughter, Miuccia, who instead of bulky suitcases launched the production of stylish and incredibly sophisticated women's handbags.

The peculiarity of accessories from Prada is minimalism, the absence of any “decorations”, a strict laconic design and spectacular “gold-like” fittings.

Price: starting from 150 euros, the average cost is 1100-1200, the price of clutches starts from 700 euros.

A real Prada simply cannot cost less than 150 euros, otherwise it is a fake, albeit of very high quality. Required when buying check for a certificate of authenticity.

Gucci

The brand was founded in Florence (description and photos of the city's sights -) in 1921 by a former doorman of one of prestigious London hotels Guccio Gucci.

Among the admirers of the brand are Audrey Hepburn, Grace Kelly, Jacqueline Kennedy, who proudly flaunted Gucci handbags with bamboo handles, stylish oversized buckles and the iconic 2-G logo.

Gucci's motto is respectability, classic chic, elegance - and no extravagance. Gucci is extremely cautious about new trends, and this approach is fully justified.

Gucci bags are for wealthy and respectable people, for those who who is not chasing ostentatious brilliance, paying tribute to the highest quality and impeccable style.

Interestingly, vintage (that is, released many years ago) Gucci bags are often much more expensive than new models. With a strong desire, they can be purchased at fashion auctions.

Price: starting from 130 euros and up to infinity, a handbag like Mrs. Kennedy's will cost 13.5 thousand dollars.

Marino Orlandi

The company was founded in 1970 in the Italian region of Marca Marino Orlandi and received the name in honor of the owner and founder. Elite bags from Orlandi made of milk calfskin and lined with jacquard have their own unique and recognizable style.

They are voluminous and therefore very comfortable, but at the same time very elegant and feminine, they do not look bulky and do not weigh down the silhouette.

Bags from Orlandi rarely come in the same color - combinations and even complex collages of different colors are most often used, and design decisions can be quite unexpected, even defiant ones.

Often a stylish handbag is decorated with ornaments, floral motifs, complex patterns or relief embossing, as well as branded perky scarlet tassels. Orlandi is a sophisticated and expensive brand for true connoisseurs of design delights. This is the Rolex in the world of bags.

Price: starting from 300 euros and up to infinity.

Armani

The fashion house of Georgio Armani was created in Milan in 1975 by designer Giorgio Armani on shares with the architect Sergio Galiotti (they were connected not only by business interests, but also by tender friendship).

In 1985, Galiotti died of AIDS, and his sister, Rosanna, became Armani's comrade-in-arms.

Armani's main trump card - impeccable style, and it doesn't matter whether it concerns clothes, jewelry, watches or amazing bags made of the softest calfskin:

• Giorgio Armani is an elite line of luxurious and unique snakeskin handbags, created by eminent fashion designer directly works;
• the Emporio Armani line is designed for ladies under the age of 35 and includes messenger bags (with a shoulder strap), stylish evening clutches in soft colors and original bag bags, which are very convenient to walk around boutiques;
• the Armani Jeans series is the most youthful and democratic, including in terms of cost. A branded sports bag, however, made of fabric and not leather, can be purchased for $ 50-60;
• men's luxury bags and portfolios for successful doctors, lawyers and businessmen, as well as suitcases and bags for elegant travelers.

Prices: starting from 50 to 270 euros, but the cost of some masterpieces can reach up to 4 thousand euros.

A good assortment at low prices can also be found in Rimini outlets. Where exactly - find out in.

Gilda Tonelli

Gilda Tonelli is a brand that is more famous abroad than in Italy itself. This is due to the fact that the Italian market is oversaturated with high-end leather products, so the company develops, and with great success, the markets of the USA, Germany, Japan and Russia.

The company was founded in 1979 by the three Tonelli brothers - Francesco, Abramo and Nazarenno. Gilda is their mother's name. Bags from Tonelli are distinguished by their exquisite and unique design, and every lady will be able to pick up something to her taste:

• for lovers of outdoor activities - sports style backpacks;
• elegant, delicately colored clutches and playful red handbags will suit young party goers;
• business ladies will like comfortable, soft and roomy handbags in discreet dark shades.

Average price: 130-170 euros, if the skin has been treated with a laser, the price increases.

Marina Creazioni

Marina Creazioni (or Marina C) - relatively new brand, founded in 1992 by Gianmarco Marzialetti. All bags are made exclusively by hand, suitable for women of all ages and useful for all occasions:

• for evening outings or romantic dates- graceful white, black and beige clutches, decorated with rhinestones;
• for office work or business negotiations - original portfolios;
• for shopping - comfortable roomy shopping bags or charming retro-style handbags.

For the founder of the brand, protecting products from fakes is a matter of honor. The runners, fastenings, lining fabric and decorative rings feature the company's logo.

Handbags from Marina C look very feminine, gentle and romantic, at the same time very comfortable and distinguished by the highest, authentic Italian quality.

In contact with

I often hear from my clients and followers that a bag and shoes cannot be cheap.

Maybe it will look a little strange, especially in an article with that title, but I can't say that I agree with this statement 100%.

So first I'll explain my point of view :-)

I am sure that the cost of clothes and accessories is a secondary matter. The most important thing is not how much things COST, but how much they LOOK like.

If you start discussing the issue in this vein, then you can recall many successful purchases that looked more expensive than they cost, right, girls? :-)

Why is this happening?

A thing LOOKS EXPENSIVE when it:

• made with high quality
• is modern, relevant in terms of cut and style
• suits you
• harmoniously and stylishly combined with other things put on you at the moment

And I am convinced that following this LOGIC, one can also conclude that not every expensive thing looks EXPENSIVE. Every day I see dozens of expensive things that look CHEAP because:

• gone out of fashion
• do not suit their owner
• not combined with the rest of the clothes and accessories in the look

Is it a mandatory rule to buy expensive bags?

My logic is this: the bag should be in your budget, it should be affordable for you.

It's stupid to starve for a handbag. It's easier to find "your girlfriend" in a suitable price segment, live and enjoy.

Although, in my student years, I regularly sacrificed lunch, surviving on inexpensive buns, in order to buy myself something new and trendy. But, having matured, I was convinced that gastritis and excess weight not worth the update :-(

Let's go from one side and consider the issue of expensive bags in the plane of status.

Expensive accessories of well-known brands are designed to silently tell who is who in the modern world. First of all, in the world of business.

The clothes don't say how much they cost. On clothes, the brand of the manufacturer is not signed on the outside. And if it is written, it does not help things look more expensive. Remember Cavalli T-shirts and all the jokes associated with those who proudly wore this inscription on their chests.

Brand names are embossed on accessories in all cases and this is a variant of the norm. So accepted. On watches and bags, we will see the logo or abbreviation of the manufacturer. There are also unspoken markings on the shoes, let us recall at least the red soles of maestro Louboutin.

Anyone who is “in the know” instantly sees “their own” precisely by accessories.

Therefore, if you need to enter a certain company of people, get a position or you have already received it and communicate with high-ranking clients and partners by occupation, you need to be “YOUR OWN”, you need to TRANSMIT success, ambitions, status and achievements not only with your own words. But also silently, through their clothes and accessories.

If men are measured by watches and cars, then girls are measured by jewelry, bags and shoes.

And this is the case when making an expensive purchase, it is very important not to miss the choice! After all, we have already discussed that, despite the high price tag, an EXPENSIVE accessory can look CHEAP if it:

• not in trend
• does not suit the owner
• does not match with other clothes and accessories

Let's be honest - everything flows and everything changes, the trends of the times concern everything, including bags.

Therefore, laying out an amount with many zeros, many of my Clients want to be sure that this purchase will be successful and not a one-time purchase. And the bag will last for many years, remaining relevant and presentable.

The right investment in your wardrobe

Today I want to introduce you to such bags, the acquisition of which can be safely called not a WASTE, but an INVESTMENT.

You know I'm bags-maniac! I collect bags and I know a lot about them. My clients buy new items only after a follow-up call to me, and my subscribers Instagram long ago learned that you can safely buy expensive bags in my footsteps, because I do not miss the choice.

A few years ago, I took part in the all-Russian state project of the Ministry of Finance and wrote several chapters for a book on women's financial health. Of course, I wrote about investing in a wardrobe!

Two of the encyclopedia's many authors spoke at the launch of the book: myself and a financial management specialist.

He talked about how and where to invest money so that it works for you. And then he skeptically invited me to the stage, wondering how such a thing as “investment in a wardrobe” can exist, because this, a priori, is an empty expense on rags that cannot be resold later to earn more than they cost, or at least return the original cost.

Of course, this is partly true. But by investing in a wardrobe, I mean buying things that:

• go to you
• do you like
• fit together
• remain relevant for a long time so that they can be worn for years
• made or sewn qualitatively
• help you make the right impression on others
• increase your self-confidence and self-attractiveness

So you can wisely invest in a wardrobe in ANY PRICE SEGMENT: from mass market to premium.

And the price of a mistake is always expensive within the framework of any budget, because it is always a shame to spend the money earned by your labor unsuccessfully.

Pro important rules and the principles of competent shopping, I tell in an online lesson about cost-effective purchases.

And now I will tell you about my favorite brands and luxury bags :-)

Overview of branded bags

Bags CELINE Trapeze, Phantom, Luggage, Belt, Box, Tie Tote

What is not a bag, then an icon!

This brand has been my favorite for over 10 years and I suspect it will be for life! Second place in my heart is Fendi, but more on that later.

Why Celine? Because it is the right and stylish base. The shape of the bags is clear, graphic, successful colorblock solutions, the absence of details that will go out of fashion or become obsolete.

I know few girls who easily and naturally use in the wardrobe.

And those who use, in most cases, are in the past :-))))

Celine bags will color your wardrobe in an instant, give style and completeness to each look, make a luxurious and status total look from the simplest things as if by magic.

Exquisite combinations of colors and textures, multiplied by the impeccable shape of the bag - the formula for success not only for Celine, but also for your wardrobe!

Bags FENDI PEEKABOO, 2JOURS, 3JOURS

True icons, time-tested!

Please note that not all Peekaboo are equally useful :)

What am I talking about?

There are two motives for buying an expensive bag.

In most cases, it is important for me and my clients that an expensive bag does not go out of fashion after a couple of months.

But there are also a minority of cases where this point is not important. Because the bag is impossibly good, because it is a fashion hit, because I fell in love and “want-can’t”, because I collect and this bag will in any case leave a bright mark in the history of the brand and will be a memory and a rarity in my wardrobe.

Forever and ever, we take the basic Peekaboo.

This year you can indulge in floral options or bags with plastic decor, lacing or leather ruffles.

You can indulge in “budgetary” by attaching a fashionable belt this season to the base Peekaboo, which is purchased separately. Or baby Peekaboo. Or a funny keychain!

Another Fendi bag that can be a solid investment is 2jours and 3jours.

Bags HERMES BIRKIN, KELLY

And here you can wipe your nose to that very expert in financial management. Literally the only bags in the world, the purchase of which has every right to be considered an investment.

Kelly and Birkin are a real DREAM for many girls.

There are a lot of legends created around Hermes bags, they say, and you have to stand in line for it for half your life, sign up for waiting lists, mere mortals can’t stand them in boutiques, and so on.

Blah blah, in a way. Do not hang your ears!

When buying dream bags for my Clients, I explain to them that it is not always possible to start a Hermes shopping story with the purchase of a legendary bag. Purchase history required. You need to become a Client of this house and then communication will go like clockwork. A pair of scarves, flip flops, a belt or bracelet, and the consultants become much more accommodating and now they are already carrying your Kelly or Birkin from behind the scenes. Oh, found it!

And in some countries, love preludes are not needed. In Munich, I bought a Birkin for my client straight from the window. True, in black. In Cannes, my client adopted the sapphire Kelly in one fell swoop.

And another case happened with one of my Clients. She didn’t like the fact that you had to try sooooo hard for the bag, she felt hurt and humiliated, she left Hermes, literally slamming the door, crossed the road and bought herself a couple of colorful Peekaboo and several pairs of Fendi bomb sandals! Almost the price of one Kelly. And she's not wearing Hermes anymore! :)))

Returning to the conversation about investments, I will give a rationale for the profitability of these bags. The price of iconic bags from Hermes is steadily rising. Sometimes they become more expensive several times during the year. And so every year. Luxury should be available to the elite. By the way, guided by the same principle, the Chanel fashion house regularly raises prices for their creations.

So, the price goes up, those who bought Kelly 3 years ago can easily sell it to perfect condition almost at the price of this year's boutique. That is more expensive than bought!

There is a real hunt for these bags, vintage versions are sometimes more expensive than modern ones.

And, of course, the myths and legends around these bags have led to the creation of a kind of black market. Buyers with a history of purchases at Hermes can receive a bag in any color, after which, having received a tax-free, they can sell it with a percentage for their services to a Client who himself could not buy it for various reasons. Profitable business! Therefore, recently the number of bags sold in one hand has become strictly limited. Hermes is struggling with resellers, and also suffers from the sale of fakes.

I can’t include Evelyne among the immortal bags, her form is too lethargic, she is beautiful in jockey style, tolerable in casual and unsuitable in a business wardrobe.

And Birkin and Kelly are appropriate everywhere.

You can’t buy a legend, take a closer look at its budget version - Herbag, I have been looking at it for a long time and it will soon become mine :-) At least when the children get it dirty with felt-tip pens or ice cream, I won’t cry and wash the cover in cold blood :-)

Bags LOUIS VUITTON NEVERFULL, POCHETTE METIS, FAVORITE MM, POCHETTE FÉLICIE

Round and round bags of this brand, such as Speedy and Alma, have sunk into oblivion, because they know how to make "baby style".

By the way, this is also one of the reasons for my dislike for Miss Sicily by Dolce & Gabbana, there is too much “woman” in it, which, if used ineptly, turns into an aunt.

But the Neverfull shopper and crossbody Métis, Felicie and Favorite will be alive and well! And they will live with us happily ever after for many years.

These bags do not change shape, but change colors in accordance with current trends. If you need a bag for many years without the risk of sudden departure from the fashionable clip, choose a checker or one color.

Ready to indulge? We take painted this season!

GUCCI

The style of the fashion house has changed rapidly in the last couple of years. With the arrival of the incredible Alessandro Michele as creative director, decades of dying jockey style from the Geoffrey Bean era and aggressive sexuality cultivated by the restless Tom Ford have been replaced by a new fashion twist inspired by flower children, boho flair and a touring circus.

And all this is as magnificent and impressive as it is fleeting :-)

Again, it's up to you. If this era should leave a mark on your wardrobes, don't be stingy! These bags have already gone down in history and made a splash.

If the investment must be long-term, down with stripes and ribbons, we turn our attention to basic bags.

For example, I did not dare to buy a bag with embroidery, but my hand did not tremble, transferring the money earned by hard work for this baby. We are together forever.

This year she is at the height of fashion, thanks to the colors. And in the next - it will simply remain the perfect basic bag in my wardrobe for many years to come.

Here are a few more bags that can do the same!

CHANEL 2.55 WOC

I get asked all the time why I wasn't seen with Chanel bags?

At some point, when I was close to buying 2.55, Instagram girls all over the world and the entire Moscow metro decided to complement their looks with this particular bag.

Since then, sediment and callused eyes. This is my personal, personal, type of psychological trauma from a stylist :-))))

But if you want a quilted beauty, don't stop yourself! It seems to me that I will definitely buy woc. Just a little later.

Of course, these bags do not have an expiration date.

And which Chanel bags have it? These ones. With a clear imprint of current trends in bag design.

VALENTINO ROCKSTUD

Do you know how I am writing this article now? Flying on a plane and writing! All my best articles were written in the air, all my best decisions were made at an altitude of 10,000m :-)

By the way, about good decisions! If you remember what maestro Valentino was famous for, then you realize how much the style of the fashion house has changed over the past few years.

Ruffles, frills, sugary femininity - all this put Valentino on the verge of bankruptcy. They have become unfashionable! They were unable to attract a young clientele, they became uninteresting to millennials.

Fortunately, ruffles have been replaced with spikes, and feminine dresses have been replaced with romance and boho. And the House began to breathe again.

The salvation of the drowning is the work of the drowning themselves. After the rescue, they had one more client, and Valentino bags appeared in my wardrobe.

I passed by boho.

But I decided to invest in Rockstud, these bags are almost a modern base.

CHLOE DREW

I can talk about bags endlessly, but the article turns out to be just huge, so I’ll tell you about one more brand and that’s it, I’ll finish giving professional secrets :)

One of the most feminine and romantic brands gave us an iconic Drew bag.

To be honest, Chloe bags have never taken the lead in the fashion arena before. Neither Marcie nor Mily fell in love with girls like little Drew.

In the simplest version, without tassels and studs, the bag can be worn not only with boho style clothes, but also as a basic one.

This season, Chloe broke the hearts of fashionistas around the world, giving us Nile and Faye!

Yes, it's fashion. Yes, it may not be for long. But these bags are simply bound to be in the wardrobes of real fashionistas and collectors of luxury bags.

In my shopping list, opposite this column, there is already a check mark "done" :)

Well, my dear maniac bags, wrapped around your mustache? Have you made a shopping list?

If you want to learn how to INVEST in a wardrobe, and not SPEND money on clothes that then lie in a heap in the closet, be sure to come to the ONLINE SCHOOL for the Basic Course, and at the same time watch the lesson about handbags, because in it I will teach you how to choose the perfect bags, which will serve you faithfully for years :-) A real revolution will happen in your head :) And not only in your head, but also in your wardrobe!

And remember, girls, that in the online school you learn to choose and stylishly combine things PERSONALLY SUITABLE FOR YOU. HOW MUCH they will cost and where you will buy them - you decide. After all, everyone's budget is different.

Most importantly, after training, you will SEE these things in the stores of your choice and create your perfect wardrobe!

I wish you only happy shopping :)