Development of fine motor skills using kinetic sand. Magic sand and fine motor skills of hands. We also note a few important rules for drawing with sand.

03.10.2020 Mammalogy

Gushchina Elena
Sand therapy. Kinetic sand as a means of developing fine motor skills of hands

You can develop fine motor skills in different ways, these can be: finger games and gymnastics; exercises with cereals, legumes, seeds, games with buttons.

But we will focus on a newer and more interesting method for children as “sand therapy”.

Playing with sand is an affordable way, prompted by nature itself, to develop the creativity of every child. Experiment and independent thinking, the development of fine motor skills, therefore, speech and all cognitive functions - all this gives a game with sand.

Kinetic sand is a modeling material that allows your child to create amazing crafts: castles, fortresses, culinary masterpieces and others. The main component of the material is natural sand, additional elements are safe polymers that give plasticity to the sand.

At first glance, it resembles wet sea sand, but as soon as you pick it up, its unusual properties. It flows through the fingers and at the same time stays dry. It is loose, but you can build a variety of shapes from it. It is pleasant to the touch, leaves no marks on the hands.

Tasks:[ /i]

Development of the child's tactile sense and fine motor skills of the hands;

The development of tactile sensations when working with both hands, which has a beneficial effect on the child's speech.

Formation of non-standard creative thinking;

Strengthening the ability to focus and concentrate;

The main characteristics of the material:

The silicone content of the sand does not dry out over time, so it stays “wet to the touch” at all times.

Does not stick to dry hands, while grains of sand stick together tightly;

Possesses high plasticity: easily acquires the desired shape

Has no smell;

It is colorless and colored.

Non-toxic, non-allergic, bacteria do not live in it, so it is safe for children.

It is not afraid of water and, in case of wetting, retains its properties after drying.

Does not require special storage conditions.

Benefits of kinetic sand for children:

Sand play helps develop fine motor skills. Kinetic sand is the best solution. When modeling with sand, each finger of the child is actively involved in the process. This allows you to develop speech, activate Creative skills baby.

In the process of playing with kinetic sand, which has a peculiar texture, children develop tactile sensitivity;

Sand manipulation has a beneficial effect on emotional condition the child, help to liberate and accustom to concentration of attention.

Playing with kinetic sand, even alone, is very useful and exciting, and in a company it contributes to the development of elementary communication skills.

Sand play promotes development creative imagination. This expands the boundaries of children's possibilities and inspires the child for knowledge and creativity.

used toys ki:

Figures of people, animals, birds, insects, spiders, etc.

Small toys from kinder - surprises;

Pebbles, planks, cones, shells, acorns, any natural material;

Various molds;

Toy tableware;

Tools: knives, stacks, wooden sticks, plastic straws.

Games with kinetic sand ohm:

"Introduction to the Material" At the very beginning, as a rule, children crumple the sand, leave handprints, pass through their fingers. Here you need to talk with children about the properties of kinetic sand: what it is and how it differs from ordinary sand.

"Sensory Box" For the development of imagination and fine motor skills. From kinetic sand, you can build a house with a yard and pets, plant a vegetable garden, create a whole city - that's where the space for a child's imagination can fly!

"Treasure Search". A game of mindfulness and imagination. Ask the baby to turn away, at this time to bury “treasures” in the sand: colored beads, bright buttons, small toys. Let the child look for them. Small plastic letters and numbers will help to make the game more educational: the child will not only find them, but also name them.

Sand Labyrinths. The plasticity of kinetic sand allows you to quickly create a variety of labyrinths. Moreover, it will be interesting for the child not only to walk on them, but also to create on their own, and at the same time develop logical thinking.

"Sand Cities". In addition to buildings, roads and fences, such a city can be populated with people, animals and thus get an excellent story game.

"Figures". Sculpt various figures and call them. You can do this: the teacher sculpts a circle, and after him the baby sculpts a circle and names it. We repeat the same with other geometric shapes. We have senior group, for our game we made cards with tasks. Where you need to lay out a geometric figure in a certain order (for example, by color, or shape).

You can play in the sand story games. Put up houses, populate them with various figures of animals and people.

The development of fine motor skills contributes to speech development and allows children to master the skills of writing, drawing, manual labor which in the future will help to avoid many problems of schooling, it is better to adapt in practical life.

Not for nothing that V. A. Sukhomlinsky said: “The mind of a child is at the tips of his fingers.” Therefore, if we want our children to be smart and capable, then it is necessary to develop fine motor skills!

Kinetic sand, or kinetic sand, is a unique product from Sweden designed for children's games and creativity. Coming into contact with this wonderful invention, a person gets unforgettable kinetic sensations. Kinetic sand is regularly used in psychotherapy, art therapy as a sedative. However, parents of toddlers are worried about the age at which kinetic sand can be offered to children so that the game is absolutely safe. We will tell you about these and other subtleties.

What it is?

Before you understand at what age kinetic sand can be given into the hands of children, you should realize what this product is. Kinetic sand is a special kind of sand created by Swedish manufacturers and designed for children's creativity. This implies that the product has passed a series of tests for safety and hypoallergenicity. In Sweden, they are attentive to the quality of children's toys, so you don't have to worry about the naturalness of a certified product.

Sand is silicon dioxide, or ordinary quartz sand, which is found in the composition of the toy in an amount of 98%. The remaining 2% is polydimethylsiloxane, which is known to many adults under the pharmacy name "Enterosgel". Thus, kinetic sand for modeling can even be called edible. Of course, this does not mean that children can be allowed to take it in their mouths, just as ordinary sand cannot be tasted. But if the baby takes a little of this substance into his mouth without your supervision, nothing bad will happen to him.

If you are seriously concerned about the age at which kinetic sand can be offered to a child, remember that Kinetic sand does not contain bacteria (they simply do not live in it) and does not cause allergies. Therefore, the decision, at what age to offer kinetic sand to the crumbs, is limited only by the fears of parents that the child can take the toy into his mouth. In this regard, the manufacturers noted in the instructions at what age to give the kinetic sand to the hands of the baby. The optimal age for this is from 3 years.

Kinetic sand for modeling comes in several shades. You can purchase a toy in the traditional sand color, red or blue. Many parents are afraid that the composition may contain dyes that are aggressive for the baby's skin, but this is not so. Painting is completely natural, so it does not cause negative reactions.

How to play?

What does the toy develop and what can be made from kinetic sand? Everything is the same as in a regular sandbox. And even more:

geometric figures;
contours of animals and fairy-tale characters;
balloons;
cakes;
vegetables and fruits;
cities, castles, roads.

And many more. The properties of the product allow you to sculpt both with the help of molds and with your own hands:

fluid;
well molded and cut;
does not stick;
does not crumble;
cleans up well on smooth surfaces.
does not crumble;
it is not necessary to add water to it, as in ordinary sand;
has a pleasant smell.

Many of these properties help to distinguish a genuine Swedish product from a fake. For example, Chinese toys have a pronounced chemical smell, so they are cheaper, but also dangerous. A fake does not hold its shape well, forms lumps and after a while it turns into a dirty sticky mass. This does not happen with a real kineticist. It is easily removed from the table: it is enough to roll a lump of sand on the table so that the crumbs gather into a total mass. If you still have a bad idea of what kinetic sand is, at what age you can play it, watch the video and photos on this topic.

To play, you may need accessories that can be ordered at any thematic online store:

molds;
plastic sandboxes;
sand extrusion cylinders.

Kinetic sand has a beneficial effect on kids and adults:

calms the nervous system;
strengthens muscle tone (suitable for classes with children with disabilities in physical and mental development);
improves coordination;
relieves negativity and stress.

Sand also contributes to the development of skills in the child, which will help in the future to succeed:

Attention. Working with sand figures, the kid learns to switch attention, to choose between the main and secondary actions.
Observation. This quality will help the child to better adapt to life in the world around him, to prove himself in school and professional activity. Skill development occurs by observing the properties of the material.
Fantasy. Sand allows you to create various figures, and the child will invent them himself. Perhaps your baby will show artistic, artistic, musical ability?
Memory. This is an important skill that is the result of well-developed fine motor skills. It is sand that will help you develop this skill in your child.
Thinking. Inventing, experimenting, your baby learns to reason, to think. Without this skill, he will have a hard time in life.

As you can see, kinetic sand, no matter what age a child starts to master it, will have a positive effect on personality development.

Where to order?

Any children's online store today is ready to offer kinetic sand. When choosing a supplier, it is important not to encounter a fake. It is best to place an order on the website of the direct manufacturer in Sweden. So you are guaranteed to get a quality toy.

When deciding where to buy kinetic sand, pay attention to what the price of the product is in different stores. The underestimated cost suggests that they are trying to sell you a fake that will not last long and will not have the best properties. So if you are thinking about what age to give kinetic sand to a child, and if your baby is still small enough, take care of the high quality of the purchased product.

Buyer opinions

Kinetic sand received reviews not just positive, but enthusiastic. Even dads and moms enjoyed joining the game, sculpting figures and castles. Adults claim that sand helps them relieve tension after a hard day's work.

Most of the questions on the network arise about the age at which kinetic sand should be offered to the baby. There is no clear direction. If at the age of two the baby knows what sand is, knows how to handle it and does not put it in his mouth, you can safely organize a home sandbox for him. If the baby still strives to taste everything, it is worth waiting or playing with sand only in the presence of adults.

Negative reviews about the toy are mainly associated with attempts to purchase a cheaper option. As a result, buyers were faced with fakes that had a pronounced chemical smell, had a negative effect on the skin, and quickly deteriorated. On the other hand, many parents complain that sand is too expensive. For a full-fledged game, you need at least 2-3 kg of sand, which will cost about 2 thousand rubles, and half a kilogram will not be able to deliver creative pleasure to the baby.

So, kinetic sand can be a wonderful gift for a child. You should not buy too much at once: the child may not like the toy or get bored. But if the baby is carried away by creativity, later sand can be bought. It is not at all difficult to do this.

In this article:

Sand is a wonderful natural material that can take shape. various items, it has flowability and passes water well.

Children touch it with their hands, build castles, dig tunnels or sculpt "Kulichki". They are addicted to the game, thereby unconsciously taking part in sand therapy. Every kid loves to mess with the sand. This simple activity can affect the psychological state of the child, help him with self-development.

Sand therapy is effective method helping a preschool child to grow up a healthy, harmonious and developed personality.

History of Sand Therapy

Philosopher Carl Gustav Jung at the very beginning of the twentieth century first noticed the effective impact of playing with sand on children with mental disabilities. He began to develop this technique and apply it to the therapy of his little patients. This method has spread widely around the world and has become known as Jungian.

Sand and its impact on the child

Sand therapy helps the child to be himself. A preschooler does not know how to express in words what he feels and what emotions he experiences.

Playing with sand helps children create different stories in the 3D world by transforming them into sand figures Or drawings in the sand. The child unconsciously transfers his fears, experiences or psychological trauma to the images.

Such a game is important for children, thanks to it they communicate. The toys that are used in it are the means. They help them express themselves.

Important! The child should not be dictated to the rules when he plays in the sandbox. Parents or a psychologist need to take the role of "observer".

In playing with sand, the child shows various emotions:

destroys the figures that he built - thereby splashing out anger and irritation;
buries a toy - thus "buries" his fear or negative emotions.

With the help of sand therapy, a specialist can:

To identify psychological deviations in children.
Develop children with mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
Help the child to socialize, learn to communicate with peers.
Develop various skills.

Therapy also has a preventive effect. Negative emotions in children can accumulate, in gaming activity they splash out.

How does sand therapy work?

The main effect of sand therapy is that it helps to fight psychological traumas by transferring them to the sand. Feelings of control and interconnection over their inner feelings and desires begin to form. A child, playing in the sand, expresses all his feelings and fears, is freed from traumas that do not develop into psychological traumas.

Sand Therapy in Child Development

Thanks to sand therapy, the following skills can be developed in a child:

Motor. The child learns to pour sand into a bucket, jar or bottle with a narrow neck.
Descriptive. Preschoolers draw animals, plants, equipment, etc. on the sand.
Develop speech functions and phonemic hearing. Children draw letters in the sand, which helps teach them how to pronounce and automate the sound.
The development of mental abilities, memory and attention.
The development of fine motor skills of the hands. Each finger participates in the game, which will favorably affect the overall development of the child.
To correct breathing. Sand acts as a medium for breathing exercises.

Playing in the sandbox helps the child to perform actions with sand: dry and wet. He learns its properties and learns to establish a causal relationship. In the process, creative abilities also develop - the child comes up with new images and makes them out of sand.

Benefits of Sand Therapy for Children

The advantages of playing with sand are undeniable:

Developing fine motor skills in preschool children.
Extensive scope for imagination and mental activity.
The thinking mechanism is regulated.

On the speech therapy classes doing sand exercises helps:

express your thoughts logically;
the formation of dialogical speech of preschoolers;
be responsible for your actions in the game;
rely only on their own strength;
erase psychological trauma and problems from the head.

Actions of the teacher in the organization of sand therapy

When organizing sand therapy, the teacher must:

prepare a place for sand therapy. It should be a quiet corner, where there will be no noise and fuss;
purchase a box that needs to be painted blue or light blue. This coloring acts favorably and calms the psyche. Pure white sand is poured into it;
next to the box put a box with toys. They should be small so that the child can create a model of the game. The kit must include figures of people and animals;

Note! During sand therapy, the child chooses exactly those figures that symbolize his inner state at the moment.

create comfortable conditions for gaming activities;
support the game of children, help them survive various situations;
evaluate the behavior of children during the game and draw conclusions.

To practice sand animation you need:

Buy a table with a glass top, make a backlight from below. Install low sides along the edge of the table.
Pour clean river sand onto the surface, in such quantity that you can draw drawings on it.

In therapy sessions, there should be a calm environment conducive to therapy. You can turn on calm music. The teacher observes the course of the game, if necessary, tells the child the script.

Sand therapy for preschool children

For toddlers, this therapy is a fun way to touch soft-touch material. It helps children develop mentally and physically, giving them the opportunity to prepare for school.

For kids, playing in the sand helps:

learn numbers and letters;
distinguish between left and right;
correctly navigate the seasons;
train memory, vision and hearing;
develop fantasy.

It is better to start such therapy from the age of 3, but it is possible even earlier, when the child stops putting everything in his mouth.

Features of sand therapy for children

Sand therapy is also suitable for adults, but the use of sand therapy has its own characteristics in games:

The parent or the teacher deals with the psychological problem of the child.
It is important to set boundaries with children.
A more natural game that is unusual for adults.
Children are engaged in more dynamic and active games.
The main stages of the game: chaos, struggle, outcome.
The complete absence of abstract paintings.
The preferred predominance of fairy tale characters, animals, cartoon characters in the game.

Indications for therapy

Sand training is indicated at any age, especially for children with psychological trauma and developmental delay. A kid who has difficulty expressing his feelings and experiences, such activities will only benefit. In addition, therapy helps preschoolers develop intelligence and prepare for school.

Contraindications

The main contraindication to sand therapy is the child's lack of trust in his teacher. As well as increased anxiety, excitability and resistance to sand games.

Sometimes a contraindication is an allergy to materials in a child.

Class equipment

For sand therapy you need:

Wooden box with a waterproof bottom, size 50x70cm.
Clean sand of medium size, it is best to moisten it slightly.
Colored sand is suitable for preschoolers.
Colored sea salt for enhanced development of fine motor skills of babies.
Miniature figurines of animals, cartoon characters, flowers, houses, transport, fairy-tale characters.

Game techniques

Basic game methods:

“Guess” - bury the figurine in the sand and ask the kid to guess who exactly was hidden in the sand. To make things easier, ask leading questions.
"Fun" - come up with interesting story for the characters and lay out the main suggestive words on the sand with figures, after which the child turns away, and the adult scatters the figures on the sand. The kid must find the lost words.
"The Lost City" - let the rental company build the city of their dreams and invent a story for its inhabitants.

What is needed for sand therapy at home?

For homework you will need:

clean sand;
rectangular box;
miniature figurines.

Pour sand into the box by two thirds, it is also necessary to have water to wet the sand.

Games for the development of auditory attention and memory

In this type of therapy, there are many games aimed at developing memory, hearing and speech. Let's consider the main ones:

"Tic-tac-toe" - this is how the baby trains memory and develops intelligence.
"Animals" - put the animals in a row and ask the child to name them and write each letter in the sand.
"Geography" - you need to buy a world map and resolve it into 6 parts, then let the child fold it like a puzzle. At the same time, he can pronounce the names of continents and oceans. After building a city on the sand with rivers, mountains and houses to develop spatial thinking and memory.

Projective sand games, exercises for emotional release and aggression removal

Consider some games for anxiety relief and personality development:

"Handprints" - this is how the child learns to evaluate his feelings. The kid should describe what he feels and express his emotions.
"Rain" - in this game, the baby relieves stress well. The child pours sand from one hand to the back of the other hand.
"Patterns" - the child must draw various images on the sand and tell how he feels at the same time. This activity is the perfect stress reliever.
"Hide and seek" - relieve stress and allows you to find out psychological problems child. Children are given a choice of toys that he hides, then dig out and talk about his emotions.

The role of sand therapy for children with disabilities

For healthy kids, such games are simply useful and entertaining. The situation is different for children with developmental disabilities. Sand exercises are used as a behavioral correction, stress relief and sensory development.

Sandbox games are spectacular for kids with:

Such children in the sandbox form their own character of the game, the characters communicate with each other, carry on a conversation. So Toddlers with developmental disabilities form their own character.

For kids with speech delay, the sand literacy game is suitable. It improves the correct perception of words, forms the correct pronunciation, develops reading and writing.

Children with intellectual upholding should play with sand for about an hour.

Such therapy treats neurological problems and is an active prevention of developmental disorders. Frequent play in the sandbox charges the child with positive emotions and frees him from the negative manifestations of the outside world.

Stages of sand therapy

There are three main stages of playing with sand:

"Chaos" - there are no differences between the figures, that is, it is not clear who they are: animals, heroes, plants, fairy-tale characters. This says that the baby is anxious and restless.
"Fight" - the child clearly divides toys into good and bad, and there are much more evil ones. This period is called the inner struggle of the baby, in which case you should add good characters to his game plot.
“Exodus” is the stage that means complete peace and harmony of the child.

Sand therapy fully develops the child, eliminates neurological problems. It is also just a pleasant and useful pastime with your own child.

Types of sand games

There are 2 main types of sand games:

Sand painting. This type of therapy helps the child to relax. He fantasizes, drawing various images: people, animals or nature. Sand can be leveled with both palms and fingers, painted with a fist or wrist. You can make holes, rake it or sift it between your fingers. Sand animation helps to develop creativity, thinking and imagination. Especially this type of sand therapy is suitable for excitable and hyperactive children.
Sandbox game. The child plays in an impromptu sandbox - a box of sand. He uses figurines of people, buildings, vehicles, fruits, vegetables and other objects. The preschooler independently invents a story and plays it, expressing hidden emotions. When organizing therapy by a psychologist, he himself suggests a plot so that the child experiences a specific feeling. For the development of speech, a speech therapist conducts the necessary classes in a playful way.

Sandplay therapy includes a variety of story games that help children develop.

Methods of sand therapy in the development of speech

Children of preschool age often develop speech disorders. Sand therapy is an effective tool for the development of children's speech. This method is new and is gaining more and more popularity.

A speech therapist in classes with children uses sand games:

"Sounds in the Sand"

The teacher draws an animal or object on the sand and asks the child for its name. Then he asks to draw other objects whose names begin with the first sound of the word. Thanks to this game, the speech therapist helps the child to automate a particular sound.

"Remove the excess"

The teacher draws 3 objects, one of them does not fit the logical chain. For example, circle, square and apple. The child must erase the excess and add the desired pattern. Sand play promotes speech development.

"Turn the Letter"

The teacher draws a letter, the child must turn it into another.

"Draw a letter, a word"

The preschooler draws with his finger the letters or words that the teacher pronounces. In the game, you can use sticks or ropes with knots to write.

Important! The speech therapist will pick up sand therapy individually for each child, which is necessary for him to set the sound and automate it.

Sand games for breathing correction

In speech therapy, sand therapy is used to develop diaphragmatic breathing. Before the start of the games, the teacher teaches children to breathe correctly. They should inhale air through the nose, while trying not to raise their shoulders, and inflate their stomach with a “balloon”. Inhalation and exhalation are slow and smooth.

The following games are used to correct breathing:

"Smooth road"

A speech therapist uses a typewriter to walk a path in the sand. The child should level it with a stream of air.

"Picture Under the Sand"

You need to put a color picture on the table, pour sand on top. The child must blow it off the image.

"Road to the Animal"

Two figures of animals are placed on the sand at a distance from each other. A preschooler must, with the help of a long stream of air, form a path from one animal to another.

"Treasure"

A small object is buried in the sand. It is necessary to blow off the air in order to "dig" the treasure.

"Boiling water"

Dig a hole and fill it with water. You have to blow hard on the water to make it bubble.

Therapeutic sand play for the development of fine motor skills

The development of fine motor skills is inextricably linked with the development of speech, memory and thinking of the child. For this there are many different toys, board games, creative kits and various other methods. Sand therapy helps to develop motor skills in children of different ages.

To develop motor skills, the teacher conducts the following games:

"Paint a Picture"

A child draws a picture on a backlit glass table with his fingers, if necessary he helps himself with his wrist or fist.

"Sensitive Hands"

The teacher and the child put their hands on the sand. The senior participant tells how it feels. Then he asks the child what he is experiencing. Such a game can be played often, children in the process not only develop fine motor skills, but learn to understand their feelings.

Note! Sand therapy helps to simultaneously develop various skills: hand motility, breathing, speech.

"Sea World"

The child plays with sand in a box, creates a "sea world". The teacher gives toys on the marine theme, as well as pebbles, shells, beads. With their help, the child lays out fish, boats and comes up with stories.

Stages of organizing sand therapy in kindergarten

Sand therapy is organized by teachers in kindergartens, psychologists and speech therapists. They use sand games for activities with children. At home, parents can organize a place where the child can play in the sandbox for their own benefit.

The main stages of the organization of therapy include:

Preparing a child for sand therapy. He must have a desire to participate in the game.
The teacher must be able to conduct sand therapy, have a creative approach and potential.
Children must be healthy at the time of the game. They should not have an allergic reaction to the sand.
Play area preparation: sand box, animation table and toys.
Conducting the game.

There are a lot of options for sand games. A competent specialist will select the necessary methods that are necessary for the development of a particular child.

Sand can fascinate with its amazing possibilities. Pay attention to how many different fantasies can be embodied in a sand drawing. It is safe to say that not only children, but also adults can spend time with sand with pleasure.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Ministry of Education and Science of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

KGBOU SPO "Achinsk Pedagogical College"

Course work

TOPIC: "The development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age using a table-tablet for sand drawing"

Completed by: student (ka) gr. 4D2

Specialty

Preschool education

Fedortsova Anastasia Ivanovna

Head: Pankova O.A.

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1

1. Physiological features development of motor skills in children of primary preschool age

Opportunities and significance of the development of fine motor skills in children of primary school age

CHAPTER 2

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age

CONCLUSION

LITERATURE

APPS

INTRODUCTION

At all stages of a child's life, hand movements play a crucial role. The most favorable period for the development of the intellectual and creative abilities of a person is from 3 to 9 years, when the cerebral cortex has not yet been fully formed. It is at this age that it is necessary to develop memory, perception, thinking, attention. All confirm the fact that the training of fine finger movements is stimulating for the overall development of the child and for the development of speech.

Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory, attention, coherent speech.

Understanding by teachers and parents of the significance and essence of modern diagnostics of carpal motility and pedagogical correction will preserve not only physical and mental health child, but also protect him from additional learning difficulties, help formulate writing skills.

The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the indicators of intellectual readiness for school, and it is in this area that preschoolers experience serious difficulties. Therefore, work on the development of fine motor skills must begin long before entering school, namely from a very early age.

Sand for children remains the most attractive material. Sand painting - a new and at the same time simple look visual activity preschoolers, accessible to almost everyone and does not require special training. And for the teacher, this is another way to understand the feelings of the child.

Relevance - the development of children from preschool age becomes a full-fledged problem. An important role in the success of the intellectual and psychophysical development of the child is played by the formed fine motor skills. It is with the help of tactile-motor perception that the first impressions about the shape, size of objects, their location in space are formed. To teach a baby to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulation apparatus, but also to develop fine motor skills of the hands.

The object of the study is the process of development of fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age.

The subject of the study is a table - a tablet for drawing with sand as a means of developing fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

analyze theoretical basis development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age;

select a diagnosis to detect the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age;

Hypothesis: we assume that the use of a table - a tablet for drawing with sand will contribute to a more effective development of fine motor skills of the hands.

Structure term paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendices.

CHAPTER 1

Physiological features of the development of motor skills in children of primary preschool age

Fine motor skills are the ability of a child to perform a sequence of small and precise movements with the hands, as well as fingers and toes using the coordinated actions of muscle, bone and nervous systems organism.

The area of fine motor skills includes a wide variety of movements: from primitive gestures, such as grasping objects, to very small movements, on which, for example, human handwriting depends.

The movements of the human hand, as I. N. Sechenov wrote, are not hereditarily predetermined and are formed in the process of education and training, as a result of associative connections that arise during the work of the visual, auditory and motor speech analyzers.

The great Soviet innovator teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote that “the origins of the abilities and talents of children are at their fingertips. The more confidence in the movements of a child's hand, the more subtle the interaction of the hand with the tool, the more complex the movements, the brighter the creative element of the child's mind. And the more skill in the child's hand, the smarter the child ... "

According to studies conducted by L. V. Antakova-Fomina, M. M. Koltsova, B. I. Pinsky, the connection between intellectual development and motor skills of the fingers was confirmed. The level of development of children's speech is also directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine hand movements.

In the human brain, the centers responsible for speech and finger movements are located nearby. And the magnitude of the projection of the hand, located in the cerebral cortex, occupies about a third of the entire motor projection. It is these two scientifically confirmed facts that allow us to consider the hand as a “speech organ” along with the articulatory apparatus. In this regard, it is believed that subtle finger movements significantly affect the formation and development of the child's speech function. Therefore, in order to teach a child to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulation apparatus, but also to develop fine motor skills.

Fine motor skills of the hands interact and affect the development of attention, thinking, optical-spatial perception (coordination), imagination, observation, visual and motor memory.

The development of fine motor skills is also important because the entire future life of the child will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw, write, and also perform a variety of household, educational and labor activities.

In the process of activity, the muscles of the hands perform three main functions:

Organs of movement

organs of knowledge;

Energy accumulators (both for the muscles themselves and for other organs).

If a child touches an object, then the muscles and skin of the hands at that time “teach” the eyes and brain to see, touch, distinguish, remember.

How does the hand study objects?

Touch allows you to verify the presence of an object, its temperature. humidity, etc.

Tapping provides information about the properties of materials.

Picking up helps to discover many properties of objects: weight, surface features, shapes, etc.

Pressing makes it possible to determine the softness or hardness, elasticity, what material it is made of.

Feeling (grasping, rubbing, stroking, circular and crumpling movements) of small and loose objects teaches the child to feel the touch of a palm or fingers. With thumb, forefinger, middle fingers, children feel the details of the mosaic, buttons, nuts, coins; large objects are grasped with all five fingers.

In general, different fingers perform different functions. The thumb performs the function of a support and a moving reference point. The main share of groping movements falls on the index and middle fingers. Thanks to their movements, a consistent development of the contour of the object and its elements is carried out.

The ring finger and the little finger are involved in the process of feeling episodically, only from time to time touching the object. Their main function is to balance the entire moving system.

The palm in the process of feeling flat objects, as a rule, does not participate. But when feeling voluminous objects, it plays a rather active role in reflecting the curvature of their surface and volume.

Thus, the hand cognizes, and the brain captures sensation and perception, combining them with visual, auditory and olfactory into complex integrated images and representations.

Opportunities and significance of the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age

The function of the human hand is unique and universal. The more skill in the child's hand, the smarter the child. It is the hands that teach the child accuracy, accuracy, clarity of thinking. Hand movements excite the brain, causing it to develop.

According to M.M. Koltsov, the level of speech development is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine finger movements: if the development of finger movements corresponds to the age of the child, then speech development it will be within the normal range; if the development of finger movements lags behind, the development of speech is also delayed. MM. Koltsova notes that there is every reason to consider the hand as a "speech organ" - the same as the articulatory apparatus. From this point of view, the motor projection area of the hand can be considered another speech area of the brain.

According to researchers, the development verbal speech the child begins when the movements of the fingers reach sufficient subtlety. The development of finger motor skills, as it were, prepares the ground for the subsequent formation of speech.

It turns out that the majority of modern children have a general motor lag, especially in urban children. Remember, now even kindergartens are asked to bring Velcro shoes so that educators do not take the trouble to teach a child to tie shoelaces. Even 20 years ago, parents, and with them children, had to do more with their hands: sort out cereals, wash clothes, knit, embroider. Now there is a car for every lesson.

The consequence of poor development of general motor skills, and in particular - hands, the general unpreparedness of most modern children for writing or problems with speech development. With a high degree of probability, we can conclude that if everything is not all right with speech, these are probably problems with motor skills.

Work on the development of fine motor skills of the hands and fingers has a beneficial effect not only on the formation of speech and its functions, but also on the mental development of the child. In Japan, for example, targeted training of hands in children is carried out in kindergartens from the age of two (according to experts, this stimulates the mental development of the child), and in Japanese families, children develop fingers from the age of one.

In the process of games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, children develop memory, attention, auditory and visual perception, perseverance is brought up, playing and educational and practical activities are formed. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills have a stimulating effect on the development of speech. They are a powerful means of maintaining the tone and performance of the cerebral cortex, a means of its interaction with the underlying structures.

You need to start working on the development of fine motor skills from an early age. Already an infant, you can massage your fingers (finger gymnastics), thereby affecting the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and younger preschool age you need to perform simple exercises accompanied by a poetic text, do not forget about the development of elementary self-service skills: fasten and unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.

Children love to wave their hands, clap their hands, play "Magpie-white-sided", show "horned goat". All these games are very useful as they train the hand. Also in early childhood, games with cubes, pyramids, nesting dolls are useful. Later - from different kind designers, for example, Lego, when a child has to assemble and disassemble small parts, put together a whole from separate parts, and for this it is very important that the fingers obey and work well, thereby stimulating the baby’s speech development.

Fine motor skills are developed by:

various games with fingers, where it is necessary to perform certain movements in a certain sequence;

games with small objects that are inconvenient to take in a pen (only under the supervision of adults);

games where you need to take something or pull it out, squeeze - unclench, pour - pour,

pour - pour, push through holes, etc .;

Drawing with a pencil (felt-tip pen, brush, etc.);

fastening and unfastening zippers, buttons, dressing and undressing, etc.

Fine motor skills of the hands are also developed by physical exercises. These are various hangings and climbing (on a sports complex, along a ladder, etc.). Such exercises strengthen the palms and fingers of the baby, develop muscles. A kid who is allowed to climb and hang better masters exercises aimed directly at fine motor skills.

Visual activity is one of the few types of artistic creativity that provides the child with the opportunity to create on his own, and not just learn and perform poems, songs or dances created by someone. Many different techniques are known non-traditional drawing- blotting, monotype, drawing cotton buds, crumpled paper, stencil printing, etc. Of particular interest to children and adults is such a technique as sand painting. And this is no coincidence. The malleability of the sand and its natural magic are mesmerizing. From early childhood, playing in the sandbox or on the river bank, children involuntarily try to draw with their hands or palms.

This type of drawing is one of the most unusual ways of creative activity, because children create unique masterpieces on the sand with their own hands. Surprisingly, a handful of sand turns into a landscape, starry sky, forest or sea. This unusual form of art is called Sand art, i.e. "the art of sand." Sand - the same paint, only works on the principle of "light and shadow", perfectly conveys human feelings, thoughts and aspirations. Sand painting is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, since it is closely related to independent and creative activity. This is one of the ways to depict the surrounding world.

Few people know about the benefits of drawing in the sand. Sand Art originated in ancient times. As a medical program, sand painting began to be used only in the 20th century. Scientists have proven that it is sand that has the most beneficial effect on nerve endings, and the art of drawing on sand develops human motor skills. Sand painting like nothing else helps to develop imagination and talent, and in general sand painting is the best way to relieve stress, fatigue, relax the brain, eyes and body. Drawing in the sand is of great importance for the development of children.

CHAPTER 2

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age

To identify the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age, we analyzed various methods and settled on the methods of N.O. Ozeretsky, N.I. Gurevich, L.A. Wenger.

Purpose: to identify the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age.

We carried out diagnostics in the village of Krasnaya Sopka, on the basis of the pre-school educational institution "Alenka" in the afternoon. Diagnostics is an individual task (Appendix 1).

Diagnostics consisted of the following tasks:

. "Put the coins in the box"

. "Draw circles with your fingers"

. "Let's say hello"

An adult invites the child to stretch out: a) the left hand for greeting - “let's say hello” 6) first the right hand, then the left; c) both hands. Evaluation-conclusion. High level - the child coped with the task. Medium level - weakness of the handshake is noted. Extra movements indicate a low level of correction of voluntary actions: the child squeezes the wrist of the opposite hand; raises the shoulders; opens his mouth, etc.

. "Ring"

. "Our Fingers"

The study involved children of primary preschool age, consisting of 15 people (Appendix 2).

Criteria are divided into three levels: high, medium, low

medium: the child completes the task with little difficulty;

High: Accurate performance of the task.

Thus, analyzing the results obtained, we came to the conclusion (Appendix 3) that:

at a low level in the group there are 6 children, which amounted to 40%. Children experienced significant difficulties in completing the task.

the average level of development of fine motor skills was detected in 5 children, which amounted to 33.3%. The children coped with the task with little difficulty.

A high level was detected in 4 children, which amounted to 26.7%. The children completed the assignments accurately.

So, the analysis of tabular and graphical data showed that the level of development of fine motor skills of children of primary preschool age is at a low level (6 children - 40%) and we recommend that children carry out in-depth work on the development of fine motor skills with a table - a tablet for drawing with sand.

The hand of a child at a younger preschool age is physiologically imperfect. Like the rest of the body, it is in a stage of intensive development. Fine motor skills are poorly developed. The fingers bend and unbend synchronously, i.e. all work together. The movements of the fingers are poorly differentiated, therefore, when one finger is bent, the rest perform a similar action. There is an incomplete range of motion and fatigue. The literature of recent years describes the methods of work on the development of fine motor skills, and all authors confirm the fact that the training of fine movements of the fingers is stimulating for the overall development of the child and for the development of speech.

But where can a child find the space to express all those impulses and experiences that are born inside, but have no way out? And here we recommend resorting to sand.

The purpose of sand painting is to develop fine motor skills of the hands, the ability to concentrate, emotional harmonization, and the development of creative imagination.

Some exercises aimed at the general activation and development of the sensory-motor sphere are useful: for example, for the ability to freely hold the brush, make free hand movements from top to bottom, from left to right, without squeezing fingers, take sand correctly, open and close the palm, just pour sand through cam.

Before starting classes on the table-tablet, it is necessary to accustom the child to work with sand. For this, several gaming activities(Appendix 4).

It is important to arouse in the child activity and a desire to master the action. It is known that skills are acquired by repeating actions repeatedly, sometimes for quite a long time, so vary them. Thinking through the exercises, it should be remembered that the repetition of the same tasks is boring for children. Every time the task needs to be complicated by presenting it in a different variant.

For the best mastering of the sand painting technique, we have developed recommendations that will accompany this type of creativity as a means of developing fine motor skills, the creative nature of children's productive activities.

The goals of this development are:

stimulating the independence and creativity of children in visual activity with the help of sand painting techniques;

Harmonization of the psycho-emotional state of preschoolers;

development of hand-eye coordination;

Free use of the hands of both hands.

In accordance with the goals in the process of teaching children the technique of sand drawing, the following tasks are solved:

development of the ability to convey the shape, structure of an object and its parts, the correct proportions of parts, using different shades of light and shadow;

· learning to create static sand paintings, taking into account the rhythm, symmetry;

development of compositional skills in depicting groups of objects or a plot;

exercise of the fingers and hands;

development of artistic and aesthetic taste.

Training in this technique is carried out as part of the entire drawing course and has characteristic features.

Secondly, the creation of a friendly, creative atmosphere so that a preschooler can express his thoughts aloud without fear of criticism.

And thirdly, the educational process is built using games and game exercises aimed at developing creative abilities, activity and independence in visual activity. The learning process is divided into four stages.

For the organization of educational activities, appropriate equipment is required - a table with glass or a tablet measuring 50 x 30 with backlight. Fine white sand is used for drawing, which is stored in a special compartment in a box on the table (tablet).

In the learning process, preschoolers learn to formulate an idea and keep it throughout the activity; evaluate their drawings and the work of other children, while noting their quality, content, relevance to reality, aesthetic appeal.

For the realization of each idea, a certain amount of sand is used. By adding a handful of sand, children learn to make the drawing dark, bright or, removing the excess, light, transparent, they try to convey their mood, feelings and thoughts in the drawing.

To give color to the image, colored sand is used depending on the theme of the visual activity or the children's idea, for example, "Golden Autumn" - sand yellow color, “Summer Forest” - green sand, “Sea inhabitants” - blue and / or blue, etc. But it is advisable to “paint” the drawing in this way at the end of training, when preschoolers have fully mastered the technique of drawing with sand.

Since the drawing is carried out directly with the fingers on the sand, this technique involves:

development of smoothness, grace and accuracy of movements;

Ability to work with the hand and fingers of both hands;

Hand-eye coordination

mastering technical skills: regulation of the strength of movements, a certain amplitude, speed, rhythm; the ability to change the scope and direction of movement of the hand when drawing; harmonious combination of lines, colors and shadows.

Each meeting with children consists of preparatory, introductory, main and final parts.

In the preparatory part, exercises are carried out for the development of fine motor skills, observation, preparation of the hand for drawing, psycho-gymnastics for the development emotional sphere, attention, memory and imagination.

The introductory part provides for the use of an artistic word; holding games to attract the attention of children; topic conversation.

The main part is directly working with sand on the topic. Important role while playing musical accompaniment. Music is selected taking into account the theme and sounds throughout the activity. So, the teacher can use the works of classical music by P. Tchaikovsky, W. Mozart, A. Vivaldi, I. Bach, F. Chopin, R. Strauss, C. Debussy; recordings of sounds of nature (water element, sounds of gardens, jungle, tropical forests, etc.). Physical education is mandatory.

The final part is reflection. Exit from the game environment. Encouragement of the participants in the game and a story about possible subsequent games, adventures.

Modern research proves that while painting with sand, a child not only acquires practical skills and implements creative ideas, but also broadens his horizons, develops artistic taste, acquires the ability to find beauty in the ordinary, learns to think creatively.

CONCLUSION

AT recent times the development of fine motor skills teachers and psychologists are attaching more and more importance, because it is an important component of the education and development of the child.

A table-tablet for sand drawing is a new and at the same time simple type of visual activity for preschoolers, accessible to almost everyone and does not require special training. And for the teacher, this is another way to understand the feelings of the child.

This type of drawing is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, since it is closely related to independent and creative activity. This is one of the ways to depict the world around us and develop fine motor skills of the hands.

In our work, we carried out diagnostics according to the methods of N.O. Ozeretsky, N.I. Gurevich, L.A. Wenger to identify the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age, which showed the predominance of a low level of development of fine motor skills of hands in children.

Taking into account the identified features, we have selected recommendations for training work younger preschoolers with a table-tablet for drawing with sand in order to develop fine motor skills of the hands.

We also note a few important rules for drawing with sand:

1) The child only needs to be offered options for games and tasks, and not forced to follow a strict program;

) The structure of the lesson should be adapted to the interests of the child;

) Create space for his self-expression, and do not set rigid boundaries and rules;

) Appreciate his initiative and opinion, but not tacit agreement with you;

) Stimulate the development of creative situations with questions, but not ready-made answers;

) Support the child in finding their own non-standard solutions to the tasks you set;

) Appreciate the natural wisdom of the child and his uniqueness, but do not teach him to "be like everyone else."

LITERATURE

1. Akhutina T.V. L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria: the formation of neuropsychology // Questions of psychology. - 2011. - No. 5. - S. 39 - 43.

Babaeva T.I., Mikhailova Z.A. Childhood: a program for the development and education of children in kindergarten: 3rd edition, revised. - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2004.

Belaya A.Ya., Miryasova V.I. Finger games. A guide for parents and teachers. - M.: Sigma, 2009.

Belousova O.A. Teaching preschoolers to draw with sand // Handbook of the senior educator preschool. - 2012. - No. 5. - S. 14 - 18.

Venger L.A., Pilyugina E.G. Raising a child's sensory culture: a book for educators kindergarten. - M.: Education, 2014.

Kiseleva V. Development of fine motor skills // preschool education. - 2006. - No. 1. - S. 43 - 45.

Koltsova M. The child learns to speak. - M.: Phoenix, 2011.

Leontiev A.N. Fundamentals of psycholinguistics: Proc. for university students studying in the specialty "Psychology". - M.: Education, 2013.

Lopukhina I.S. speech therapy. Speech. Rhythm. Motion. - M.: Korona-Print, 2014.

Nikitina A.V. Non-traditional drawing techniques. - M.: Korona-Vek, 2010.

Petrova E.S. We develop motor skills of the hand. - M.: Chance, 2010.

Ruzina M.S., Afonkin S.Yu. The country finger games. - S.-Pb.: School, 2007.

APPS

motor skills preschooler drawing sand

Appendix 1

Tasks according to the methods of N.O. Ozeretsky, N.I. Gurevich, L.A. Wenger

. "Finger with a nose greet"

After the preliminary demonstration of the task, the child is invited to close his eyes and touch the index finger of his right hand: a) the tip of the nose; b) the lobes of the left ear.

The task is repeated in the same sequence with the other hand.

Evaluation-conclusion. A correctly completed task is the norm; if the child makes inaccuracies (touches the middle or upper part of the nose, ear), this indicates the immaturity of his coordination mechanisms and inconsistency age norm.

. "Put the coins in the box"

A cardboard box 10x10 cm in size is placed on the table, in front of which 20 coins (tokens, buttons) 2 cm in diameter are laid out in disorder at a distance of 5 cm.

At the signal of an adult, the child must put all the coins as quickly as possible (you need to take them one at a time) into the box.

The task is performed alternately with the left and right hand.

Evaluation-conclusion. The norm is the correctness and execution time: for the leading hand - 15 seconds, for the other - 20 seconds.

. "Draw circles with your fingers"

For 10 seconds, with the index fingers of hands horizontally extended forward, the child should describe identical circles of any size in the air (arms move in opposite directions).

Evaluation-conclusion. The task is not completed if the child rotates his arms simultaneously in one direction or describes circles different sizes.

. "Let's say hello"

. "Ring"

Fold into a ring thumb with each finger on the right hand, then on the left.

Evaluation-conclusion. Note the range of motion (complete, incomplete), pace of execution (normal, slow, fast), activity (normal, lethargy, motor restlessness), coordination of movements (normal, uncoordinated movements), ability to switch movements.

. "Our Fingers"

Bend and unbend all fingers in turn, starting with the thumb, first on the right, then on the left hand.

Evaluation-conclusion. Smooth, accurate and simultaneous sample execution; tension, stiffness of movements; violation of the pace of execution (not at the expense of the teacher); failure to complete the task; left-handedness.

The criteria are divided into three levels: high, medium, low.

low: the child experiences significant difficulties in completing the task;

High: Accurate performance of the task.

Appendix 2

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children 3-4 years old

child number		exercise number

	Milan R.




	Xenia B.
	Stephen V.


	Violetta B.

Low level 6 kids

Intermediate level 5 children

High level 4 kids

Appendix 3

Diagram of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children 3-4 years old

Appendix 4

Game activities on the table-tablet for sand painting

“Difficult road”: you need to draw a wavy line with your finger across the sand (the difficulty is that the child does not weaken the finger, but strains and holds it with a hook).

"Dangerous turn": you need to run your finger over the sand, twisting it into a spiral (depict a spiral sign).

"Lightning": you need to draw a curved line with your finger in the sand.

"The monster on the island": a fabulous monster sleeps on the island (put or bury a toy in the sand). It is necessary to bypass the monster and not touch it - it can wake up.

"Rainbow": draw a semicircle in the sand with four fingers - a rainbow. And then add the sun.

“My cheerful sonorous ball”: draw a ball with a mound of sand (circle it around the poured sand), it is elastic, cheerful in character (you can draw a face and legs for it), and the other is not quite round, not very elastic and lazy (display emotions), almost doesn't jump.

Sand Path: Show your child how to pick up a handful of dry sand and slowly pour it out, creating different forms(path to the bunny's house).

"Sand painting":

draw symmetrical objects with both hands at the same time;

Draw on wet sand

We print flat figures, molds of the image on the sand;

Draw with a finger

We print on the sand with the palms of our hands;

draw with children's rakes on the sand.

Sand and water games.

Equipment option:

To play with sand, you need scoops, various molds, medium-sized toys for burying (balls, cubes, rings and other geometric shapes of different colors and two sizes), sticks, rakes.

For playing with water - a set of rubber and plastic toys (figures of fish, turtles, frogs, boats, etc.), a net, a scoop, multi-colored plastic balls, a set of toys made of different materials- for the game "what floats?", a set of colored pebbles, shells, etc.

"Finger pool"

A finger pool is easy to make at home: In a large rectangular box with low sides, sprinkle peas or beans in a 6-8 cm layer.

"We wash handkerchiefs"

An adult reads a poetic text, the child performs the corresponding hand movements:

Mother and daughter were washing handkerchiefs.

Like this! Like this!

(movements with an open palm along the bottom of the pool in the direction back and forth, fingers apart)

Like this! Like this! (Movement of the brush in the direction from left to right).

Mom and daughter rinsed handkerchiefs.

Like this! Like this! (Brush movements up and down over the pool).

"Fingers run away"

The child lowers his hand into the "pool", presses his palm to the bottom, alternately moves and spreads his fingers (without lifting his hand from the "bottom" of the finger pool).

"Fingers Run"

The hand rests on the bottom of the "pool", the brush is raised. Moving along the bottom of the "pool", fingering with fingers ("fingers ran forward").

"Salt shchi"

Grinding movements with three fingers - thumb, index and middle. (In order to activate muscle sensations, it is recommended to carry out this exercise in a bowl of buckwheat or rice.).

"We'll collect all the beads"

Throw pebbles into the sand. First, offer to collect pebbles with the first three fingers of the right hand. Then show how to use the sieve: it must be held in the left hand, and with the right hand, pour sand into the sieve with a scoop. The pebbles remaining in the sieve must be carefully poured into a bucket.

"Nuts are not simple"

Prepare a container with limited cells, different varieties of nuts.

All nuts are in one compartment. The adult invites the child to feel one nut and puts it in an empty compartment. The child feels the nuts and sorts them by type. You can make it more difficult by playing with your eyes closed.

"We write and draw"

Pour a thin layer of sand or semolina on the tray.

We train the movement of the hand and develop tactile sensations.

Offer to draw a circle, oval, etc. with a finger or stick. or see what's hidden there.

"Paths and Patterns of Sand"

We pour a thin stream of sand on the asphalt, on the ground, on colored paper.

Imprints on the wet sand stamps, toys.

We trample narrow and wide paths on the sand or on a loosened surface.

The game "Get the shell" ("Get the pebble")

Target: development of attention, coordination of movements.

At the bottom of the container with water, an adult lays out a few pebbles, shells. Then he invites the child to get the treasure. To do this, he chooses a very beautiful stone or shell, examines them with the baby. Then a pebble (or shell) sinks to the bottom (depth is more than 15-20 cm), and the child must try to get it by finding the desired item among other stones and shells.

The water layer usually makes it difficult to reach, so an adult can help the baby a little. Such an activity can be recommended to parents for playing with a child on the banks of the river, the sea.

The game "Sprinkle with a spoon"

Put two cups on a tray: on the left - a cup with cereals, and on the right - an empty one. First, moving the child’s hand, show how to take an incomplete spoonful of cereal, wait for the cereal to stop pouring from the spoon and smoothly moving your hand, move the spoon to the right cup and tip over it. Help the baby to pick up the croup when there is not enough of it (you need to bend the cup with your left hand). It is useful to combine these exercises with stirring.

Game "Find the ball"

Target:familiarity with the qualities of objects - size, shape.

The teacher buries a small ball in the sand and asks the child to find it. First, you can bury the ball in front of the baby, then so that he cannot see the actions of an adult.

Game "Baking cookies"

Target:familiarity with the properties of sand, the development of motor skills and coordination of movements.

In the center "Sand - water" in one container is dry sand, in the other - wet. The teacher shows the kid beautiful molds of different styles and offers to bake cookies. The child tries to perform actions, both with dry sand and with wet sand. Gradually, as a result of playing with dry and wet sand, he understands that nothing can be built from dry sand, but from wet and wet sand it is possible. If necessary, the caregiver provides assistance to the baby or directs his actions verbally.

Game "Catch the ice"

Target:development of coordination of movements, acquaintance with the properties of water.

The teacher lowers 5-10 small pieces of ice into a container of water and tells the child: “Look, look, something is happening. The ice cubes were big, but they are getting small. Let's save them!"

With a net or scoop, he takes out larger pieces of ice from the water and puts them in a separate bowl. After all the pieces of ice have been removed, the teacher asks: “Where did the rest of the pieces of ice go? What happened to them? They melted, turned into water.

Game "Warm - cold"

Target:consolidation of the concepts of "warm", "cold".

Toys of two types are needed, 2-3 pieces of each. Preferably rubber or plastic (for example, ducklings and fish, hippos and penguins, boats and dolphins, small balls - red and blue, red and yellow, green and white, etc.).

The teacher fills one container with warm water, the other with cold water. He says to the child: “Ducklings like to swim in cold water, and fish in warm water.Let's bathe them." The child lowers the ducklings into a container of cool water, and the fish into a container of warm water.

The game "What's floating"

Target:familiarization of children with the properties of various materials.

For an experimenting game, you need a set of objects made of different materials (a plastic boat, a rubber duck, a metal spoon, a pebble, a paper boat, a walnut shell, a piece of cloth, a foam plastic figure, a wooden stick, etc.). The teacher invites the child to gradually lower all objects into the water: “What a beautiful boat! He is ready to sail. Put him in the water, let him swim. How many other things we have! They also want to swim. Let's send them to sea." During the game, an adult always asks the baby to name objects and helps to comment on actions.

Game "Captains"

Target: activation of the muscles of the lips, the formation of the ability to alternate long, smooth and strong exhalations.

The teacher fills the container with water, puts a paper boat into it. The child sits on a chair nearby. An adult invites the baby to ride on a boat from one coast to another. Indicates that the coasts are marked with stripes different color. Explains that in order for the boat to move, you need to blow on it. You can blow by simply stretching your lips with a tube, but without puffing out your cheeks. Shows how it can be done. Draws the attention of the child to the sound that is obtained in this case: “f”. The kid repeats.

“But then the wind came up, it blows unevenly. Like this!" - an adult blows on the boat abruptly, unevenly: "P - P - P." Draws the baby's attention to what sound is heard now - "P". He suggests trying to blow in the same way and drive the boat to the other side. The game is repeated several times. The teacher makes sure that the child does not puff out his cheeks, does not blow very hard.

During the games, the teacher must necessarily praise the child for the correct completion of the task, support or help, in no case reproach the child for spilling water, scattering sand, wet clothes. Playing with sand and water should bring joy to children.

The game "Catch out of the water"

Pour water into a bowl and throw small floating objects into it: corks, twigs, etc. Invite the child to use a small sieve with a handle to lay out all these items and put them in a plate standing on a tray to the right of the bowl. The sieve is held in the right hand.

The game "There was a puddle - and it is not there"

This exercise is of great educational value: having spilled water, the child will be able to clean up after himself. First, teach the children to transfer water from one plate to another with a sponge. Place two plates on the tray: on the left with a small amount water, on the right - empty. Show how to use a sponge by scooping up water from one plate and squeezing it over another. Pay attention to the fact that water should not drip from the sponge onto the tray. Then pour some water on the tray and show how to wipe up the puddle by picking it up with a sponge.

Game "Let's put it in order"

Pour beads of two colors into a bowl, 5-7 pieces each, put two plates to the right of the bowl.

“Let's put all the red beads on one plate, and all the blue ones on the other. The bear loves red candies, and the bunny loves red ones. It is necessary to shift the beads one by one, taking with three fingers (show). If any beads fall on the table, ask them to pick them up with a scoop. Be sure to bring this work to the end - this skill is very important.

"Ocean is shaking"

Waves - whip soapy water. Inflatable toys, balls are clamped in the hand and released to the bottom. We release the ball and it jumps out of the tub.

"Shadow Games"

We substitute fingers, pens on a directed beam of light on the wall, make different figures and look at what it looks like - the development of the imagination.

Home baking recipes with photos - step by step master classes