And they can find an individual approach to the child in each individual case. Parents do not have such skills and knowledge, so they often make mistakes when organizing the process of learning to read on their own, without prior preparation or consultation. Based on my many years of experience in lower grades, I want to point out the main problems that arise if you do not know how to properly teach a child to read by syllables.

The main mistake that is difficult to correct is letter-by-letter reading. Parents believe that letters are the main unit of reading and teach the child to first name the letters, and then try to combine them into a whole word. Even worse, if at the same time they practice using the full names of letters (“em”, “pe”, etc.) or do not correct the baby when he pronounces “we”, “py”, naming consonant sounds.

This approach is fundamentally wrong: with such training, the child does not master the mechanism of sound-letter fusion of a syllable, he learns to read only on the basis of memorizing and reproducing verbal formulations (such as “el” and “a” will be “la”), and this significantly slows down reading speed, the child often confuses syllables and makes mistakes.

To wean a "taught" child from using such an algorithm, it will take at least 4 - 6 months for retraining. Even when the teacher is able to explain and show the child that it is not necessary to pronounce such formulas, but the whole syllable should be immediately called, the child will continue to do as before “in the mind” and only then pronounce the resulting combination.

One more problem - poorly developed phonemic awareness. Parents generally do not tend to pay attention to the use of various phonemic exercises. Therefore, it is only at school that a child begins to get acquainted with the concept of sound, to learn to distinguish it in a speech stream, to determine its place in a word. But it is precisely the stable association “letter = sound” that is the basis for continuous reading and competent spelling. Particularly serious problems arise when studying the letters "s", "i", "u", "e", "e", as well as the signs "b", "b", because their use is based only on the ability to determine what sounds they denote (or share) in a particular position.

It should also not be forgotten that often parents achieve results due to persistence and constant demands on the child because they do not know a wide range of didactic games and exercises. Therefore, a preschooler can quickly lose interest in reading and perceive this process as a boring “obligation”.

To avoid all the mistakes described and teach the child to read correctly, we suggest that parents use our recommendations below.

Methodological foundations for teaching reading by syllables

Pedagogy describes several ways to teach a child to read. The most effective is the method of reading by syllables, which is based on a sound-letter approach. At the same time, syllables are the main "bricks" from which the word is composed. Consider how to teach a child to read by syllables at home.

So, first you need to introduce the child to the basic vowel sounds and the letters they are denoted by: “a”, “o”, “y”. Each letter should be given 2-3 lessons. The algorithm for studying these and subsequent letters is as follows.

Stage #1 Motivation

The lesson should begin with a game moment that will arouse the child's interest in what will happen. You can show him a toy or a cartoon frame, let him listen to a song, etc. Your task is to draw the attention of the baby to a specific subject. For instance:

• treat the child with an orange;
• give a cartoon about a donkey;
• show the duck and let it swim in the bowl.

After such an action, ask the baby a question (what did he eat, what did he play with, etc.), and then ask him to repeat the name of the object again.

Stage number 2. Getting to know sound

Next, you need to highlight the first sound in the word. To do this, say the word and stretch the first sound, pronounce it louder and more clearly than others. Have your child repeat after you. He must determine and name the first sound in the word he heard.

Now we need to play with this sound:

• pronounce with different voice strengths (quieter - louder);
• sing;
• speak with different intonation.

It is important to pay attention to the articulation of sound. Be sure to talk to your child how it turns out to pronounce this sound, in what position are the lips, teeth and tongue. To do this, invite him to observe you or look in the mirror at yourself. When studying vowel sounds, it is recommended to show the baby the appropriate demonstration pictures.

Games for the development of phonetic hearing

When you have already learned several sounds with your child, be sure to play the Guess the Sound game with him - by the position of the organs of articulation, he must guess what sound you are going to pronounce.

After such games, offer your child other exercises to develop phonetic hearing:

• Name words that also begin with the desired sound.
• “Catch the sound” - the adult must pronounce different words, and the baby repeats them, and if he hears the indicated sound in it, he claps his hands.
• “Sat in the house” - make a cardboard house template with 3-4 windows and invite the child to place pictures in them with those objects whose name begins with the desired sound.
• “Say the word” - you name part of the word, and the child must say it in full, adding a sound at the beginning (at the end) of the word.

Attention! No need to use more than 2 exercises in one lesson.

Stage number 3. Getting to know the letter

Now it's time to learn the letter. To do this, you can invite the child to find the desired picture among the cubes or on the alphabet (for example, an orange). It should be explained that since the name of this object begins with the sound [a], a letter was written next to it, which denotes this sound.

Examples:

• Cubes Myakishi "ABC in pictures" in the store OZON.ru.
• Educational wooden toys Cubes Alphabet.
• Cubes "ABC", 12 pcs.

Invite the child to carefully consider the letter, determine what parts it consists of (sticks, ovals, hooks). Discuss with him what the letter looks like. It is recommended to use special pictures in which the letter is depicted as a real object. If possible, you can create such pictures yourself directly during the lesson. The child will be very interested in watching the transformation of the letter.

You also need to ask the baby to write a letter. This can be done in different ways:

• draw with chalk on the board;
• write with your finger in the sand;
• mold from plasticine;
• lay out with buttons;
• twist from wire, etc.

Such exercises will really please the child and will allow you to better remember the letter.

Stage number 4. Composing a syllable

When the baby learns the first three vowel sounds, each subsequent sound (after getting acquainted with the letter) is immediately included in the syllables. The main thing is to explain it in such a way that the child understands the very mechanism of merging two sounds into one single syllable. The adult should show two letters and say that now he will pronounce them together, without stopping and separating.

For an additional effect, you can add visualization:

• put two cubes side by side;
• write letters on the details of the designer and connect them together;
• put the letters in one house, etc.

Having shown a syllable to a child, an adult should pronounce it clearly and drawlingly, and then ask the child to repeat it. Next, it should be explained in words that in order to pronounce the syllable “ma”, you must first close your lips for the sound [m] and immediately open your mouth and round your lips to pronounce the sound [a]. It is recommended to demonstrate this process several times, inviting the child to do the same.

As practice shows, such detailed explanations and training will be needed only for the first 1-2 weeks of syllabic reading classes. As soon as the child understands and learns the principle of combining sounds into syllables, he will easily do this in any combination.

In addition to learning to read direct syllables (consonant + vowel), you need to offer him to read reverse (vowel + consonant) and complex (2-3 consonants + vowel) syllables. The methodology is similar: demonstrate a sample, analyze articulation and perform training exercises.

Reading in syllables

The presented method of how to teach a child to read by syllables is suitable for homework with a baby from 5 years old. After 2-3 weeks of classes, the child will be able to independently, looking at the written letters, name the syllable. There is no need to rush him, however, if he finds it difficult to pronounce a syllable after 30 - 60 seconds, you need to prompt him, help him compose a syllable. This should be done in a friendly manner, without irritation and reproaches.

When the child makes the first syllables "ma", "mu", it's time to show that by combining some syllables together, you can get a whole word. It is better to explain this using syllabic cubes (you can buy a special set or make them yourself) or designer parts. The main thing is to show that in order to read a word, you need to name syllables and then combine them. Be sure to ask your child what the word is and what it means.

In the future, when it will no longer be necessary to spend a lot of time explaining all the described basics of reading by syllables, the main part of the classes should be devoted to training exercises. Practitioner teachers say that there is no other way to learn to read well, except for constant reading. The more often and more the child reads, the better he will get it. And so he needs to maintain a constant interest in reading classes. To do this, it is recommended to use a variety of didactic games.

Examples:

• speech therapy exercises.
• From playing to reading. Didactic exercises.

Didactic games for learning to read

Game "Sun"

The figure shows the sun with rays. The letter being studied is placed in the center, and the rest of the letters are placed at the ends of the rays. Moving from the center along the ray, you need to name the syllable that is obtained. You can also move in the opposite direction.

A similar game is called "Watch". The main letter is placed in the center of the hand, and the rest on the dial. By moving the arrow, we call the resulting syllable.

Game "Let's run along the path"

Pick up a picture with a short winding path. Place circles with printed syllables on it. The child receives a chip and begins to move it forward, naming syllables along the way. You can arrange a team game - who will go faster and not make a mistake.

Dice game

For cubes with syllables, you can come up with many tasks:

• read all the syllables on the cube;
• choose cubes to make a word;
• replace (add) one syllable in the composed word to get a new word;
• choose the syllable for the picture, which is the first in the name of the depicted object.

You can even just give the child a box with such cubes, and he can invent a way to play with them himself.

Syllable table

Make an interactive syllable table. It is made according to the principle of the Pythagorean table. Lines in the table need to be added as new letters are learned. Tasks for working with the table can be the following:

• find the indicated letter and read all the syllables with it;
• find the named syllable in the table;
• show the named syllables in the table and make a word out of them;
• draw rays between syllables to make a word.

Later you need to make another table, which will consist of complex syllables.

As a result of constant training exercises, the ability to name syllables will be brought to automatism, and from this the reading speed will increase significantly. However, parents need to remember that this is not the only criterion that is important for good reading. Attention should also be paid to the development of such reading characteristics as awareness and expressiveness, that is, we are already talking about.

Children pass the first acquaintance with letters at home, together with their parents, and they begin to read fully and well after they turn 6 years old. The first program for the development of reading and the full preparation of children for school begins in kindergarten. There are many centers for the development of babies that help to fully master the technique of reading and additional homework gives quite successful results. Next, we’ll talk about how to teach a child to read by syllables at home.

How is reading taught?

The child in the course of reading must be introduced gradually and arouse his interest. Be sure to explain why you need to read, what benefits it will bring in the future to the baby. You should not immediately give a lot of tasks and overload with knowledge, it will be enough to study the "ABC" and syllables without drawings that suggest letters.

It is also worth considering that young children do not have a strong concentration of attention, they sometimes just get tired of constant mental work, you can win attention with clear speech and a direct direction to action.

By virtue of its childhood some children can switch their attention to more than 10 items. Therefore, you need to select a very interesting ABC so that the baby will certainly like it. There are a number of special books in which the letters stand out in a special way, allowing you to focus all your attention on them.

How to teach a child to read in syllables at home? Where to begin?

1. Learn with the baby all the main letters, try to have him call them clearly and show them in the pictures. If you additionally draw letters in red on paper, this will also play a role. This color helps to remember syllables and all letters better.
2. After fully studying the vowels, you can switch to syllables with the addition of consonants, let the child try to repeat after you all the syllables that you pronounce. Composing easy words with repetitive syllables will be a real movement forward and a noticeable progress on the part of the baby.
3. Try to speak clearly and in syllables with your child so that he catches your every word and can independently repeat simple words: house, smoke, la-la, cat, dog, yard, window, ball, ball, and so on.

How to prepare for the development of the baby?

Parental assistance in the development of the baby should be present in everything, because parents still need to allocate at least an hour of their time for full-fledged activities with the baby and reading books with him, the more parents help the child, the more he will have a desire to study further and get everything the necessary knowledge. Develop industriousness in your child - this will help him in school years. We briefly told you how to teach a child to read by syllables at home, and whether or not to listen to our advice is your right.

When the child has mastered the alphabet well, it is time to teach him how to put letters into syllables and read them. Many mothers and fathers are tormented by the question of how to tell him everything about sounds and syllables, how to teach him to connect letters, and then explain how to put words together.

Learning algorithm

Teaching a child to read coherently is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. This is a rather serious matter that requires patience, perseverance and some preparation of the parents themselves. The process of developing reading skills consists of three steps:

• memorization of letters and the sounds denoting them;
• folding letters into syllables and practicing reading them;
• folding syllables into words and practicing continuous reading.

The first step usually does not cause difficulties for children, they quickly memorize letters during the game. The next step, almost the most important and responsible, is not very easy for many children. Difficulties that have arisen can discourage hunting and significantly slow down the process. Do not give up and continue systematic studies, even if things have seriously slowed down. Encourage your child to feel more confident.

When can you start teaching your child to read?

Before you start learning, make sure that your charming student knows the letters of the alphabet and easily identifies them. To test skills, give your child the alphabet and ask them to name the letters. It usually takes 2-3 minutes for the kids to do this. This means that it takes him 4-6 seconds to recognize one letter. Based on the simplest calculations, it can be assumed that it will take him 20 to 25 seconds to read a word of 4 letters (“dad”, “mother”). Now imagine what it's like to read at that speed.

So knowing and identifying letters is important, of course, but their definition must be lightning fast. When the baby spends about 20 seconds to “disassemble” the entire alphabet, then proceed to the second stage of learning - how to teach the child syllables.

Fundamental points:

• Teach your child sounds, not letters, this will simplify the process of subsequent learning. For example, not "de", "te", "me", but "D", "T", "M". Vowels should be long "uuu", "aaa". Start your practice with "A". It is the easiest for children, they quickly remember and determine it. As soon as the student determines it well, proceed to the consonants. Then begin to compose the syllables "MA", "DA", "GA". As soon as this works out, start building words: “ba-ba”, “ma-ma”. After practicing skills with the letter "A", start practicing with the letter "O", then "U", "I".
• If your child knows the alphabet well, play with it. Show him how to collect simple words "da-sha", "ka-sha", "li-za", "li-sa", "mouth", "house", "ko-za".
• Move on to 3-syllable words.
• Learning in the game is the most optimal and interesting for the child.

Make active use of visual aids in the learning process. Pre-prepared colorful pictures, thematic video materials can become your assistants in this difficult task.

Teaching Methods

Independently teach the baby to read, without relying on didactic material, quite difficult (more details in the article:). Get a primer in advance, you will need it. Now they are produced in a large assortment - there are classic ones, there are also original ones. The most interesting and practically substantiated are the methods of N. Zhukova and E. Bakhtina.

Zhukova's method with "running letters" looks simpler to explain, and therefore more understandable to the child. We should not forget that every child is unique, his abilities are individual. What is convenient and understandable for one, does not work for another. If the baby does not feel very confident at the stage of syllables, do not rush to move on to folding words, even the simplest ones. Such useless acceleration will increase his uncertainty and discourage the desire to learn to read.

Bakhtina's technique is suitable for very young children who are barely 2 years old. The author assures that children who regularly study at home according to her method can read well by the age of three. According to Zhukova's primer, children go to school, i.e. at the age of 5-6 years.

We add and read syllables according to the method of Elena Bakhtina

The essence of the method is as follows: as soon as the baby has learned to fluently (precisely fluently!) Recognize letters, start teaching him to connect letters, build syllables to pronounce them. After he learns how to pronounce and recognize letter combinations correctly, you need to work out their varieties.

Let's take an example. In the syllable "MA" the letters "M" and "A" met and became close friends. Now they are together and it turns out "MA". Repeat about friendship "M" + "A" \u003d "MA" during the day, consolidate the skill the next day. In the same way, learn other letter combinations. At first, practice open syllables (for a vowel) "KA", "GA", "LA". Be sure to reinforce the pronunciation by demonstrating cards (visually).

Use the same cards to teach your child to read. We offer you ready-made cards: consonants - blue, vowels - red. Make syllables and words for reading from cards.

Important aspects:

• At the initial stage, do not use vowels with "y" in the composition "yu" = "yu", "ya" = "ya". Don't use hissing consonants as they are harder to pronounce.
• Teach your child continuously - not only at home with an ABC book, but also during a walk. Point the "student" to the signs, encourage him to find and pronounce familiar combinations, practice with unfamiliar combinations. Then you can include vowels with “y” in the composition and hissing consonants in the training.

It is possible that this technique will not suit the baby, and he will not learn to read. In this case, try another teaching method.

The classical technique of the author of the school primer Nadezhda Zhukova

Use Zhukova's primer to teach your child how to make syllables from letters. Start with the letters "M" and "A", because their combination is close and dear to the baby. This combination of letters is familiar almost from birth, it underlies the word "mother".

Pay attention to the baby that in the picture in the primer one letter runs to another, and then they are connected.

Speak the stretched letter “mmm” with him and turn it into “mmaaaa”. At the same time, the first sound is gradually reduced and the second becomes longer. In the same way, pronounce other open letter combinations with "A", "O", "U": "YES", "KO", "TU", etc. Then proceed to the addition completely simple words, which are understandable to the student: "PA-PA", "RU-KA", "NO-GA". Focus on articulation: we stretch one sound, and shorten the other. If you can make your cards with "running" letters, then you can teach your baby to read not only with a book, but also through a game.

Important aspects:

• It is very important to encourage the child to analyze the syllables that he learns. Every time ask him what letters he sees here and how many there are. Let him say and repeat again and again.
• Make sure that while reading, his letters do not “break apart” and do not “unfriend”, so that the sounds do not turn into letters when they are connected: “yes”, not “dea”; "pa", not "pea". The child must pronounce exactly the sounds. Remind the baby that the first sound must be pulled, and the second “cut”.
• During the lesson, let the child determine by ear the number of letters (sounds) spoken by mom / dad. Ask him to name the first sound and the second. Initially, you can practice on combinations of vowels "ao", "ua", "ia".

Once again, we recall the individuality of the child. One kid will quickly connect letters and sounds, while the other will have difficulty. Do not rush him and do not pedal the situation. Let classes be regular. If your child is not given one technique, try another. It is important to choose the option that suits him.

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal and Reproductive Psychology and Volgograd State Medical University with a degree in clinical psychology

If earlier children went to the first grade and learned letters there, then syllables, and only then they mastered reading words and phrases, today the situation has changed dramatically. First-graders sit down at their desks already knowing how to read at least syllable by syllable, and some children quite fluently voice the pages of the primer. After all, today the early development of the child is given great attention, and learning to read is one of the main and most important steps. But many parents are faced with the fact that the baby cannot correctly fold the letters into syllables. Do not be upset ahead of time, perhaps the baby is not yet ready to master this science, but can turn learning into a game process and progress will immediately become visible. What should parents do who want to teach their child to read by syllables at home?

The time has come: how to determine that physiologically the child is ready to learn to read

Many parents ask themselves: at what age can you start learning to read? Child psychologists and teachers do not give an unambiguous answer to this question, because everything depends on the psychological and physiological readiness of the child himself. Some children already at the age of 4 put letters into syllables without problems, while others are aware of the process itself only at school. Nevertheless, experts identify several signs by which adults can understand that the baby is already ready to move on to learning:

• coherent and clear speech: the child can speak in sentences, clearly formulate his thoughts and desires, he is understood not only by his parents, but also by the people around him;
• the baby has no serious speech problems and speech defects. The future student should not burr or lisp in order to clearly and correctly pronounce letters and syllables in the learning process. If the child is five years old, and he does not pronounce several sounds, a speech therapist should be consulted;
• coordination is well developed: the baby understands where the right and left, up and down. It would seem, what does this have to do with reading? The most direct: this is necessary so that the baby reads words and syllables correctly. Also, children who have impaired coordination often confuse similar letters: P and b, E and E;
• phonetic hearing is sufficiently developed: the baby should be able to determine with which letter the word begins, which words have the same letters in the composition;
• patience and perseverance: during the learning process, the child must concentrate for at least 10 minutes in order to understand new material and memorize syllables. It is too early to teach reading to a kid who does not want to sit still and concentrate on the primer or other aids;
• interest in letters and reading in a child: if parents notice that the baby often looks at books, asks adults to read what is written on a particular page, shows interest in letters, then it will be interesting for him to learn to read on his own.

The above skills, in most cases, are formed in a child by the age of five. It is from this age that you can start learning to read. It is desirable that by the time the baby needs to go to first grade, i.e. by the age of 7, he could read syllables.

Parents should take into account the wishes of the child before starting his teaching to read. If the baby is not interested in letters and books, cries during class, does not want to concentrate, it is better to leave attempts at a later time. Even if a child who is the same age as your baby is already reading words and sentences, and yours has only learned the letters, but things are not moving forward, you should not force the baby. This can only aggravate the situation and discourage all the desire to study. When the time comes, the baby will quickly master the letters and syllables.

At what age should you start teaching your baby at home?

On this issue, many experts hold different opinions:

• teachers early development insist that it is necessary to start training with children from birth or no later than twelve months. They explain their position by the fact that the baby's brain is intensively developing until three years, and at this time it is necessary to have time to introduce him to letters and words. Most often, for teaching early reading, the Glen Doman method is used, when children are shown words not in syllables, but in their entirety, and the child remembers information in this form;
• speech therapists and child psychologists, on the contrary, do not recommend starting training until the child is fully prepared according to the signs that we discussed above. Experts recommend starting to teach children to read no earlier than five to six years. It is at this age that the child will be able to consciously remember, and most importantly, understand the rules of reading.

But first of all, it all depends on the decision of the parents and the desire of the child himself.

When to start teaching your baby to read - video

Where to start: the right preparation for learning to read

This stage is the precursor to learning to read. To master the skills of composing syllables, and then words and sentences, the child must be prepared for the study of letters. First of all, the baby should have a well-developed sense of rhythm, coordination and phonemic hearing.

You can start teaching your baby to catch the rhythm from a very young age. To do this, teachers recommend turning on funny children's songs for the baby and asking the baby to dance or just move to the sound of music. Parents need to set an example so that the child tries to repeat the movements of adults. Such exercises have a positive effect on the development of rhythmic hearing.

The development of phonemic hearing is very important so that the child learns to pronounce different sounds correctly, as well as recognize them in words. To do this, experts recommend daily work with children using the following exercises:

• call the baby words, and his task is to say what letter they begin with;
• give the baby a task: to name words whose first letter is only A, B, P and others;
• change the rules a little: let the baby tell you the letter that the word ends with;
• name the words, it is better to start with short ones with one or two syllables in the composition. The task of the baby is to find the right sound. For example, a mother says that it is necessary to determine if there is a sound “a” in the words and calls different words, as soon as a word with the desired sound is found, the baby must repeat it. Teachers recommend starting this game with vowels, their children are easier to identify, and only then move on to consonants.

Quick and easy ways to teach your child to read by syllables

First of all, the child must know all the letters. Experts recommend that parents study not the name of the letters, but immediately the sounds. For example, not "er" but the sound<р>etc. You should start with vowel sounds, as soon as the baby masters and remembers them, you can move on to consonants.

It should be clearly understood that it is the sounds that are needed for reading, not the name of the letters. If a child remembers only letters, it will be very difficult for him to relearn and perceive only sounds.

Today, there are many methods and ways in which parents can teach a future student to read. Consider the most popular of them.

We connect letters into syllables using N. Zhukova's primer

1. Each day you can learn no more than one sound. Before getting to know a new one, it is necessary to repeat all the previous ones so that the baby does not forget them.
2. After successfully memorizing all the sounds, you can try to compose syllables. It is necessary to start from one consonant and one main sound. The first syllables must be composed of sonorant consonants: m, p, n, l and vowels. When the child has mastered these skills, you can try syllables with hissing sounds.
3. Do not rush while composing syllables. Children often find it difficult to figure out how to make sounds together rather than separately. To do this, you need to practice every day for at least 10 minutes to achieve a positive result.
4. First, the parents read the syllable, then the child repeats. After a while, the baby will understand the principle of composing syllables from sounds.

Before you start learning to read, you need to decide on a textbook. For children, N. Zhukova's primer is perfect. According to this primer, children study at school, so it will not be superfluous to purchase it. According to the method of Zhukova, many teachers are engaged and achieve excellent results. The principle of learning to read is based on "running letters", i.e. on the pages of the book, the letters tend to meet each other. This is done so that the child understands: you can’t read by pronouncing sounds separately from each other. The correct reading of syllables is to pronounce sounds together.

The principle that underlies Zhukova's technique is the gradual combination of two sounds into a syllable. For example, "MA": first you need to pronounce the first sound "mmmmmm ..." and add "a" at the end. Then we shorten the first sound, and the second, on the contrary, must be extended: “maaaaaaaa”. As soon as the child learns to combine both sounds and pronounce them together, you can not hold out the sounds, but pronounce one syllable.

For parents, tips are written at the end of each page on how to properly engage with a child while learning to read. It is imperative that you pay attention to them.

We read syllables according to Zhukova's primer - video

Learning to read with Zaitsev's cubes

According to this technique, children do not study sounds separately, and then compose them into syllables. They immediately memorize the whole syllable, which is written on one of the sides of the cube. Kids are engaged exclusively with cubes and only in game form.

The principle of this technique is that the child remembers visually, memorizes a whole syllable, and then learns to compose a word from syllables.

But this technique has one drawback: the baby may encounter problems learning to read at school. The fact is that according to the school curriculum, children are first taught letters and sounds, then syllables are made up of them, and then syllables are added to words. A child who memorized and learned two letters at once with the help of cubes does not understand the principle of the classical teaching method.

The principle of the Zaitsev technique - video

What to do if the child does not understand how to put words into syllables

It often happens that the baby simply cannot realize how to pronounce two sounds together without separating them. Experts warn that parents should not allow such pronunciation of syllables. If a child gets used to saying “mea” instead of “ma”, it will be extremely difficult to retrain him, it can take months, and we don’t need this at all. teachers offer parents several ways so that the baby quickly understands how to read two sounds together correctly:

• sing syllables: this method is very effective, children quickly learn how to read a syllable if it is sung. But the task of adults is not to let the child get used to singing. As soon as the baby gets acquainted with the syllable and remembers it well, invite him to simply read this syllable. Alternating classes in this way: the child reads familiar syllables, and sings new ones, the baby quickly learns to pronounce two sounds together;
• resort to the help of visual aids: educational cartoons help a lot, where bright syllables appear on the screen and the author's voice voices them;
• buy a magnetic alphabet for your child: let him make syllables from familiar sounds;
• on the wall you can hang a syllabary table, ordinary or with sound. In the first case, the parents pronounce the syllables, and the child repeats them, and in the second, the baby himself can click on the desired syllable, and the author will call it.

Do not forget that each child is individual, so the pace of mastering reading by syllables for each crumb may differ. Parents should be patient and not rush the baby. The main condition for the successful development of the reading skill is regular classes. Let them be short-lived, but daily and a positive result is guaranteed.

Games for learning to read by syllables

Psychologists and teachers unanimously say that the best results in the learning process can be achieved if classes are held in a playful way. Every child loves to play, so it will be interesting for him to learn syllables during the game. There are many different games that will surely interest your little student.

1. Draw or print on cards any transport that your baby likes best, such as a bus or train. Make as many cards as the child knows the vowel sounds, and write one vowel on each card. Invite the baby to ride these letters, but in the company of friends. Now you can substitute one consonant for each vowel to get “BA”, “BO”, “BE”, “BI”, “BYA”, etc. Then the consonants need to be changed so that the child remembers other combinations of sounds. Moreover, consonants can be placed both before the main ones and after, forming different syllables.
2. Let's be friends: children love to make new friends, so you can invite your baby to make friends with different sounds. In order to interest the child, make the image of beeches a little more interesting: draw a girl and a boy, or a dog and a cat or other animals, and attach one letter each to their clothes. Let the child add two letters, as if introducing them and pronouncing the syllable, so that they make friends. Bright and colorful images are quickly remembered in the mind of the baby.
3. Card games. You can draw it yourself or buy a ready-made kit. The goal of this game is to compose a word so that a picture is also obtained - an image of an animal or object. But for starters, you can ask the child to add only individual syllables and pronounce them. A little later, you can move on to compiling short words, and then - long.

Using their imagination and knowing the preferences and interests of the baby, parents can come up with many games that will help the baby quickly learn to read by syllables. It all depends on the desire of the crumbs and the patience of adults, who should gently lead the future student to regular reading.

Educational cartoon for children: learning syllables - video

1. Play more with your child, he should perceive classes as a fun pastime, and not a duty.
2. Never force your child to read, this will negatively affect the learning process. Better show by example that reading is wonderful and exciting. Children repeat a lot after adults.
3. Always repeat the material covered, so the baby will remember the syllables better.
4. Practice in any free time: walking down the street, playing syllables, etc. The more often you engage with the baby, the faster he will remember the syllables and begin to compose words.
5. More variety: Don't stop with just a primer or syllabary. Include educational videos and cartoons for your child.
6. Read together: Develop a kind of ritual and read aloud to your baby before bed or at lunch. Have your child read one word and you complete the sentence. Gradually, the baby will want to read more: phrases, and then sentences.
7. Do not take breaks in reading: try to study every day for at least a few minutes. If the child is not set up to perceive information in a playful way, repeat with him the material already covered, the syllables familiar to him.
8. Interest the kid: write him a note and let him try to read it, or come up with a game in the style of a quest, where the clues are written on the cards. If the child reads everything and understands the tasks, a prize awaits him.
9. Children should not be scolded: if they can't read, just be patient, explain once, twice, three times, as long as it takes. Encourage the baby so that he does not lose the desire to move on.
10. Be sure to encourage the baby: praise him, give gifts, buy what he has long wanted. The child should know that his efforts bring positive results and he will strive for the next heights. Motivation - The best way stimulate the child's interest in reading.

Features of education depending on the age of the child

Although many experts do not recommend teaching children to read before the age of five, until they are physically and mentally ready, a large number of parents prefer to start classes with children in more early age from the age of two or three. Some mothers and fathers send their children from the age of one to children's development centers, where babies are taught to read at this age.

The principle of teaching reading to children of different ages - table

Criterion	1 – 3 years	4 years	5 – 6 years
Teaching methodology	Most often, children are taught on Glen Doman's cards. The principle of this technique is that children are shown cards on which certain words are written. Toddlers remember visually as a whole, and not individual syllables or letters.	At this age, it will be interesting for children to study Zaitsev's cubes. Kids in the process of playing can build words and phrases.	The classic method of learning to read by primer. Children are taught vowels and consonants, then syllables are made up of sounds, and only then words.
Tutorials	Large cards with words written in red.	Wooden or cardboard cubes. You can also include educational cartoons with syllables for children.	Primer, flashcards, educational videos and games.
Regularity of classes	Classes are held only if the baby wants, if the baby is naughty, cries and is not in the mood to remember information, it is better to postpone the classes.	At least three times a week, you need to deal with the child with the help of cubes. If the crumbs have a desire to play more often, parents should not interfere with this.	It is advisable to study every day and do not take breaks in training
Class time	3-5 minutes at a time. Classes can be held up to three to five times a day.	If the child likes to read and do exercises, you should not limit him in time. As a rule, children study for no more than 20 minutes, and then switch to another activity.	Teachers recommend reading at least one page of the primer a day. If the child wants to continue the lesson, parents need to help him in this and praise him for his desire to read.

Possible consequences of too early and incorrect training

Despite the fact that children's early development centers are so popular today, where children are taught to read, write and count from the first months of life, many neurologists and psychologists note negative consequences for babies. Experts justify their point of view by the fact that adults interfere in the baby's brain activity when he is not yet ready for such a load. And the consequences of this can be manifested:

• neurosis, hysteria and aggressive behavior: the unformed nervous system is not ready to perceive such an amount of information that early development teachers provide. Therefore, as they grow older, children sleep poorly, become nervous, prone to aggression and inappropriate behavior. These are symptoms of overload. nervous system, so this situation requires a doctor's consultation;
• functional disorders in the brain: this is manifested in the complete lack of interest in learning in a child. Moreover, teachers do not get tired of repeating that the baby can learn, grasps everything from the first minutes, has a good memory and logic, but he has no desire and desire to do anything. This is due to early loads on brain activity and with age, the body, as it were, protects itself from overstrain and information overkill, although it is already ready to perceive it;
• some children have significantly reduced chances and opportunities to fully develop their intellectual potential.

Many educators and psychologists insist that teaching children to read before the age of four or five is not only undesirable, but also dangerous. At an early age, children are not ready for the perception and differentiation of sounds that need to be known in order to learn to read. If you teach a child to read before the age of four, then he develops an inefficient reading mechanism, i.e. the baby simply visually memorizes words, syllables, but is not able to understand how to put letters into syllables. This mechanism of perception remains at an older age. And it is very difficult to retrain a child in the correct principle of reading.

Neurologists confirm that the negative effects of early learning to read can manifest themselves later in life, for example, when it is time for a child to go to school. The baby begins to get sick often, he has an allergy. In some cases, children can be diagnosed with nervous strain, clumsiness, and impaired coordination. Therefore, experts insist that there is no need to adjust the time: the child will learn to read when he is ready for it, you should not overload the brain of the crumbs in order to avoid negative consequences for his health.

Why you shouldn't teach your kids to read too early - video

Parents are the main helpers of children on the way to learning to read. The kid trusts his mother, because he is used to her reading fairy tales and various stories to him. Many experts and educators insist that you should not rush and try to teach a child to read at the age of one who cannot speak yet. The kid should be completely ready for the beginning of the perception of letters and sounds. Gradually, you can introduce the baby to letters, then syllables, and then words. Conduct all activities in a playful way so that the child is interested. And also do not forget to encourage the baby and then the success of the learning process is guaranteed to you.

How to teach a child to read by syllables at home if he does not go to Kindergarten and educational group? School programs become more complicated every year, and by the first grade the kid should confidently read in syllables. Without this skill, it will be difficult to study at school, the kid will not be able to fully master the program and will suffer from an inferiority complex. Mom should make sure that by the first grade the child already has basic knowledge of reading and addition / subtraction of prime numbers.

How to teach a child to read by syllables on his own? What do you need to have for this, and is it possible to cope with training? At home, children feel more comfortable and confident, and to help mothers in bookstores, educational and teaching aids to develop speaking skills. However, it is impossible to teach reading without knowing the alphabet! Therefore, the very first task for the mother will be teaching the child letters. For this, there are also special techniques: Zaitsev's cubes, rough letters M. Montessori, etc.

When to start teaching a child to read and write, at what age? This question does not have a clear answer. Reading should be taught when the child is psychologically ready to learn. methodological material. Mom herself or a family psychologist can understand this. Contrary to the installation of the usefulness of early development, it is not necessary to teach the child the sciences out of time - he should have a full-fledged childhood. However, delaying the learning process is also wrong. Usually, from the age of five, children begin to show a conscious interest in everything new, and at this moment you can easily put the necessary knowledge into them.

Opponents of too early education are also ophthalmologists. They believe that straining the optic nerve during early learning can harm the baby. At five / six years old, the child has already formed the visual center responsible for visual acuity (the ciliary muscle), so reading should be taught no earlier than this age period. If a mother is worried about the health of her child's eyes, you should visit an optometrist and check the baby's vision.

Psychologists are also opponents of early learning. They argue that conscious perception of educational material is possible only from the age of seven. Until that time, it is possible to teach a child only in a playful way, without burdening his psyche with responsibility for the learning process. The consequences of too early training can be:

• nervous tics;
• violation of speech functions;
• communication problems;
• stuttering on mental grounds;
• unconscious fear;
• neuroses of varying intensity;
• repetitive compulsive movements.

Important! Do not try to make a genius out of a baby. It is more important to maintain his physical and psycho-emotional health.

Ready to learn

How do you know that the baby is ready to learn and learn to read in syllables? Signs of a child's readiness for learning:

• is able to make sentences in a coherent manner;
• is able to clearly express his thoughts in words;
• the child does not have speech disorders of a speech therapy nature;
• the baby coordinates his movements well and is oriented in space;
• the baby can distinguish certain sounds (phonemes) in words.

The child's brain must be developed enough to not only see the letter, but also to realize its meaning. It is not enough to see and hear - it is important to be able to understand what is seen and heard.

And this process is formed not in the organs of vision/hearing, but in the brain. The kid sees a cube with a depicted picture and associates the picture with the letter being studied. This process of brain activity. Until the brain is able to realize what it sees, it will be difficult to teach to read.

The first exercise in learning to read can be a cube with a picture and a written letter. The kid sees a drawn watermelon, knows how to distinguish the sound “A” in the word, and realizes that the letter “A” is associated with a picture of a watermelon. Mom hides the “A” block and asks the child to quickly find it among the other blocks. If the baby begins to consciously look for the “A” cube, it means that he is ready to assimilate the educational material and learn to read syllables fairly quickly.

Important! If the baby is unable to quickly find the cube, help him with the search. The next time he will feel more confident and cope with the task easily.

Teaching methodology

• learn all the letters one by one;
• pronounce two-letter syllables correctly;
• pronounce three-letter syllables correctly;
• learn how to combine syllables into simple words;
• learn how to connect syllables in compound words correctly.

Important! The whole process of learning to read by syllables should take place in a playful way. You can not teach a child by force and scold for misunderstanding.

How to teach to combine letters into syllables? A syllable always consists of vowels and consonants, so it is important to first teach how to recognize and articulate vowels correctly. There are few of them, and it is easy to start learning to read with them. Then you need to study consonant sounds: first, the most common ones are “m”, “p”, “b”, etc. It is important that the baby can compose his first words - mom, dad, woman.

To teach a child to compose syllables and read by syllables, consonant sounds with additional overtones cannot be called. For example, we learn the sound “p”, but do not call it “pe”. Let the baby say “p”, then combine it with the vowel “a”: the syllable “pa” will turn out. Then explain to the baby that these two sounds need to be pronounced together (sing them).

A common mistake in learning is reading syllable by syllable with a clear articulation of individual sounds: m-a-m-a.

It is necessary to learn how to pronounce the syllable together. It will be a great pleasure for the child to compose and pronounce the first word in life from cubes - “pa-pa”.

In order for the learning process to receive an additional incentive, you need to visually show the baby the fruits of his efforts. What should be done? Teach how to read and pronounce the vowel sounds and part of the consonants (p, b, m) correctly and explain that the word “mother” or “dad” consists of these letters. You don't need to learn the whole alphabet - go straight to practice! With this technique, children of five / six years old quickly learn to read.

Important! When the baby has mastered words from repeated syllables (pa-pa, ma-ma, ba-ba), you can begin to learn compound words from several unequal syllables.

Reading books

When the baby has mastered the letter in cubes, you can proceed to reading the book. The book should be bright, colorful, with large letters: so that a child of five / six years old does not strain his eyesight. It is necessary to train the child to quickly find the familiar syllables “ma”, “pa”, “ba” and others in the book.

So that the baby does not lose the line, teach him to follow what is written with a pointer or finger: let him show what he is reading about. A big mistake is to read all the words together at once. The kid learns to sing syllables and begins to sing all the words he read in a row, without making semantic pauses. Break the habit and explain that you need to take a break between words.

It is advisable to purchase several books with different fonts. It often happens that a child of five / six years old quickly loses the ability to recognize letters written in a different font. Explain that letters can be written large or small, straight or oblique.

If you present information correctly, a child from the age of five will learn to read any text.

1. Buy at the bookstore the best technique to quickly teach a child of five / six years to read.
2. Set aside a special time for reading and stick to a strict schedule - this will help your baby instill organization skills.
3. Start each new lesson by repeating the material of the previous lesson - this will allow the baby to feel confident in his knowledge.
4. Remember that the child's attention is not stable, and for more than 15-20 minutes he is unable to concentrate on learning to read by syllables.
5. Praise your child more for the smallest achievements - this will inspire him to learn to read.

In order for the baby to quickly master and memorize information, it is necessary to connect the educational material with practice.

For example, having learned the letter “A”, you need to ask the child to find it everywhere - on posters and shop signs when walking, in books and any other texts. The kid will be happy to play hide and seek with the letter “A” and enjoy finding it. A child of five / six years old should be taught in a relaxed playful way, attracting his interest in this process.

Important! Practice shows that at home you can quickly teach reading and counting to a child of five / six years old. The main thing is to be patient and find 10-15 minutes daily for this important activity.