On November 19, the world community celebrates International Men's Day. At the beginning this official holiday in honor of the representatives of the stronger sex was introduced in the United States in the 60s of the last century, but then it "did not take root." Later, since 1999, International Men's Day began to be celebrated in Tobago and Trinidad, after which the traditions of its celebration began to spread around the world. TO African country residents of North America, Asia, Australia and Europe also joined.

Also on November 19, the name day of Alexander, Arseny, Anatoly, Victor, Vasily, German, Gabriel, Claudius, Nikolai, Nikita, Nina and Seraphim is celebrated.

This men's holiday appeared as an analogue international day women, because men - for all their strength - also need care, warmth and attention. Gradually, gender discrimination began to level out, and to a certain extent, thanks to such a holiday, there was an excellent opportunity to appreciate the role of the representatives of the male half of humanity in the family, its indispensable participation in the upbringing of children, which is of great importance.

November 19 - Day of rocket troops and artillery

This memorable day was established to commemorate the great merits of artillery and in the fight as a sign of victory over the German invaders in the battle of Stalingrad. The holiday was established in 1944. At first it was called the Day of Artillery, and 20 years later it was renamed the Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery.

Artillery is one of the most important births troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On November 19, the merits of the military can be appreciated by the public, since it is customary to organize demonstration parades, exercises and shooting in honor of this holiday.

November 19 - Glass Industry Worker's Day

On November 19, glass industry workers celebrate their professional holiday. This date coincides with the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov, who created one of the recipes for obtaining glass for mosaic art.

It is also worth noting that the first glass was obtained more than five thousand years ago. Despite its rather rich history, the glass industry began to develop only at the end of the 19th century, and sheet glass itself appeared already in the 20th century.

November 19 - World Toilet Day

World Toilet Day is one of the most original holidays. November 19 was established as World Toilet Day during an international conference held in Singapore in 2001.

Celebration world day toilet was first held in 2002. Since that time, this date has been celebrated in many countries of the world every year.

Representatives of various continents - North America, Asia and Europe, who were part of national toilet organizations, participated in a large environmental forum. As a result of the conference, some normative acts were adopted. Including the World Toilet Organization was established. Its newly minted members became the initiators of holding such a peculiar holiday.

In this article, you will learn about holidays that you have never even heard of. Some may even seem rather strange.

What international holidays do we celebrate?

international men's day

The very first time such a holiday was celebrated in 1999 by the inhabitants of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, an island nation in the southern part of caribbean. Then this day moved to other countries and found support there too.

These include: the Caribbean, Australia, North America, Europe and Asia. The very idea of ​​holding the event was voiced back in the 1960s. Then there was a proposal to celebrate International Men's Day on February 23. Only here the matter did not go beyond the proposal. And after 30 years, they still decided to introduce it.

In the early 90s, at the initiative of Professor Thomas Oaster, who was the head of the Center for Men's Studies, the holiday found its recognition. Initially, only Malta supported the professor's idea.

today's international holiday was initiated by Jerome Tiluxingh of the University of the West Indies. He decided to create a holiday that would emphasize the role of men in society and the family. The purpose of the event is to draw attention to gender discrimination of men in determining the importance of their role in the upbringing of children and in the family.

world toilet day

The progressive world community in 2002 celebrated World Toilet Day for the first time. Such a holiday can be called one of the most original. The day was chosen as World Toilet Day in 2001 when an international conference was held in Singapore.

It was devoted to the problems of the toilet. To date, it can be found that about 40% of the population do not have the opportunity to celebrate their natural needs in designated areas. As part of the holiday, various events are held that attract the attention of the public.

Russian holidays November 19

Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery in Russia

According to the presidential decree of 2006, we are celebrating the Day of the Russian Missile Forces. Such a day is celebrated in commemoration of the merits of artillery in the defeat of the Nazi invaders near Stalingrad.

Previously, such a holiday was celebrated on November 1, 1988. it has existed since the official emergence of the Armed Forces. The main tasks of such troops are: defeating the enemy's means of a nuclear attack, capturing and holding the enemy's fire superiority, disorganizing command and control systems of troops and weapons, and so on.

Day of the glass industry worker in Russia

This holiday is professional and has been celebrated since 2000. On this day, M.V. was born. Lomonosov. Lomonosov was the creator of the chemical production of glaze, porcelain and glass.

He was also able to develop a recipe for colored glass - smalt. You can use such glass to create mosaic paintings. To date, the Russian glass industry is represented by about ten operating plants. They produce glass, and the five largest of them account for about 90% of the country's production.

From 2000 to 2010, the glass industry, according to experts, developed quite well. And despite the crisis, the volumes of own production were doubled.

Other holidays of the world

Day of workers of the hydrometeorological service of Ukraine

Such a holiday is celebrated every year on November 19 by decree of the President of the country. The meteorological service was founded in 1921 in Ukraine. and in 1929 merged with the Hydrological Service.

In independent Ukraine in the 90s, the Ukurei Hydrometeorological Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations became the main meteorological organization.

Each year, such organizations issue about 275,000 forecasts and warnings. Throughout its existence, the service has managed to grow and maintain its main wealth - highly educated professionals who are devoted to their work of enthusiasts. Many of them even received awards and departmental distinctions.

Holidays in the folk calendar November 19

Pavel Freeze

On such a day, one can commemorate St. Paul the Confessor, who was a bishop in Asia Minor. In those distant times, iconoclasts waged a fierce struggle against Christian shrines.

Paul, on the other hand, spoke out in defense, and later was subject to persecution. In our country, St. Paul is considered the intercessor of the sailors of the Russian fleet. But they called him Freeze because they thought that on his day in lakes and rivers the water was frozen with ice. In this regard, the peasants began to look at the weather and had their own beliefs.

Birthdays November 19

Alexandra, Anatoly, Arseny, Vasily, Victor, Gabriel, German, Claudia, Konstantin, Nikita, Nikolai, Nina, Pavel and Seraphim.

Historical Significance November 19

• 1190 - Teutonic Order founded
• 1765 - The first drama theater was opened in Poland.
• 1819 - The Prado Museum in Madrid opens.
• 1824 - the largest flood in the history of St. Petersburg occurred.
• 1942 - the beginning of the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad.

Who was born on November 19

1. Mikhail Lomonosov 1711 - the first Russian natural scientist, founder of Moscow State University.
2. Ivan Kruzenshtern 1770 - Russian navigator, admiral.
3. Efim Putyatin 1804 - Russian statesman, admiral and diplomat.
4. James Abram Garfield 1831 - 20th President of America.
5. Mikhail Kalinin 1875 - Soviet politician.
6. José Capablanca 1888 - Cuban chess player, world champion and chess theorist.
7. Indira Gandhi 1917 - Indian politician and statesman.
8. Emil Braginsky 1921 - Soviet and Russian playwright, screenwriter and writer.
9. Yuri Knorozov 1922 - Soviet linguist who deciphered Maya writings.
10. Calvin Klein 1942 - maternal fashion designer, founder of the famous company.

Today, November 19, 2017, they also celebrate the Day of Missile Forces and Artillery, International Men's Day and other events.

November 19, 2017 is celebrated folk holiday Pavel Ledostav. The Church on this day remembers St. Paul, Confessor, Patriarch of Constantinople. The people called this day Freeze-up because of the fact that the frost fettered rivers and lakes with ice to Pavel.

According to legend, St. Paul lived in Asia Minor in the city of Prusias. When Patriarch Alexander was dying, he was asked about who to appoint to the See of Constantinople. He pointed to Paul and the deacon Macedonia. During the Council, a dispute broke out about the new patriarch, but Paul was elected by a majority of votes.

At that time, the reigning emperor Constantius was in another city and was not present during the discussion of the candidacy. Returning, he expressed his dissatisfaction with the fact that the patriarch was elected without his consent. Paul was deposed and cast out. The Arian Eusebius was appointed the saint.

When Eusebius died, Paul returned to Constantinople, where he was received by the flock, but the emperor Constantius expelled him again, the website writes. Then the western co-emperor interceded for him, writing a formidable letter to the lord. This worked, and Paul was elevated to the patriarchal throne.

Soon the Western emperor, the protector of Christians, was treacherously killed, and Paul was again expelled. Exiled to Armenia (the city of Kukuz), he did not stop preaching. In 350, during the celebration of the Divine Liturgy, he was attacked by the Arians and strangled with an omophorion.

On this day, the peasants are preparing for winter ice fishing.

According to signs, if the ice is smooth, then the future harvest will fail, and if it snows on Pavel Freeze, then the winter will be snowy.

Windless weather portends an early frost, and a scarlet dawn portends snow or rain.

November 19 is traditionally celebrated as the Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery. In Russia, this holiday is fixed by the Decree of the President of the country V. Putin dated May 31, 2006 No. 549 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

International Men's Day is celebrated annually on November 19th. The purpose of the holiday is to recognize the important role of men in the family and society and to draw society's attention to gender discrimination and the problem of gender inequality.

For the first time on November 19, International Men's Day was celebrated in Trinidad and Tobago in 1999. The initiator of the celebrations was Dr. Jerome Tiluxingh of the University of the West Indies, who chose his father's birthday as the date of celebration.

World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims is observed annually on the third Sunday of November. It is not a public holiday in Russia, however the country supports promotions associated with the date. In 2017, the event falls on November 19th. The honors were established by the Resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) dated October 26, 2005 No. A / RES / 60 / 5 “Improving security traffic worldwide".

The day of the glass industry worker is celebrated in Russia annually on November 19, starting from 2000. In 2017, it is celebrated for the 18th time.

The date of the event is symbolic meaning. On November 19, 1711, the well-known M.V. Lomonosov. It was he who, starting from October 1748, began to conduct chemical research and experiments with silicates. Thanks to his activities, the technology of colored glass was developed, which the scientist applied in the melting of colored glass and the creation of products from it (mosaic paintings).

1190 - The Teutonic Order is founded.

1493 Columbus discovered Puerto Rico on his second voyage to the New World.

1891 - The first toy railroad is sold.

1949 - Prince Rainier III of Monaco is crowned.

1969 - American spaceship Apollo 12, piloted by astronauts Charles Conrad, Alan Bean and Richard Gordon, landed on the moon.

2004 - the biggest fight in the history of American sports between the NBA clubs "Detroit Pistons" and "Indiana Pacers".

2009 - terrorist attack in Peshawar (Pakistan). The explosion near the courthouse killed 18 and injured 44 people.

1600 - Charles I Stewart, King of England (died 1649).

1831 - James Abram Garfield, 20th President of the United States (died 1881)

1839 - Emil Skoda, Czech engineer, founder of the Škoda engineering plant (died 1900).

1921 - Emil Braginsky, screenwriter (died 1998)

1961 - Meg Ryan, American actress and producer

1962 - Jodie Foster, American actress

1988 - Patrick Kane, American ice hockey player, three-time Stanley Cup winner.

Every day of the year means a celebration of certain events. Therefore, today we will find out which holiday on November 19 is usually celebrated in Russia and abroad. Moreover, we will take not only generally accepted events, but also celebrations that are celebrated according to the Church calendar. And of course, we will not forget to mention the most significant events of this day, as well as which celebrities were born on November 19th.

International holidays

First, we will look at those celebrations or events that are usually celebrated at the international level, including in Russia.

Men's Day

Do not confuse this day with February 23rd. And just remember that men now have 2 whole days dedicated to them. The first time it was solemnly celebrated in 1999 on the island of the Caribbean Sea in the countries of Tobago and Trinidad. Then he was supported by the rest of the Caribbean, the United States, Australia, Europe, Asia, including the UN.

The idea of ​​celebrating International Men's Day has been in discussions for 30 years. And only in the 90s, when the issue of drawing the attention of the world to gender discrimination of men playing important role in the upbringing of children and the family, it was decided to establish such a holiday. The date was chosen by Jerome Tiluxingh, a doctor from the University of the West Indies, in honor of his exemplary father.

On this day, processions are organized throughout the civilized world, peaceful demonstrations are held and television programs are broadcast that talk about the significant role of men in society. To date, this holiday is celebrated in more than 60 countries around the world.

toilet day

It's funny, but it turns out that such holidays exist on our vast planet. For the first time, the celebration of such a day was announced in 2002 at an international conference in Singapore. Experts who came from many countries of the world considered development issues toilet production shared their methods in organizing sanitation and latrines.

Today, on toilet day, various activities are carried out in countries to improve sanitation and public places. So even the toilet deserves its triumph.

Holidays celebrated in Russia on November 19

In our country, it is also not complete without some kind of celebration on this day.

Rocket and Artillery Festival

This date was chosen in memory of the destruction of the Germans near Stalingrad. It was the start of the attack Soviet army(November 19, 1942), when exactly the artillery took over the main role. First, in 1944, the Day of Artillery was officially approved, and since 1964 it was renamed the Day of the Rocket Forces, as well as Artillery. Today, the celebration takes place with demonstrative parades, exercises and shooting to show the whole world that our army is strong and stands at the forefront, protecting our Fatherland.

Day of the glass industry worker

The date of the professional holiday was combined with the birthday of M. V. Lomonosov. Despite the fact that glass products began to be made in Russia already in the 11th century, the Russian scientist Lomonosov developed a scientific approach for establishing the production of glass, porcelain and glaze. On the day of the glazier, concerts, exhibitions and fairs of unique glass products are held at the enterprises of the glass industry. In addition, events for the exchange of experience between various enterprises are organized on November 19.

Holidays celebrated abroad

Of the foreign holidays, I would like to single out only Ukraine, because on November 19 they celebrate 2 celebrations at once. They are both professional.

Glassmaker's Day

As you may have noticed, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan celebrate the day of the glass industry worker. Here we are talking about glass manufacturers.

Day of the worker of the hydrometeorological service

This holiday is relatively young, and was officially adopted only in 2003. The then president, Leonid Kuchma, declared in his decree the importance of the hydrometeorological service.

Every year on this day it is customary to reward employees of the hydrometeorological sphere. thank you letters, prizes, gifts, awards and diplomas.

Church holidays that are celebrated on November 19

And now, let's see what holiday on November 19 is usually celebrated in church calendar. The Orthodox Church celebrates three celebrations. And now we will consider them in more detail.

Commemoration of Saint Paul, Patriarch of Constantinople

Saint Paul was elected to the patriarchate in 340, just at that time the Arian heresy began to spread actively. The Arian emperor Constantius illegally declared the patriarch deposed and twice expelled him from Constantinople. As a result, Saint Paul lived in Rome for many years. For the third time he was expelled from the capital to the city of Kutuz (Armenia). There he was awaited by martyrdom right during the service of the Divine Liturgy.

The relics of the holy confessor were first kept in Constantinople, and in 1326 they were brought to Venice (Rome). The Orthodox Church and all believers honor the memory of the holy confessor and every year on November 19 they commemorate him in their prayers.

Celebration of the memory day of Varlaam Khutynsky

The monk lived in the twelfth century. Being the son of a noble Novgorodian, Varlaam (he was called Alexei in the world) spent his childhood and youth with his parents, and then went to the Lisichansky Monastery (a few miles from Novgorod) and took monastic vows there. After settling in the Khutyn tract, the monk led an ascetic, austere life of labor and prayer. People who saw in the monk a great righteous man began to settle near his house in order to hear him guide and share the labors of life.

Over time, a church and a monastery were built on that site. And the Lord gave the Monk Barlaam the gift of clairvoyance and wonderworking.

Leaving his earthly life, Saint Barlaam invited the monk Anthony to him and handed over to him the care of the monastery and its servants. The Monk Varlaam of Khutyn is commemorated every year on November 19 in Orthodox churches at the Divine Liturgy.

Memorial Day of the Martyr Varlaam

The life of the saint, who lived in Syrian Antioch, falls on the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305), who went down in history as a merciless persecutor of Christians. Already at an advanced age, Saint Barlaam was put on trial for his faith in Christ. Wanting to receive a renunciation from the Christian, the judge placed the saint near the pagan altar and put a red-hot censer in his hand, hoping that the holy man would throw it on the altar, thus offering a sacrifice to the idol. But the martyr Varlaam held on to the censer until his hands were charred, after which he went to the Lord.

The memory of the martyrdom of Varlaam is celebrated in our Orthodox Church to this day at the Divine Liturgy on November 19.

Events that took place on November 19

Of course, we must not forget that a lot happened on November 19 important events. Let's look at some of the most important ones.

• In 1493, Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Puerto Rico.
• St. Petersburg on this day experienced the largest flood in its history. The water level rose above the ordinary by almost 4.15 m.
• The US spacecraft Apollo 12 lands on the moon in 1969.
• In 1942, Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive near Stalingrad.
• In 1987, a 1931 Bugatti Royale was bought at auction for a record price of $5.5 million.
• The Boeing 727 crash in Funchal occurred in 1977. Of the 164 people on board, 131 die.

Which celebrities were born on November 19

Naturally, any famous person could not be born on such a day. But we will not “walk” through all the Stars, but will highlight only the most famous celebrities who were born on November 19th.

• (1711) - natural scientist, historian, poet, artist and even philosopher. In general, a genius.
• Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern (1770) - the famous Russian navigator, admiral, man and steamer (as Matroskin said).
• Larry King (born 1933) is an American journalist and talk show host.
• Ted Turner (1938) - Founder of CNN.
• Calvin Klein (1942) is a famous trendsetter.
• Jodie Foster (1962) is a famous American actress.
• Meg Ryan (1961) is a famous American actress.
• Evgenia Medvedeva (1999) is a famous Russian figure skater, two-time world, European and Russian champion in 2016 and 2017. Silver medalist at the 2018 Olympics.

Be sure to check out the . There you will find many holiday dates and find out what holiday is celebrated on a particular day. All for now.

Day of the glass industry worker

November 19 is a professional holiday celebrated by workers in the glass industry. This date was not chosen by chance, it coincides with the birthday of the outstanding Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov, who created one of the glass recipes for mosaic paintings. In fairness, it should be noted that for the first time mankind received glass over five millennia ago. At the same time, despite the rather rich history of glass, the glass industry began to develop only at the end of the 19th century, sheet glass appeared in the 20th century.

Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery

In commemoration of the merits of the rocket troops and artillery in the fight against the German invaders near Stalingrad, November 19 was declared the Day of rocket troops and artillery in Russia. The holiday was established in 1944 and was called the Artillery Day, two decades later it was renamed the Day of the Rocket Forces and Artillery. Perhaps no one will argue with the fact that artillery is one of the most significant branches of the Armed Forces. Russian Federation. November 19 is the day when the merits of the military can be appreciated by the public, since it is customary to organize parades, demonstration exercises and shooting on the Day of the Missile Forces and Artillery.

international men's day

On November 19, the world community celebrates International Men's Day. For the first time, an official men's holiday was initiated in the United States of America in the distant 60s of the XX century, but "did not take root." Since 1999, it began to be celebrated in Trinidad and Tobago, then the traditions of its celebration began to spread around the planet, residents of Australia, North America, Asia and Europe joined the small African country. International Men's Day arose as an analogue of International Women's Day, because for all their strength, men also need attention, care and warmth. Gradually, gender discrimination began to level out, to some extent thanks to the holiday, it became possible to evaluate the role of a man in the family, his participation in the upbringing of children, which, of course, is important.

world toilet day

World Toilet Day is one of the most unusual holidays, it was first held in 2002 and since then has been celebrated annually in many countries around the world. The "appointment" of November 19 as World Toilet Day was decided during an international conference that took place in 2001 in Singapore. Representatives of different continents - Asia, North America and Europe, who were part of national toilet organizations, took part in a large environmental forum. During the conference, certain regulations were adopted, in particular, the World Toilet Organization was created, it was its newly minted members who initiated the holding of such unusual holiday like World Toilet Day.

November 19 in the folk calendar

Today by folk calendar Pavel Freeze.

Saint Paul the Confessor, whose Day is celebrated on November 19, was considered the intercessor of military sailors, it was he who should have prayed on this day, which was done by representatives of the Russian fleet. In 1797, the Church of St. Paul was consecrated in Russia, within the walls of which relics related to the history of the navy were collected and stored. It was not by chance that St. Paul's Day received the name Freeze, it was on November 19 that the first ice fettered the rivers and lakes. From the Icefall, the peasants gradually began to prepare for winter fishing, while it was too early to go out onto the river, the peasants were repairing gear. The condition of the ice on the rivers could determine what the harvest would be next year, for example: “If there are piles of ice, then there will be piles of bread. If it’s smooth, then the bread will be smooth.”

People's weather forecasters noticed that the snow on Pavel Ledostava foreshadowed a snowy winter, the absence of wind - an early frost. It was possible to judge the prospects and the condition of the animals, for example, if the horses on Icefall have a good appetite, you don’t have to worry that they will get sick in winter, good milk yields for a cow foreshadowed a lot of milk until spring.

Name day November 19

Alexandra- can become unbearable if she is the only child in the family. A girl with this name is active, has a positive attitude towards reading, is purposeful, can become successful person, for which others will reach out. Cleaning around the house is definitely not Alexandra's forte, she will find any reason to somehow avoid it. Appearance Alexandra can lead people who don’t know her to think that she is “on her own mind”, but the woman’s isolation is just a character trait, in Alexander’s soul she is a very sensitive, kind and fair person who will not allow herself to do something that contradicts the laws of conscience. Alexandra is a sexy woman, but she gets married late, because she is responsible for choosing a companion. She loves active sports and outdoor recreation, with her beloved husband she becomes an excellent housewife and loving mother.

Anatoly- a person is sociable and sociable, it is not difficult for him to find mutual language with other people, even if they are relatives of the wife. Anatoly is almost always the leader in the family, the wife is happy to cede this role to her husband with the name Anatoly, because he copes with it superbly. Judgment, poise and charm are the weapons with which Anatoly goes into battle if you want to win a woman. One of Tolik's main shortcomings is his addiction to alcoholic beverages, often because of an extra glass he can behave ugly and spoil the opinion of others about himself.

Arseniy- a very kind and open person. As a child, boys with that name adore animals; stray dogs and cats periodically appear in their house. Despite the sociability of Arseny, they do not call everyone a friend, this honor must be earned. However, if Arseny called you his friend, be sure that he will put his heart on the altar of friendship. Arsenii often choose a creative path, they make good writers, artists and even clergymen.

Basil- a person is not demanding and unbiased, he is almost always satisfied with everything in life, so there is no need to make drastic maneuvers. Vasily cannot be called an apathetic person, he always carefully fulfills his duties, whether at work or in the family, he is ready to help even an unfamiliar person in a difficult situation. In dealing with women, Vasily is a knight, and therefore has success with them.

Hermann- this is a copy of his own mother, both externally and internally. At the same time, it is quite difficult to be the husband of a person with that name, since he is not constant in relationships and affection is a rarity for him, but in friendship you can always rely on Herman.

Claudia- a calm and gentle woman who always treats her parents with reverence, the same fate awaits her husband and his parents. Claudia will never allow herself to humiliate or even make a petty remark to her husband in the presence of his colleagues or friends, with such a woman you can be calm for your family hearth.

Nina- a very ambiguous person, insanely stubborn and emotional, if something is not for her, Nina will definitely not be silent, she will break off relations. However, a woman with that name also has a lot of virtues - Nina is fair, she will always stand up for the weak, smart, purposeful, hardy, a good mother, in general, this list can be continued for quite some time.

November 19 were born

Mikhail Lomonosov(1711) - an outstanding Russian scientist who made many discoveries in the field of natural history, chemistry, physics, mathematics, mechanics and other fields. Lomonosov had considerable achievements in the field of literature, he was a prominent reformer under Catherine II, it was on his initiative that Moscow University was founded (1755), which today bears the name of Lomonosov.

Calvin Klein(1942) - the famous trendsetter, author of the legendary men's and women's coats ( woman coat PeaCoat - the squeak of fashion in the 1970s), fur products, Calvins designer jeans (recognized world classics). Author of several perfume lines. Winner of the title "America's Best Designer".

Indira Gandhi(1917) - an outstanding political figure, the head of India. She did not participate in military blocs and advocated the planned development of the economy. Under Indira Gandhi, the relationship between Soviet Union and India reached unprecedented prosperity.

Historical events November 19

November 19, 1190- During the Crusades in Palestine, the German Catholic spiritual and knightly Teutonic Order was founded. The order was under the authority of the Pope, its main goal was to help the German knights and fight against the enemies of the Catholic Church. Representatives of the Teutonic Order constantly made armed raids on the Baltic and Russian lands. A large feudal military-colonization state of the Teutonic Order was formed on the territory of the Baltic States, in the occupied territories local population exterminated, came immigrants from Germany. The Teutonic Order was defeated during the Battle of Grunwald (1410), the expansion of the Order was stopped.

November 19, 1819- The legendary Prado Museum, which is considered one of the world's largest art treasures, opened in Madrid. Currently, the pictorial collection of the Prado Museum includes more than 8600 paintings.

November 19, 1824- the largest flood in the history of St. Petersburg, reflected in the work of the great Russian writer Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, "The Bronze Horseman".