Memo for parents “What do they do with children in kindergarten. The child is crying in the kindergarten: what to do? Komarovsky: adaptation of the child in kindergarten. Psychologist's advice What to do with children in kindergarten

04.12.2019 Cytomegalovirus

Many parents are interested in the question of how kindergartens work in the summer, because not everyone has the opportunity to go on vacation or send their children out of town, to the sea, to visit relatives.

As a rule, less than half of the children stay in kindergartens for the summer, so at this time there is no need for the entire preschool staff to be present at work. July and August are the traditional vacation time for all employees preschool education In this regard, the schedule of the kindergarten may be adjusted. Some kindergartens completely stop working for 2 months (July and August), but at the same time, one kindergarten on duty should remain in each district, where parents can bring their children. In the summer, the teachers assigned to the group may change, and the composition of the children in the group is also unstable. Given these changes, child psychologists It is not recommended to start attending kindergarten in the summer months.

In summer weather, the daily routine changes slightly in kindergarten. Most of the time is devoted to walks and games on fresh air. In the morning, when parents bring the kids to the kindergarten, the teacher is waiting for them not in the group, but on the playground. When breakfast time comes, the guys go to the group, but after breakfast they go for a walk again. At lunchtime, when a particularly hot time reigns in the yard, the kids eat and go to bed. But already after an afternoon snack, they go for a walk, trying to stay in the shade of trees or play under a canopy on the playground.

It is recommended to dress children at this time of the year in light clothing from natural fabrics (linen, cotton). T-shirts, shorts, short skirts are ideal. You should definitely put on a scarf, cap or panama on your head, preferably in pastel shades, sewn from light natural fabrics. After the walk, the children rinse their face, hands and feet in cool water, so you may be asked to bring a small foot towel, especially if the kids are allowed to run barefoot a little on the playground.

Classes in kindergarten in the summer in the traditional sense of the word are not held. Usually, by June, the program ends, according to which educators worked in current year. And new classes do not start, because due to frequent changes in the teaching staff and the composition of the children's group, they will be inconsistent and illogical.

Warm weather means that most of the activities and games are transferred to the street. It can be mobile or educational games , physical exercise, sport competitions, excursions to nature, to the zoo, cinema. How interesting the child will spend summer time in kindergarten depends entirely on the teacher. Let us consider in more detail what entertainment can be organized in kindergarten in the summer.

water games

This is a great way to have fun and cool off on a hot summer day. To do this, a garden sprinkler is installed in an open area. Children can simply run around him or jump over holding hands. You can make splash bottles or fill balloons with water.

Outdoor ball games

Such games perfectly develop dexterity, coordination of movements and motor skills of hands. baby junior group you can introduce the simplest game "Knockouts". This game requires one large ball (not very heavy). On the site, the largest tree is chosen, which will play the role of a "house". During the draw, 2 drivers are selected. The teacher throws the ball, all the children run under the tree (to the house), and the drivers catch the ball, and then throw it at the one who did not have time to hide under the tree. The player who was hit by the driver with the ball takes his place and the game continues. children senior group you can teach the basics of team games such as basketball, football or volleyball. You should start with a small field, gradually increasing the distance.

Celebration soap bubbles

To carry out this event, you will need a special device for blowing bubbles, you can buy or rent it. In addition, you need to warn parents so that all children come with soap bubbles. Parents and children can be puzzled by suggesting in advance to come up with unusual tubes for blowing bubbles (you can glue a few straws for a cocktail, cut them or bend a tube out of wire).

For the holiday, a bubble blower is installed on the street and music is turned on. Toddlers can dance, chase bubbles, pop them and blow their own.

Garden work

Usually children like to dig in the ground, so gardening will be accepted with pleasure. With the kids, you can look for earthworms and talk about their life and habitats, dig up wild flowers and plant them at the nursery school site, and then take care of them.

Properly organized classes in kindergarten in the summer will not only bring considerable benefits to the health and overall development of the baby, but will also leave a lot of vivid impressions.

Do you want to lift the veil of secrecy over the life of your child when you are not around? Want to know what kids do during the day? Let's take a look at this world.

Kindergarten - preschool caring for children from 2 to 6 years old. There are wellness, compensatory, speech therapy, round-the-clock gardens, with a different number of groups. But all such institutions have standards of work.

So, you took the baby to kindergarten. What is he doing there until you arrive in the evening?

First, he has breakfast, lunch and afternoon snack. All products meet quality standards, and the cooking process meets the requirements of sanitation. The diet of young visitors necessarily contains a variety of fruits and vegetables, cereals, meat, fish. You can be calm, the baby will not remain hungry (unless, of course, he is used to eating gourmet food at home).

Secondly, in good weather, he walks twice a day - in the morning before lunch and in the evening after afternoon tea. That is, the heir of the family is also provided with walks in the fresh air.

Thirdly, he rests, according to the regime, during a quiet hour - he sees dreams or just lies quietly so that his arms, legs, head, spine rest.

And, fourthly, it is actively developing. To do this, classes are held with children in kindergarten ( manual labor, individual and collective games, creativity), according to age. In addition, kindergarten specialists regularly conduct their thematic developmental lessons - a speech therapist (if any), a psychologist, a physical education teacher, and a music director. That is, your baby learns to sing, learn poetry, pronounce letters correctly, dance, control his body, work with sports equipment, move in space, make something with his hands.

In addition, the very location of the child - a group with several peers - simply obliges the baby to learn daily to communicate with people of his own kind, and with adults. Kindergarten helps children, learns to constructively resolve conflicts, learn the rules of behavior in society and communication with the opposite sex. And they also gradually learn to take care of their bodies on their own (personal hygiene, dress, undress, change clothes), behave at the table, master elementary labor skills (help the nanny clear the table, the teacher prepare for the lesson, put away toys).

Rest assured that your child goes to the same job every day as you do. Indeed, in a day in kindergarten, he needs to have so much time to do, learn, master and decide! It takes a lot of effort from a small person. Therefore, the child is also tired, sometimes, like us, he does not want to go “to work”.

Ask your daughter or son at dinner in the evening what new things you learned today, how the day went, whether the child is happy with this day. The habit of sharing experiences will serve you and your baby well later, and each family member will feel the support of their loved ones.

Kindergarten is not scary, it's great!

What does kindergarten do

First of all, the baby will be fed. Of course, there will be lunch and an afternoon snack. Don't worry about food. All products will certainly be fresh and of high quality. And the entire cooking process meets standard sanitary standards. As for the diet of babies, it is quite diverse. There is meat, cereals, fish, vegetables and fruits. If the children were fed normal food at home, then there will be no problems and your baby will not be hungry.
If the weather is good, then the children will be taken for a walk before lunch and immediately after the afternoon snack.
And, of course, in any kindergarten there is a quiet hour. All the time allotted for this, the children watch dreams or just lie quietly in their beds. Rest is simply necessary after the little fidgets have been jumping and running all morning.
In order for the kids to develop, kindergarten teachers conduct collective games, music and singing lessons, and creative activities. Practically in every kindergarten there are psychologists, physical education teachers, speech therapists, music teachers. Children learn to sing, read poetry, dance, pronounce all letters correctly and clearly, make crafts with their own hands, and work with sports equipment. The very fact that the baby is long time with his peers, obliges him to learn something every day and, above all, to find mutual language with other children.
Kindergarten will help kids learn the various rules of behavior in society. Children learn to dress themselves, eat, clean up after themselves toys.
Mothers can be sure that their child in kindergarten not only has a rest, but learns a lot of new and useful things. And for this, the child will have to make tremendous efforts. Therefore, one should not be surprised that a son or daughter comes tired from kindergarten.
Let it become a habit for you to be interested in how your child's day went and what new and interesting things he learned today.

Now you know what kind of activities are in kindergarten, and how your beloved child's typical day goes. Do not worry, and are afraid to send children to the garden. This is quite normal and, moreover, develops the process of adaptation in the team, the child will be more sociable. He will be able to develop under the supervision of specialists who will teach him everything that is necessary in accordance with his age. We wish you good luck and health to your children!

HOW TO PLAY WITH

HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN?

WHAT TO TAKE THEM IN KINDERGARTEN AND HOME?

A hyperactive child is by nature mobile, excited, reactive, constantly in motion, so the games must be carefully selected.

When choosing games (especially mobile ones) for hyperactive children, it is necessary to take into account the following features of such children: attention deficit, impulsiveness, very high activity, as well as the inability to obey group rules for a long time, listen and follow instructions (focus on details), fatigue. In the game, it is difficult for them to wait their turn and take into account the interests of others. Therefore, to include such children in teamwork it is advisable to step by step: you can start with individual work, then involve the child in games in small subgroups and only after that move on to frontal types of work, primarily games with clear rules that contribute to the development of attention.

Training of deviant behavioral features should also be carried out in stages. At first, it is necessary to select such exercises and games that contribute to the development of one feature, for example, only attention or only the ability to control one's impulsive actions and motor activity. A separate stage in the work can be the use of games that will help the child acquire the skills to control motor activity. The above table 1 can be a starting point, one of the examples of work on the selection of games. As can be seen from the table, some games can be used for both individual and group work.

After working with one feature and getting results, you can select games to train two functions at once. It is better to start with individual forms of work so that the child can clearly assimilate the requirements of the teacher, and then gradually involve him in collective games. At the same time, it is necessary to captivate the child, to make it interesting for him. When he has experience of participating in games and exercises aimed at developing two weak functions at once (attention and control of impulsivity, attention and control of motor activity, etc.), you can move on to more complex forms of work to develop all three functions in one game. .

OUTDOOR GAMES

"Spot the Difference"

Purpose: to develop the ability to pay attention to details.

The child draws any simple picture (cat, house, etc.) and passes it to an adult, while he turns away. An adult draws a few details and returns the picture. The child should notice what has changed in the drawing. Then the adult and the child can switch roles.

The game can also be played with a group of children. In this case, the children take turns drawing a drawing on the board and turn away (while the possibility of movement is not limited). An adult draws a few details. Children, looking at the picture, should say what changes have occurred.

"Tender Paws"

Purpose: relieving tension, muscle clamps, reducing aggressiveness, developing sensory perception, harmonizing relations between a child and an adult. An adult picks up 6-7 small items of various textures: a piece of fur, a brush, a glass bottle, beads, cotton wool, etc. All this is laid out on the table. The child is invited to bare his arm to the elbow; the teacher explains that the "animal" will walk on the hand and touch it with gentle paws. It is necessary to guess with closed eyes which "animal" touched the hand - to guess the object. Touches should be stroking, pleasant.

Variant of the game: the "animal" will touch the cheek, knee, palm. You can switch places with your child.

"Screamers-whispers-silencers"

Purpose: development of observation, the ability to act according to the rule, volitional regulation.

From multi-colored cardboard, you need to make 3 silhouettes of the palm: red, yellow, blue. These are signals. When an adult raises a red palm - "chants" can run, scream, make a lot of noise; yellow palm - "whisper" - you can move quietly and whisper, to the signal "silent" - blue palm - children should freeze in place or lie on the floor and not move. The game should end with "silence".

"Buzz"

Goal: development of concentration. One of the participants (optional) becomes the driver and goes out the door. The group chooses a phrase or line from a well-known song, which is distributed as follows: each participant has one word. Then the driver enters, and the players all at the same time, in chorus, begin to loudly repeat each word. The driver must guess what kind of song it is, collecting it by the word.

It is desirable that before the driver enters, each child repeats aloud the word he got.

"Changeers"

Purpose: development of communication skills, activation of children.

The game is played in a circle, the participants choose a driver who gets up and takes his chair out of the circle, so it turns out that there are one less chairs than the players. Further, the host says: "Those who have ... ( blonde hair, clock, etc.). After that, those with the named sign should quickly get up and change places, at the same time the driver tries to take an empty seat. The participant in the game, left without a chair, becomes the driver.

"Hand Talk"

Purpose: to teach children to control their actions. If the child had a fight, broke something or hurt someone, you can offer him the following game: circle the silhouette of the palms on a piece of paper. Then invite him to revive his palms - draw their eyes, mouth, color the fingers with colored pencils. After that, you can start a conversation with your hands. Ask: "Who are you, what is your name?", "What do you like to do?", "What do you dislike?", "What are you?". If the child does not join the conversation, say the dialogue yourself. At the same time, it is important to emphasize that the hands are good, they can do a lot (list what exactly), but sometimes they do not obey their master. You need to finish the game by "concluding an agreement" between the hands and their owner. Let the hands promise that for 2-3 days (tonight or, in the case of working with hyperactive children, an even shorter period of time) they will try to do only good things: craft, say hello, play and will not offend anyone.

If the child agrees to such conditions, then after a predetermined period of time, it is necessary to play this game again and conclude an agreement for a longer period, praising the obedient hands and their owner.

"Speak!"

Purpose: development of the ability to control impulsive actions.

Tell the children the following. "Guys, I will ask you simple and complex questions. But it will be possible to answer them only when I give the command:" Speak! " Let's practice: "What time of year is it now?" (The teacher pauses) "Speak!" "What color is the ceiling in our group (in the classroom)?"... "Speak!"; "What day of the week is it today?"... "Speak!"; "What is two plus three?", etc. "

The game can be played individually or with a group of children.

"Brownian motion"

Purpose: to develop the ability to distribute attention. All children stand in a circle. The leader, one by one, rolls tennis balls into the center of the circle. Children are told the rules of the game: the balls should not stop and roll out of the circle, they can be pushed with the foot or hand. If the participants successfully follow the rules of the game, the leader rolls in an additional number of balls. The meaning of the game is to set a team record for the number of balls in a circle.

"An hour of silence and an hour" you can ""

Purpose: to enable the child to lose accumulated energy, and for an adult to learn to control his behavior. Agree with the children that when they are tired or busy with an important task, there will be an hour of silence in the group. Children should be quiet, calmly play, draw. But as a reward for this, sometimes they will have an hour of "you can" when they are allowed to jump, scream, run, etc.

"Hours" can be alternated within one day, or you can arrange them in different days, the main thing is that they become familiar in your group or class. It is better to stipulate in advance which specific actions are allowed and which are prohibited.

With the help of this game, you can avoid the endless stream of remarks that an adult addresses to a hyperactive child (who "does not hear" them).

"Pass the Ball"

Purpose: to remove excessive physical activity. Sitting on chairs or standing in a circle, the players try to pass the ball as quickly as possible without dropping it to a neighbor. You can throw the ball to each other at the fastest pace or pass it, turning your back in a circle and putting your hands behind your back. You can complicate the exercise by asking children to play with their eyes closed or by using several balls in the game at the same time.

"Siamese twins"

Purpose: to teach children flexibility in communicating with each other, to promote trust between them. Tell the children the following. "Split into pairs, stand shoulder to shoulder, hug each other with one hand at the waist, put your right foot next to your partner's left foot. Now you are fused twins: two heads, three legs, one torso, and two arms. Try to walk around the room, do something, lie down, stand up, draw, jump, clap your hands, etc." In order for the "third" leg to act "friendly", it can be fastened either with a string or an elastic band. In addition, twins can "grow together" not only with their legs, but with their backs, heads, etc.

"Onlookers"

Purpose: development of voluntary attention, speed of reaction, learning the ability to control one's body and follow instructions.

All players walk in a circle holding hands. At the signal of the leader (it can be the sound of a bell, rattles, clapping hands or some word), the children stop, clap their hands 4 times, turn around and go the other way. Those who do not have time to complete the task are eliminated from the game. The game can be played to music or to a group song. In this case, the children should clap their hands when they hear a certain word of the song (specified in advance).

"My triangular cap"

Purpose: to teach to concentrate attention, to promote the child's awareness of his body, to teach him to control movements and control his behavior. The players sit in a circle. Everyone in turn, starting with the leader, pronounce one word from the phrase: ^ My triangular cap, my triangular cap. And if not triangular, then this is not my cap. After that, the phrase is repeated again, but the children who fall out to say the word "cap" replace it with a gesture (for example, 2 light claps on their heads with their palms). In a barely blowing time, 2 words are already being replaced: the word "cap" and the word "mine" (point to yourself). In each subsequent circle, the players say one word less, and "show" one more. In the final repetition, the children depict the entire phrase only with gestures.

If such a long phrase is difficult to reproduce, it can be shortened.

"Listen to the Command"

Purpose: development of attention, arbitrariness of behavior. The music is calm but not too slow. Children walk in a column one after another. Suddenly the music stops. Everyone stops, listens to the leader’s whispered command (for example: “Put your right hand on the neighbor’s shoulder”) and immediately execute it. Then the music plays again and everyone continues walking. Commands are given only to perform calm movements. The game is played as long as the group is able to listen well and complete the task. The game will help the educator to change the rhythm of the actions of the naughty children, and the children to calm down and easily switch to another, calmer type of activity.

"Spread posts"

Goal: development of volitional regulation skills, the ability to focus on a specific signal. Children march to the music one after another. Ahead is the commander, who chooses the direction of movement. As soon as the leader claps his hands, the last child must stop immediately. Everyone else continues to march and listen to commands. Thus, the commander arranges all the children in the order he intended (in a line, in a circle, in the corners, etc.). To hear commands, children must move silently.

"The king said..."

Purpose: switching attention from one type of activity to another, overcoming motor automatisms. All participants in the game, together with the leader, stand in a circle. The host says that he will show different movements (physical education, dance, comic), and the players should repeat them only if he adds the words "The king said. Whoever makes a mistake goes to the middle of the circle and performs some task for the participants in the game , for example, smile, jump on one leg, etc. Instead of the words "The King said," you can add others, for example, "Please" or "The commander ordered."

"Fun game with a bell"

Purpose: development of auditory perception. Everyone sits in a circle, at the request of the group, a leader is chosen, however, if there are no people who want to lead, then the role of the leader is assigned to the coach. The driver is blindfolded, and the bell is passed around in a circle, the task of the driver is to catch the person with the bell. You cannot throw the bell to each other.

"Forbidden Movement"

Purpose: a game with clear rules organizes, disciplines children, unites the players, develops responsiveness and causes a healthy emotional upsurge. Children stand facing the leader. To the music, with the beginning of each measure, they repeat the movements that the leader shows. Then one movement is selected that cannot be performed. The one who repeats the forbidden movement is out of the game. Instead of showing movement, you can call numbers out loud. The participants in the game repeat all the numbers in chorus, except for one forbidden one, for example, the number "five" -. When the children hear it, they will have to clap their hands (or spin in place).

"Listen to the Claps"

Purpose: training of attention and control of physical activity.

Everyone walks in a circle or moves around the room in a free direction. When the facilitator claps his hands once, the children should stop and take the stork pose (stand on one leg, arms to the sides) or some other pose. If the host claps twice, the players should assume the “frog” position (crouch, heels together, socks and knees to the sides, hands between the soles of the feet on the floor). For three claps, the players resume walking.

GAMES AT THE DESK

Hyperactive children can hardly withstand a lesson in a kindergarten, and even more so a school lesson, therefore, it is necessary for them to conduct physical education sessions that can be performed both standing and sitting at their desks, at the discretion of the teacher.

For this purpose, it is useful to use " finger games". Practice shows that children of senior preschool and junior school age they enjoy playing such games as "Stairway to Heaven", "Puppet Fan", "Racing", etc.

The teacher can start the game by saying that now the children's fingers will begin to "turn" either into fairy-tale characters, or into funny animals, or into exotic animals. Then you should suggest several games like the ones below.

"Centipedes"

Before the start of the game, the hands are on the edge of the desk. At the signal of the teacher, the centipedes begin to move to the opposite edge of the desk or in any other direction given by the teacher. All five fingers take part in the movement.

"Twinpedes"

The game is played similarly to the previous one, but only 2 fingers participate in the races: index and middle. The rest are pressed to the palm.

"Elephants"

The middle finger of the right or left hand turns into a 4-trunk, the rest into "elephant legs". An elephant is forbidden to jump and touch the ground with its trunk, while walking it must rely on all 4 paws. Elephant racing is also possible.

So that the game does not turn into constant entertainment for children and does not interfere with other activities, before it starts, the teacher must clearly formulate the rules: start and end the game only at a certain signal. One of the signals may be a card from the game "Chants - Whispers - Silences".

"We catch mosquitoes"

Purpose: to relieve muscle tension from the hands, to enable hyperactive children to move in a free rhythm and pace.

Tell the children: "Let's imagine that summer has come, I opened the window, and a lot of mosquitoes flew into our group. At the command "Start!" You will catch mosquitoes. That's it! The teacher makes chaotic movements in the air at a slow or medium pace, clenching and unclenching the fists at the same time. Either alternately, or simultaneously. Each child will "catch mosquitoes" at his own pace and in his own rhythm, without touching those who are sitting nearby. At the command "Stop!", you sit down like this: the teacher shows how to sit down (at your discretion). Ready? "Start!" ... "Stop!" Worked hard. Tired. Lower your relaxed legs down, shake your palms several times. Let your hands rest. And now - back to work!" .

HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN

Maintain a “positive model” in your relationship with your child. Praise him every time he deserves it, highlighting even minor successes. Remember that hyperactive children ignore reprimands and remarks, but are sensitive to the slightest praise. Reward your child for all activities that require concentration.

Don't resort to physical punishment. Your relationship with your child should be based on trust, not fear. He should always feel your help and support. Solve problems together.

Say “yes” more often, avoid the words “no” and “no”. Speak calmly, calmly, softly.

Entrust him with some of the household chores that need to be done daily (going for bread, feeding the dog, etc.) and in no case do them for him.

Keep a self-control diary and note in it with your child his successes at home and at school. Sample graphs: doing household chores, studying at school, doing homework.

Enter a point or sign reward system (you can mark each good deed with an asterisk, and reward a certain number of them with a toy, sweets, or a long-promised trip).

Avoid overestimated or, conversely, underestimated requirements for the child. Try to set tasks for him that correspond to his abilities.

Set a framework for behavior for the child - what is possible and what is not. Permissiveness will definitely not bring any benefit. Despite the presence of certain disadvantages, hyperactive children must cope with the usual problems for all growing children. These children do not need to be excluded from the requirements that apply to others.

Don't impose hard rules on him. Your instructions should be instructions, not orders. Demand the implementation of the rules regarding his safety and health, in relation to the rest, do not be so picky.

Your child's provocative behavior is his way of getting your attention. Spend more time with him: play, learn how to communicate with other people correctly, how to behave in in public places, cross the street and other social skills.

11. Maintain a clear daily routine at home. Eating, playing, walking, going to bed should be done at the same time. Reward your child for doing so.

Use visual memory to reinforce verbal instructions.

Remember! Your peace of mind best example for a child.

When playing, limit your child to only one partner. Avoid restless, noisy buddies.

Give the child only one task for a certain period of time so that he can complete it.

At home, you should create a calm environment for the child. It would be ideal to give him a separate room. It should contain a minimum number of objects that can distract, scatter his attention. The color of the wallpaper should not be bright, soothing, preference is given to blue. It is very good to organize a sports corner in his room (with a pull-up bar, dumbbells for the appropriate age, expanders, a rug, etc.)

If your child is struggling to learn, don't demand high marks from them in all subjects. It is enough to have good grades in 2-3 main ones.

Create the necessary conditions for work. The child should have his own corner, during classes there should not be anything on the table that would distract his attention. There should not be any photographs or posters above the table.

Avoid large crowds as much as possible. Staying in a store, markets, etc. has an overstimulating effect on the child.

Protect the child from overwork, as it leads to a decrease in self-control and an increase in physical activity. Do not let him sit in front of the TV for a long time.

Try to get your child to sleep. Lack of sleep leads to an even greater deterioration in attention and self-control. By the end of the day, the child may become uncontrollable.

Develop conscious inhibition in him, teach him to control himself. Before doing anything, have them count from 1 to 10.

Give your child more opportunity to expend excess energy. Useful daily physical activity in the fresh air - long walks, sports activities. Develop hygiene skills, including hardening. But do not overwork the child.

Encourage your child to be interested in something. It is important for him to feel skillful and competent in any area. Everyone needs to be good at something. The task of parents is to find those activities that would “succeed” in the child and increase his self-confidence. They will be a "testing ground" for developing a strategy for success. It is good if the child is busy with his hobby in his free time. However, the child should not be overloaded with activities in different circles, especially in those where there is a significant load on memory and attention, and also if the child does not experience much joy from these activities.

CHILDREN

* Enter a sign-based grading system. Good behavior and reward academic achievement. Do not hesitate to verbally praise the child if he successfully coped with even a small task.

* Change the mode of training - arrange minutes of active rest with lungs exercise and relaxation.

* In the group, it is desirable to have a minimum number of distracting objects (pictures, stands). * The schedule of classes should be constant, because. children with the syndrome often forget it.

* Work with hyperactive children should be built individually. The optimal place for a hyperactive child is in the center of the group. It should always be in front of the teacher's eyes. He should be given the opportunity to quickly turn to the teacher for help in cases of difficulty.

*Direct the excess energy of hyperactive children in a useful direction - during the lesson, ask him to clean the board, collect notebooks, etc.

* Introduce problem-based learning, increase the motivation of pupils, use elements of the game, competition in the learning process. Give more creative, developmental tasks and, conversely, avoid monotonous activities. Frequent change of tasks with a small number of questions is recommended.

* Give only one task for a certain period of time. If the child has to complete a large task, then it is offered to him in the form of successive parts, and the teacher periodically controls the progress of work on each of the parts, making the necessary adjustments.

* Give tasks according to the working pace and abilities of the child. Avoid making too much or too little of a child with ADHD.

* Create situations of success in which the child would have the opportunity to show their strengths. * Teach him to use them better to compensate for impaired functions at the expense of healthy ones. *Let him become a cool expert in some areas of knowledge.

* Together with psychologists, help the child adapt to the garden and in the team - cultivate gardening skills, teach the necessary social norms and communication skills.

*When appropriate, give your child the opportunity to take responsibility.

* Always remember: it is necessary to negotiate, and not try to break.

"AMBULANCE" WHEN WORKING

WITH A HYPERACTIVE CHILD

* Distract the child from his whims.

* Ask an unexpected question.

* Do not order, but ask (but do not fawn).

* Do not prohibit the child's action in a categorical manner.

* React in a way that is unexpected for the child (joking, repeating the child's action).

* Listen to what the child wants to say (otherwise he will not hear you).

* Automatically, with the same words, repeat your request many times (in a neutral tone).

* Leave alone in the room (if it is safe for his health).

* Do not insist that the child, at all costs, apologize).

* Take a picture of the child or bring him to the mirror at the moment when he is naughty.

WORKING WITH PARENTS

HYPERACTIVE CHILD

Parents of hyperactive children often experience great difficulties in raising them. Not all of them like the behavior of the child in public places and at home. Numerous shouts and prohibitions do not lead to the desired result.

There is a repeatedly tested in kindergarten and in primary school a method that helps relieve stress from parents and improve parent-child relationships. It consists in the exchange between the teacher and parents of "correspondence cards". At the end of the day, the teacher writes down information about the child on a pre-prepared cardboard card. In doing so, it must be done required condition: information is submitted only in a positive form. For example, if parents know that when they read a book aloud, the child hardly sits out for 3 minutes, and today he listened to the teacher for 10 minutes, then this must be noted on the card:

“Today, 18.11, the child listened to the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood” for 10 minutes.”

In the evening, Sasha's parents, in the presence of all family members, can celebrate this small achievement of the child, increasing his self-esteem and level of motivation for learning. At their discretion, adults can reward the child with a walk in the park, watching a TV show together, or a favorite game.

If the child listened calmly for only 2 minutes, and then interfered with the rest, the teacher writes:

"The child listened to the fairy tale "Little Red Riding Hood" for 2 minutes."

Thus, parents receive positive information and draw several conclusions at once:

1. no one scolds the child;

2. in the group they read the fairy tale "Little Red Riding Hood";

3. the child did not finish listening to the fairy tale, which means that it is necessary to read it at home.

The child, if at his request the information from the card is read out, will be sure that he did nothing wrong, and the teacher still loves and understands him.

In addition, parents, remembering the need to read a book to their child, will additionally work out with him at home in the evening. The child, in turn, will receive the necessary “dose” of parental attention, which he is sometimes forced to achieve with whims, tantrums, etc.

Then the parents should fill in their part of the card, also writing down what the child did at home in the evening when he went to bed.

“In the evening, Sasha listened to his dad read the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood” to him, after which he made a drawing for the fairy tale. While drawing, he, together with his father, recounted what he had heard. Watched the show Goodnight, kids ”for 15 minutes, played with my brother in the Lego constructor for 30 minutes. I went to bed at 23:00.”

The teacher, having received new information about the child in the morning, can also draw certain conclusions:

1. the educational material that was given to the children the day before was mastered by the child.

2. parents showed attention to the child.

3. The child, despite the high physical activity and impulsivity, was able to play with his brother for 30 minutes, which means that if the child's motivation is increased, he is able to interact with other children for quite a long time.

4. The child went to bed late, at 11 p.m., therefore, one can expect from him today in a group of unpredictable actions. Therefore, the teacher must think in advance of the strategy of their actions in relation to the child.

The teacher, at their discretion, can also encourage the child, based on information received from the parents. The teacher makes a list of possible awards in advance, having learned from the child about his preferences (from drawings and essays on the topic “I am happy”, “I am satisfied”, “I dream”, “When I am an adult”).

A child whose parents approach his upbringing in close cooperation with the teacher and act in the same direction very soon begins to understand what adults require of him. As soon as the mismatch in the actions of adults disappears, the child becomes calmer and more confident in his abilities. In addition, such a form of work as the exchange of cards contributes to the establishment of mutual understanding and trust between the teacher and parents.

If contact with parents is difficult, and the mother or father of the child does not want or is not ready to accept information about him, you can use a visual form of work. For example, placing information in the corner of the parents. In kindergarten, you can make portable folding albums, which are successfully used on parent meetings. A variant of a permanently placed stand is also possible.

Of course, in order to interest parents, to attract their attention, the material must be selected in an accessible, laconic way. For example, if a teacher is concerned about the behavior of hyperactive children in a group, he can place on the stand individual items from the Cheat Sheet for Adults that may be interesting and useful for parents.

A hyperactive child needs constant psychological support. Like other children, he wants to be successful in the things he undertakes, but most often he does not succeed. Therefore, parents should think over all the assignments that they give the child, and remember: the child will only do what he is interested in, and will do this only until he gets bored. As soon as the child is tired, it should be switched to another activity.

It is also necessary to take care of the child's workplace. It should be quiet and calm - not near the TV or constantly opening doors, but where the child could study without interference. In progress homework it is advisable for parents to be nearby and, if necessary, help a restless son or daughter.

If a child is wrong about something, parents should not lecture him, as a long speech will not be fully heard and understood. It is better to establish rules of conduct and a system of rewards and punishments in advance. As noted above, the requirements for the child must be specific, clear and feasible.

You can’t force a child to ask for forgiveness and make promises: “I will behave well,” “I will always obey you.” You can, for example, agree with the child that he "will not kick the cat" or "starting to put the shoes back in place from today." Each of these specific requirements can take a long time to complete (two to four weeks or more). However, if you don't complete one item, don't move on to the next. Be patient and try to finish what you started. Then it will be possible to achieve the fulfillment of another specific requirement. If the child tries very hard, but accidentally does something wrong, then he can be forgiven. Let him feel successful.

Most parents are sincerely interested in what the children are doing in kindergarten, while adults are all in care and business.!

Any mother, and father too, should understand that kindergarten is not just preschool educational institution where the child can be left under the supervision of caregivers until the end of the working day. This is, first of all, the environment where the baby gets after weaning with his relatives for his further development as a full-fledged and independent personality.

It is the kindergarten that becomes the launching pad for building relationships with peers and with adults represented by educators and teachers.

Schedule

Kindergartens can have a variety of areas: speech therapy, health, private and public, specialized for children with disabilities. But they all have one thing in common - the daily routine. Everywhere it is approximately the same and is designed to meet all the needs of pupils of different age groups.

So, here is what children do in kindergarten:

From 6:00 to 8:00 - reception of children: they change into comfortable change of clothes and shoes, do exercises. The medical staff conducts an examination in the group for the presence of sick children.
From 8:00 to 8:30 - breakfast.
From 8:30 to 10:00 - study in circles.
From 10:00 to 10:30 - preparation for a walk: children change clothes.
From 10:30 to 11:45 - a walk in the fresh air.
From 11:45 to 12:00 - children return from the street and change clothes, wash their hands.
From 12:00 to 12:30 - lunch.
From 12:30 to 15:00 is a quiet hour.
From 15:00 to 15:30 - children get dressed, prepare for dinner.
From 15:30 to 16:00 - dinner.
From 16:00 to 18:00 - games together with gathering home.

So that there are no questions left, it should be noted that in any specialized kindergartens, additional classes are introduced into the daily routine. For example, in speech therapy - to eliminate speech defects, for children with hearing or vision problems - aimed at restoring hearing and visual acuity.

Mandatory curriculum

Children of younger and middle age groups attend one or more types of classes:

drawing circle;
a circle of crafts from various materials;
logorhythmics - classes in the music room, where children learn not only to feel the music, but also to sing, dance and pronounce letters and words correctly;
sports Club.

Each parent for his child can choose one or more directions for development. But for children under three years old, it is preferable to choose only one in order to avoid overwork.

It's great if your garden has a pool, they teach lessons foreign language or organized a theater school. Take the opportunity to improve the health of the baby or develop creative talent in him, because there are not so many such institutions due to restrictions in state funding.

Games for general development

And one more link between all the pupils, except for the daily routine: this is the fact that all the children in the kindergarten with great pleasure - of course, play. And any teacher should not only be able to communicate with children, help them in stressful situations and teach them to communicate with peers, but be able to organize them for useful and educational games, both indoors and outdoors.

For example, what do 3 year olds do?

In addition to cars, dolls and construction sets, they are interested in games where everyone has their own role and a certain plot: buyer and seller, doctor and patient, passenger and driver, hairdresser and his client.

All these uncomplicated role-playing games prepare them for real life situations.

Older children enjoy playing theater if there are puppets. Or they themselves can become the heroes of some fairy tale. For example, the teacher gives the task: to play the fairy tale "Teremok". Children learn to independently distribute roles among themselves and create a plot.

For active games during a walk in the kindergarten, special playgrounds are equipped for each group of pupils. There is always a sandbox, various ladders, a carousel, a slide and a gazebo so that you can hide in the shade in hot summer weather.

Children of older groups, together with the teacher, can play such favorite games as “deaf phone” or “edible and inedible”.

Preparing for the holidays

For children from youngest age group, there is an opportunity to show off talents: read a poem in front of all parents on New Year or sing a song about mother on March 8th. This is another important preparatory and educational stage: the child learns not to be afraid of the public, develops speech and memory, and during the staging of the festive program masters the role given to him.

remember, that The best way find out what your child did today kindergarten– ask him himself. Any child will be happy to share his emotions from the day he lived, because he has a very busy day, and most importantly - with alternating alternation of physical activity, learning activities, games and rest.

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