At what age should a child know colors?

At one and a half to two years old, the child already distinguishes colors visually well. Between two and three years When the child begins to speak, it makes sense to start learning the names of colors.

How to teach a child to distinguish colors?

simple and effective method- focus on colors Everyday life. While walking, playing, reading - pay attention to colors. Start with the most basic, avoiding shades. While playing with your child, note that the car is blue, the cube is yellow, the ball is red. Ask him to give you one or another object of a certain color. V game form you can start looking in the room for all the green objects.

What will help you learn colors?

colorful cubes, Balloons, crayons, colored paper or cardboard, pencils, developing books. With older children (about 4 years old and older), you can paint coloring pages with felt-tip pens.

Anything else?

Take care of your child regularly. Gently correct his mistakes, celebrate his successes with praise. Be patient and success will not be long in coming.

Rainbow colors for kids

The rainbow is an incredibly beautiful natural phenomenon. It looks like a multi-colored arc made up of colors (from the outer edge: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). These are the seven colors that are usually distinguished in the rainbow in Russian culture. Below are illustrative pictures for teaching a child the main colors.

The order of the flowers is easy to remember with the help of a mnemonic phrase: " TO every O hotnik well does h nat, G de With goes f azan. There are other options: TO ak O once F ak- h vonar G orodskoy With broke f onar. ( TO ak O once F en W vonar G tin WITH carried F onar)" and " TO from O slu, well irafu, h aike G blue With sewed f ufayki." In these sentences, each first letter in a word denotes the initial letter of a color.

rainbow colors cards

A poem about colors

I'm in my grandmother's garden
I will find a lot of red:
It's a red raspberry
Nearby - red viburnum,
And ripened at the fence
Two handsome tomatoes.

orange apricot
It grew on a tree.
Growing up, mature
And I ate it.

These are yellow chickens.
Look, they're running somewhere.
It can be seen that mom is in the yard
I found a worm in the grass.

Here are the green frogs
And green grass.
On the swamp at the edge
Heard a friendly "qua-qua!".

In summer the sky above you
Blue-blue!
Bells underneath
Let's paint it blue.

Blue balloon over the track
Flies into the clouds.
Wave your hand to him:
- Goodbye! Till!

Eggplant lies on the bed -
Purple barrel.
And inside the sweet plum
The worm settled.

This article contains games aimed at mastering the child's color range. In addition to games, it is recommended to pronounce the names of colors with the child during the day, paying attention to what blue sky or white and fluffy snow is today. Name the color of clothes, shoes, fruits. In the process of activity, the child naturally masters the color scheme.

Observation of the natural richness of colors contributes to the development of your child's attention, observation and sophisticated color perception. After all, the sky is different every day, morning and evening, before a thunderstorm and after a rain; extraordinarily rich coloration autumn leaves, and the summer riot of color is amazing.

Collect couples

Required inventory: several pairs of geometric shapes cut out of colored paper. The pair must be pieces of the same color.

◈ Shuffle the figures and ask the child to sort them into pairs based on color and shape.

Collect by color

Required inventory: 5 groups of geometric shapes. Each includes figures of the same color, but different shapes.

◈ Shuffle the elements of the groups and ask the child to choose all the shapes of the same color.

Cube lost

Required inventory: 4 cubes of different colors.

◈ Invite your child to build a tower or a house. During the game, hide one die. Pay attention to the child that the cubes have become smaller. Ask what color cube is missing.

◈ Complicating the task, increase the number of cubes, expand the color range; hide two, three cubes.

Cleaning

The game helps to break fine motor skills of classifying objects by color.

Required inventory: basket or bucket, objects of different colors.

◈ Lay toys, pencils and other things on the floor beforehand. Explain to the child that now you will walk around the room and collect all the yellow (red, blue, etc.) items in the basket.

◈ When looking for objects, consult with the baby: “Is this a yellow pencil? Will we take it?"

◈ Pick up a thing of a different color and try to have the child explain to you that you are wrong.

Building a tower

The game contributes to the development of motor skills, skills of classification, counting, comparison

Required inventory: cubes of two colors.

◈ Invite the child to build two towers of different colors, having previously sorted the cubes. In the process of building, deliberately make mistakes by choosing the wrong color cubes.

What kind of car is this and how expensive

The game promotes the development of attention, helps to study the color range

◈ Draw several cars in different colors.

◈ Ask your child to color the paths below them. The color of the track must match the color of the car.

Pick up a thread

The game helps to master the color scheme, develops the skills of matching objects

◈ Draw balloons in different colors. Ask your child to draw ropes of a suitable color to them.

Pictures in numbers

The game contributes to the development of colors, helps the study of numbers

Required inventory: paper, colored pencils.

◈ Draw a simple drawing with a simple or black pencil. Arrange the numbers inside the contours so that each has its own color. A matching column can be drawn alongside.

◈ For example, we draw a tree in a meadow: 1 corresponds to brown (tree trunk), 2 to green (tree crown, grass), 3 - yellow(sun), 4 - blue (sky).

◈ Color the picture with your child.

◈ Start with simple drawings and a few numbers. Gradually expand the color range. Instead of numbers, you can use any symbols.

For a long time I have promised to write an article about how to teach a child to distinguish colors and about how we did it with Taisiya. Judging by the number of questions that come to me, this topic interests many mothers. This is not surprising, because the knowledge of colors is an integral part of sensory development baby. Acquaintance with color significantly expands the child's understanding of the world, allows him to classify all the surrounding objects in another way - by color. In addition, the ability to distinguish colors opens up a new layer of interesting educational games for the child.

When does a child begin to distinguish colors?

Experts say that for a child, the world acquires colors already during the first 3-4 months of life. Indeed, a child can pay attention to contrasting patterns, react differently to rattles. different colors, but it is, of course, too early to talk about the conscious separation of colors at this age. The ability to find a certain color among the rest, and even more so to name colors, appears in the baby much later, not earlier than 1-1.5 years . Well, the exact timing depends solely on whether you will pay attention to the study of flowers with your child.

You can name colors during games with a baby for up to a year, there will be no harm from this. Well, after a year, you can introduce special "color" games, which will be discussed in this article. These games are also suitable for kids 2-3 years old who are still confused in the names of colors.

Readiness of the child to memorize the names of colors can be very easy to check. When playing with cubes (constructor, balls in a dry pool ...), take, for example, a red cube and ask the baby to find exactly same, same. If the child understood you and coped with the task, it can be argued that he distinguishes colors and is ready to learn their names.

Learning colors during everyday games and walks

Generally speaking, I am convinced that in order to teach a child to distinguish between primary colors, there is not much need for special classes, it is enough just to call colors regularly during your usual games. - be sure to pronounce the colors of pencils, build from cubes, a designer or a mosaic - also do not forget to remember the shades of details. The same applies to dressing, walking, and other your favorite activities - in a conversation, constantly name the colors of the objects around you and play materials.

Just remember that “learning colors” does not mean at all that you need to constantly examine the child “Tell me what color it is”, “Show me where the red is”, etc. A child, like any other person, is not too fond of being given a knowledge test, so at first just name the colors and answer your own questions “Where is our yellow cube? Here it is!" "Let's draw grass with a green pencil."

How to teach a child to distinguish colors? Games

In "sorting" games, the child is required to divide objects into groups, focusing on their color, but you are required to repeat the names of the colors so that they are deposited in the head of the baby. What can be sorted? Here are some game options:

You can make a color sorter out of any unnecessary box, just glue the box with colored paper and make a few cuts. Mosaic details, multi-colored paper clips, buttons, etc. can be pushed into the slot. Our sorter is made from a tea box and mosaic pieces. They sometimes meet ready-made options.

• We lay out toys and other small household items on the floor and invite the baby to sort them into boxes of the appropriate color. Instead of boxes, you can prepare big leaf paper with multi-colored sections. Our game was much more dynamic when we distributed the colored sections between Taisiya and her favorite toy. For example, Tasya selected all the red items, and the Masha doll selected the yellow ones.

• We find a mother hen for each testicle, focusing on color.

We put all the testicles in a cut plastic cup attached to the chicken.

You can come up with a huge number of color sorting options, all of them cannot be listed here. You can arrange multi-colored butterflies into flowers, fruits and vegetables into baskets, and settle multi-colored animals into houses ... By the way, in Piggy bank games from readers there are still good ones.

2. Games from the series "Pick up a couple"

Games from the category "Pick up a couple" are well applicable to the study of colors. You can choose covers for houses, caps for gnomes or clowns, a dwelling for colorful people, etc.

You can try this version of the game: lay out the wrong version in front of the baby in advance and ask him to correct the mistakes.

3. Color lotto

Games based on the principle of loto become interesting for children at about a year old. Of course, while the kids do not play according to adult rules, they simply pick up cards to the playing field with pictures.

In the color lotto, on each playing field, the pictures have only one color. (An example of a colored loto can be DOWNLOAD HERE ). Therefore, in order to collect such a lotto, the child needs to select cards of a given color from the rest and place them correctly on the field.

In a more complicated version, you can use 2-3 playing fields at the same time, as well as learn how to compare color and black and white images, as in the game « Gnomes and houses» (Ozone, My shop, read) from the "School of the Seven Dwarfs".

4. "Colored" days

This method of getting to know color is now very popular. It consists in the fact that within one day (and some even stretch this pleasure for a whole week), the child very often "comes across" the same color, regularly hears its name and, accordingly, quickly remembers. So, on Red Day, you and your baby can dress up in red clothes, find all the red toys, and even eat red fruits and vegetables. Of course, all this time you will remind the child of what color you meet on the way. Here is a sample list of what you can do on a “color” day:

Together with the baby, we look at pre-selected toys of the color being studied;

• We put on clothes of appropriate tones;
• We pass around the apartment in search of toys and other objects of the studied color;
• On a walk, we look for cars of the color we need;
• We play with color;

• We consider a book or cards with pictures of the color we need ( download sample cards);

• We play a lotto of a given color (see above);
• We include in the menu the products of the studied color (For example, for red day suitable: berries, tomatoes, red apples, pomegranates; for green : grapes, green olives, lettuce, peas, green apples, green beans, kiwi, avocado; for yellow : banana, corn, yellow apples, lemon, butter, cheese, pineapple; for white : rice, cottage cheese, semolina, milk; for orange : carrot, apricot, pumpkin, orange)

5. Cards Doman "Colors"

To be honest, I think that learning colors by is the easiest and at the same time the most effective method, especially if it is not about too "running" tones. Doman classes require a minimum of effort and time, and colors are almost guaranteed to be remembered, especially if the kid has already had experience interacting with cards before. Just remember, so that in a month the learned colors do not fly out of the child’s head, their names are necessary. consolidate through other games (sort by color, play lotto, etc.).

What is more important: learn only those shades that you yourself distinguish and whose names you are really ready to use in your games and conversations. Do not get carried away with sets like "100 Flowers" from "Clever". What is the point of teaching, for example, a purple hue, if, having met it in life, you yourself will most likely call it purple. It will only confuse the child.

My daughter and I started studying colors from cards at the age of 1 year 4 months (by that time Tasya already knew and showed four primary colors). Over the course of a few days, we memorized 14 more colors using cards (total 18 in our arsenal) and began to mention their names in our games. I can assure those who are skeptical about Doman's method that Taisia ​​has not forgotten any of the colors studied then!

Read more about the Doman methodology and the principles of classes. "Colored" cards can be DOWNLOAD HERE and buy HERE.

6. Board games

After 2-2.5 years, to consolidate knowledge about colors, you can use board games. For example, a good option:

(Ozone, My shop) and its analogue - game "Shapes" I have written about them before.

Educational cartoons

Educational cartoons can be a good help in learning colors. A couple of cartoons on this topic:

Books

Don't forget about books too. In a poetic and artistic form, you can read about colors, for example, in the “Colorful Book” Marshak, or in Suteev's story "Rooster and Paints" (usually published in Suteev's collections).

By the first 2 - 3 months of life, a child begins to distinguish red. This is due to the fact that cones (special elements of the retina of the eye) that are sensitive to the long-wavelength part of the light spectrum are the first to start working.

At 1 year old, a baby can distinguish 3 simple colors - red, yellow, blue and 1 complex - green. However, it is still difficult to check what exactly a one-year-old peanut sees. In each case, everything depends on the development of speech and thinking.

It is actively worth starting to study colors with a 1-year-old baby, but children can remember and distinguish only from 2 to 3 years old, when an active cognitive interest appears.

How to teach a child to distinguish colors?

There are many ways to teach a child about colors.

• for toddlers aged 2 and younger occupation should be carried out unobtrusively, in a playful way, stopping at the first sign of fatigue, switching attention. It is worth using for training objects that have one or another required color;
• at the age of 3, when interest in fairy tales awakens, and vocabulary and spatial thinking grows, it is worth reading and telling stories, poems and works, stopping at the description, trying not to deviate from the main plot. For example: the dress was on the princess Pink colour, a green Christmas tree grew near the house, the wind dispelled the blue cloud;
• at 4 years old, try to have the child tell something and try to describe it in a specific color. To do this, ask him leading questions.

6 ways to learn colors with a child

Method number 1."Awakening Creativity"

We learn to distinguish colors with the help of paints, plasticine, felt-tip pens and pencils. You can start training in 1 - 2 years. The paint must be non-toxic and wash well.

In babies, freshly squeezed beet or berry juice can be used as a dye. It is safe, but stains from it are difficult to remove.

Initially, the parent will have to draw.

• clearly and clearly pronounce what color you draw;
• allow the child to draw a couple of lines or completely paint over a sheet of paper;
• make sure that the child does not eat paints, felt-tip pens or pencils;
• do not start learning the next color until the baby begins to confidently name the previous one.

Wax pencils are used with caution, as children often gnaw them, scratch them with their nails and try to put them in their ears or nose.

Method number 2."Finishing the picture"

The study of colors is passive. This method is used in children over 4 years old, as certain mental skills are required. It is necessary to draw a picture in which something is missing. For example, the sun - rays, a hare - an ear, a hedgehog - needles.

The child is offered several pencils. The essence of the task is for the kid to distinguish colors and choose the right one to complete the drawing. As you get older, the picture becomes more complex with more details.

Method number 3.

A modern teaching method that allows parents not to bother their heads too much. It will help to learn colors and check previously studied material. Combines everything with songs, poems and riddles.

Usually, at least 1 light filter is built into each toy, the main purpose of which is to attract the attention of the child.

Be sure to read the instructions carefully before use. Take an interest in the material from which the light filter and the toy itself are made.

The age recommended for modes in which we study colors ranges on average from 1.5 to 2 years, although it can be used by older children. In the case of the presence of small parts and collapsible structures, those who are already 3 years old are allowed to play with an interactive toy.

Method number 4."Sorting"

The method is good for children 3 - 4 years old. It is necessary to ask the baby to arrange all his toys into several sorting piles depending on the color. If the child is small, then the first time, or even two, an example of sorting by color scheme will be carried out by the parent.

Do not worry, children learn quickly enough, and they even like this type of sorting. Another item that kids love to sort is scraps of fabric. So-called sorter toys are currently popular, which help to learn colors and shapes.

Ask the child playing with them additional questions, specify what color this or that element that needs to be inserted should be.

Method number 5."Color Day"

Children at 4 years old love to play on the color day. The essence of the method is to find objects of a certain color during the day. In the morning you demonstrate the color, during the day the child in your presence tries to find, see and show the object of the color that you have thought of.

Summarize at the end of the day. You can come up with a reward system. The method is good because it develops mindfulness and allows you to occupy the child.

Method number 6

The method is good for mothers using slings, ergo backpacks, or walking with a child in their arms. Mom tells the baby everything that she sees herself, actively describing the color of objects or phenomena that she sees, attracting the attention of the baby.

It is believed that although they begin to study colors at a more conscious age, certain semantic bundles are formed in the child’s memory, allowing them to speed up the learning process in the future.

Diseases in which it is impossible to learn colors with a child

It is worth remembering that if a child at 4 years old does not distinguish colors, cannot remember what seems elementary, wants to learn, but cannot recognize one, two or even three colors, do not scold him, but consult an ophthalmologist.

There is a hereditary disease of color blindness, in which color recognition is impaired, so such a developmental activity, how to teach a child to distinguish colors, will have to be left for a while.

Using the Rabkin tables, and then a certain light filter, the doctor can establish a violation of sensitivity to 1, 2 or even all 3 primary colors. It is impossible to cure the anomaly at this stage of the development of medicine. However, for children and adults, glasses with specially made lenses that work as a light filter have been proposed.

Glasses are made specially, depending on the existing violation of sensitivity. The light filter can be red, blue, green, and also combining both 2 and 3 shades.

There is a wealth of information out there about how to study colors with young children, as well as the methods themselves. And this is absolutely not surprising! All kids are different. And what works for one kid doesn't mean it will work for other kids as well. Therefore, there are many methods. And they all deserve attention.

Of course, it is impossible to tell about all the methods within the framework of one article. Therefore, what is described below is, albeit a small, but very popular selection from the entire variety presented.

How to learn colors with a child and at what age can this be done quickly?

In most cases, the readiness of babies to learn colors manifests itself at the age of 1.5 to 3 years.

And, before you start learning the basic colors with the crumbs, it is recommended to conduct a small but very simple test.

It is necessary to prepare in advance didactic materials» — a lot of items of the same shape and size, but different in color (buttons, designer elements, cubes, multi-colored sweets — dragees, etc.). Then the child is invited to disassemble these objects into separate groups with one characteristic feature. If the baby can easily sort these objects by color, then he is ready to perceive and study colors.

Techniques for learning colors with preschool children

• Glen Doman Method

Glen Doman is a well-known personality in the world of pedagogy. The methods he proposed comprehensive development intelligence in children preschool age used widely and massively. Babies who are trained according to the Doman method, in most cases, differ intellectual development from peers who are not familiar with the Doman school.

One of the directions of the technique is the study of colors and shades.

The essence of the study is that the baby is shown colored cards, loudly and clearly pronouncing the names of the colors. Showing one card should take no more than 2 seconds. There should be about 10 such "color" sessions daily, until the baby independently begins to correctly name the colors.

• Maria Montessori Method

M. Montessori is a talented and successful teacher. Its essence pedagogical system is that a child should never be forced to do anything. According to the Montessori system, the baby needs to be interested in such a way that he himself wants to learn something new. And for this, all training is carried out in the form of a game.

The task of the teacher is to watch his ward all the time, choosing the most opportune moment for the lesson, the duration of which should be no more than three minutes.

To study according to the M. Montessori method, you will need colored boards or cards. There should be as many colors and shades as will allow the baby not only to learn, but also to learn to identify them on the basis of "darker - lighter" and "light - lighter - the lightest."

During the lesson, it is proposed to choose from paired objects (cards, cubes, boards) objects of the same color. And when the child has already learned the basic colors, he is offered to distribute them according to tones and shades.

• Friedrich Fröbel's technique

Friedrich Wilhelm Fröbel is a 19th century German educator. The first to develop and implement the idea kindergarten. Just like in the Montessori system, the methodology is based on child development lies the game in any of its forms.

According to the Froebel method, it is necessary to study the color palette from infancy.

To do this, you need to prepare multi-colored plain balls or balls with a rope attached to each of them. The material of the balls should be soft, and they themselves should be small in shape. The ideal option according to Froebel, a ball knitted from woolen threads is considered.

During the game, such a ball is shown to the baby and its shade is called.

The rope is needed so that the ball can be swung in different directions with the obligatory pronunciation aloud the direction of its movement: up and down, right and left, forward and backward. Thus, in addition to color, the child also learns spatial characteristics.

Another exercise with the same balls allows you to introduce the child to such concepts as affirmation and denial. To do this, it is enough to place the ball in the palm of your hand, and then hide it in a fist, accompanying this simple “trick” with the comments “There is a ball. And now he’s gone,” etc.

Getting to know color from children's books

• Olesya Zhukova, “Drawing with fingers”

This book is intended for the smallest "artists". And you can draw right in it! The book contains a wide variety of drawing tasks: from simple to complex. And it is also extremely useful, because it allows the baby not only to have a lot of fun, but also to train fine motor skills, at the same time learn colors and their names.

• Steph Hinton, Colors + Stickers

This book allows you to explore the most common colors in a playful way. Interesting tasks are provided here: games, reading, sticking stickers. Studying with this manual, the child learns to distinguish between shapes and shades. In addition, there is an opportunity to get the skill of the very first reading.

• Anna Goncharova, Enya and Elya. Learning Colors »

In this good book, it is proposed to study the color palette in poetic form and in the form interesting tasks by completing which, the child will learn the lesson received even better.

• Felicity Brooks, "My first words. Playing and learning colors

This is not so much a fascinating and informative book for kids as a great toy book. The book invites you to take part in a real children's adventure and conduct "scientific" experiments right on the pages of the book!

• Cordier Severin, Badreddin Dolphin, “I know the world. Colors"

On the pages of this book, the child gets acquainted not only with colors, but also with their different shades. But, besides this, the book is also an excellent tool for the development of the baby's speech, because it contains a huge number of plot images that the child will be happy to discuss!

• Anastasyan Satenik, "Learning colors and counting"

The book is intended for the youngest readers. Studying on it, the kid will not only learn the shades, but also get the skills of simple counting up to 10. This book has bright and entertaining illustrations, and all tasks are presented in the form of an exciting game.

Learning by playing

Insofar as best form learning a child is a game, then it is best to learn the color palette during the game. There are plenty of forms and methods for this. The limitation can only be the complete lack of imagination in an adult. Below are some simple examples of how you can explore shades with your child.

1. Colorful walk

Very simple and addictive game! In order to start it, you just need to go outside.

How to play?

• Before you go outside, choose one color with your child.
• After leaving the house, invite the baby to find and show you as many objects painted in the selected shade as possible. Agree in advance how exactly you need to find items of the right color in order for the “round” to be considered completed.
• After the "round" is completed, repeat the game, but with a different shade.
• In order to complicate the task and add excitement, play with your child at speed: whoever finds the right number of items correctly first is the winner.

2. Missing die

In order to play this game, you will need 4 dice, which, of course, must be of different colors.

• The first thing to do is to start building a tower from the available cubes. In the process of this work, you need to quietly take and hide one cube nearby. And be sure to tell the child that the cubes are not enough. Ask your child what color the missing element was. If the baby answered incorrectly, the correct name is announced to him, the missing part is returned “to the construction site”, and everything is repeated again until the child gets tired of this activity.
• To complicate the task, the number of cubes in the game increases, there are more colors, and cubes disappear in the amount of 2-3 pieces.

3. Building a tower

Before starting construction, they agree with the child that 2 towers should be built from cubes or LEGO blocks of different colors - first one color, then another.

During construction, it is required to deliberately take a part of the “wrong” color. The child must notice this “mistake” and correct it.

4. We select the rope

Several are drawn on paper. balloons different color. The child is invited to determine what color each ball has and pick up (paint on) a rope of the same color for it.

How to learn colors with a child - it's up to each parent to decide! There are a huge number of methods and ways of studying.

The main thing is to choose the right one and efficient way studying with your child.