It is also a way of some knowledge of yourself and your capabilities. Yourself as you are, without the "gadgets" and "bells and whistles" of urban culture.
And yet, you still need a certain minimum set of items for survival.
A lot of different things have been written about survival kits. Therefore, in order not to repeat myself and for the article to bring real benefit to someone who suddenly finds himself in a difficult situation, I will limit myself to my own opinion on this issue.
So, the most general requirements for such a set are as follows.

1. The kit should take up as little space as possible and weigh as little as possible a kilogram (preferably a gram).


2. It should include those things that you REALLY cannot do without. Experienced preppers make their own kits, beginners can buy ready-made and then modify based on their inclinations and situation. Some argue that they can get by with just one knife. Well, maybe it is. You can check this statement on yourself, for this the whole game exists :)


3. The set must have the potential of a DIY kit. In other words, various useful devices can be made from the items of the set by combination.

​ These are the items that I consider the "heart" of the set, the part that you can't do without.

1. A knife, or better, a multi-tool. I can't recommend any specific brand, everyone is different. The main criterion is functionality and reliability. Be sure the tools of the multitool must be firmly fixed in the working position (with latches or otherwise). There have been cases when a cheap Chinese multi-tool without latches folded during use and seriously injured the operator's fingers.

2. Lighter. It is not recommended to include a cheap transparent lighter in the set due to its catastrophic unreliability. The lighter must be flint, bright orange or red. If you drop a green or black lighter into the grass, you risk losing it forever.

You can read more about here.

3. LED flashlight powered by a single battery. It is better if the body of the flashlight is anodized aluminum and water resistant. It is undesirable to use a flashlight with a built-in battery or with a rare battery. It is best to have a flashlight with AA or AAA elements. Batteries of the same type are suitable for such flashlights in which case.

4. Batteries for the flashlight. If long-term storage without use is expected, wrap one of the poles of the battery with stretch film and insert it into the flashlight. This will keep the battery charged longer.

5. Flash card with useful information. What is considered useful information in this case is up to you. I would recommend first of all to scan your civil documents in advance (passport, foreign passport, driver's license, birth certificate of children, marriage, TIN, etc.), and write the scans in the form of pictures to a USB flash drive. It is desirable that the flash drive is waterproof. It happened that people were left without a passport in a foreign country, and only prudently prepared scans of documents helped them quickly return to their homeland.
6. Needle and thread different colors. Buttons. English pins.
7. A simple pencil and a pack of bright office stickers. Well, everything is clear here.
8. Instant glue. The advantage of this adhesive is its high bonding speed and versatility. Minus - relatively low water resistance. However, it all depends on the brand.

9. Condom. In addition to the classic, it has another application: waterproof. At worst, if the circumstances are very unfavorable, you can put your flash drive into it before hiding it :)

10. Sanitary napkins, as well as a special antibacterial liquid with an alcohol content of at least 60%.

11. A piece of steel wire 20-30 cm long, rolled into an oval ring. With a wire multitool, you can make a lot of useful things, ranging from fishhooks to ... I came up with 5 options. Come up with more.
12. A cord made of nylon fiber 3 m long. (Replace a broken shoelace, tie up a load for carrying and even make a string for a bow ...)
13. A knife sharpener or a small piece of fine sandpaper.
14. Hand-held rocket launcher of the "Hunter's signal" type. Such a rocket launcher can not only give a signal, but also scare away a wild animal, an aggressive dog, etc. Never point the rocket launcher at a person!

Here, in general, and all. What to pack it all in, think for yourself. The main thing is that the packaging should be waterproof and carry the potential for modernization.

Your individual set can be supplemented with the following useful gadgets and devices.

1. Navigator. In the case of the Great Bae, telephone communications along with the Internet may be cut off, and navigation satellites will plow the icy spaces of space above our heads for a long time ...
2. Nail length 150 mm. With such a nail, heated on fire, you can melt plastics to make holes (you should not heat up multi-tool tools if you don’t want to spoil them), you can scratch direction arrows on plaster, etc.
3. Compass.
4. A small roll of stationery tape.
5. A sheet of paper with useful addresses (pharmacies, hospitals in your area, domestic embassies and consulates abroad, country and city codes).
6. A bottle of 0.3 l with pure non-carbonated water.
7. "Snickers" couple.
8. String saw for wood.
9. Magnifying glass.
10. Catalytic heater and gasoline to it.
11. Adjustable wrench.
12. Jackhammer :)
The list can be continued indefinitely.

One piece of advice.
Don't turn your kit into a junk yard in the hope that some of it might come in handy someday. The main thing is skills and abilities, versatility and light weight.

Experts in the field of survival identify several basic rules: you need to be able to anticipate danger, avoid it if possible, act decisively. At the same time, maintain composure, restraint and calmness. Panic can only make things worse. First of all, you need to do everything possible to help yourself, but if this does not work, you need to alleviate your condition until the rescuers arrive. Unfortunately, operational services are not in all cases able to arrive at as soon as possible, which is why in extreme situations, first of all, you need to rely solely on yourself. Therefore, going on a long journey, it is advisable to have an alarm case, not limited to a car first-aid kit.

What is a "worry bag"?

"Alarm suitcase" - it is customary to call a basic set of things for survival in extreme situations until the arrival of rescuers or until a safe evacuation from an emergency zone, whether it be an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. A properly equipped "alarm suitcase" can ensure the autonomous existence of a person in extreme situations when there is no water, food, heat, or a roof over one's head nearby.

The minimum amount of supplies needed for an autonomous stay is calculated based on the time in which emergency services can respond and intervene in the situation. The period of autonomous stay in anticipation of the help of rescuers depends on the likelihood of a natural or man-made emergency in a given area, as well as the distance from large settlements. Thus, in each specific case, the “alarm suitcase” is completed in accordance with the place of his residence and the individual characteristics of the person.

How to pack things properly

To protect the contents from moisture - use vacuum bags with a clip. Also, before packing, things can be packed in ordinary plastic bags, pre-wrapped with tape.

Is it necessary to have a "disturbing suitcase"?

The presence of a "disturbing suitcase" depends on the attitude to the surrounding reality, life experience. Many people who survived the Great Patriotic War stock up on food and everything they need for a month in advance. It is important to objectively take into account the need for a “disturbing suitcase” at home or at work, as well as the possibility of using it. For example, the probability of using the "alarm suitcase" in a metropolis and not in an earthquake-prone region is low. In this case, it is advisable to have an “essentials” kit with you - a lightweight and compact kit that is convenient to carry with you.

The essentials kit may include the following items:

Lantern.

Mini radio receiver (many mobile phones with radio).

Utility knife with a set of tools.

Matches (hunting) or a lighter.

Food per day (any high-calorie, space-saving, light foods).

Money. Documents (passport or its copy).

Recruitment First medical care: individual dressing bags, a set of bactericidal plasters; BF glue - used instead of iodine and brilliant green, forms a protective film on the wound; drugs that reduce pain syndrome(tooth and headache, pain from injuries, burns, fever); medicines used for allergies; a set of medicines prescribed by a doctor, taken periodically or constantly.

The items listed above do not take up much space, and their presence will help to avoid many difficulties.

If you live in a large locality, then providing basic necessities and food for 2-3 days most likely will not be a big problem.

Be sure to make color or black-and-white copies of all necessary documents: passport, military ID or registration certificate, certificate, as well as documents establishing the right to property, etc. If possible, copies should be notarized. It is desirable that the documents be recorded on electronic media and packed in waterproof packaging.

We list the cases when it is especially recommended to keep the "alarm suitcase" at home.

If you live in:

a) area (zone) of possible earthquakes (and/or tsunamis);

b) the area (zone) of recurring serious floods (floods);

c) area (zone) of serious areal forest fires;

d) the area (zone) of residence within the enterprises working with harmful substances;

e) a zone of residence where there is a possibility of armed conflicts;

f) other problem regions.

Choice of "alarm suitcase"

A “panic case” is usually a complete emergency backpack, or a bag with a capacity of about 30 liters. The contents of the backpack: the necessary minimum of clothing, hygiene items, medicines, tools, personal protective equipment and food.

Choose a backpack in bright colors with reflective stripes - in case of an emergency, this should attract the attention of rescuers. You should abandon the camouflage color, because. in the event of an armed conflict, a person with such a backpack may be mistaken for a combatant.

A backpack made of waterproof, lightweight, but at the same time dense, durable materials is preferable, since the contents must be protected from possible damage. It is necessary to try on and adjust the straps of the backpack - you should be comfortable wearing it long time.

When collecting a "disturbing suitcase", remember: it should be compact and not very heavy.

Possible basic set for "alarm case":

First aid kit.

Flashlight hand and headlamp (preferably diode) and a supply of batteries for them (you can inertial with the function of recharging a cell phone).

Mini radio with spare batteries (or cell phone with radio function).

Utility knife (with a set of tools).

Hunting knife.

Supply of food and water (at least 3 days).

Change of underwear and socks.

Whistle (required to call for help).

Hunting matches, dry alcohol, gas lighters (2-3 pieces).

Repair kit (threads, needles, etc.).

Disposable tableware.

Hygiene products.

If space and means allow, put sleeping bag, a tent (now in specialized stores there is a huge selection of them), - a gas tourist burner with a can of 200-400 g - this is quite enough for the first time for cooking and heating.

A small notepad and pencil may come in handy, which, unlike ballpoint pen always writes.

Depending on the area in which you live, the contents of the "alarm suitcase" will also change. For example, in countryside, you may need a compass, and in urban conditions this item is unlikely to be in demand.

The term "survival" includes a number of knowledge and techniques that allow a person to survive in extreme conditions, with a minimum set of tools and things. Extreme situations are when a person gets lost in the forest, finds himself in a natural disaster, etc. In our difficult time, you can expect anything, even terrorist attacks, from which you may have to hide.

Such situations require knowledge and special skills from a person, as well as the presence of any household items. Otherwise, a very deplorable outcome awaits a person.

Some part of the people are constantly faced with such conditions, due to their profession or residence in a certain area. In such cases, a person should always carry a special, minimal survival kit.

All professional military men take survival courses and they know about the “alarm suitcase”. This is a special bag or backpack where Appliances and items that may be needed in the field. The military take this suitcase with them in case of an alarm, to perform special tasks intended for implementation in places far from civilization.

Almost all residents of Japan are ready for extreme situations and they always have a backpack with essentials. Moreover, it is not hidden somewhere, but is located not far from front door. The backpack contains a supply of food for 3 days, medical preparations, copies of all documents located on electronic media, as well as a certain amount of money.

This is due to the fact that Japan is located in a zone of high seismic activity. Earthquakes and tsunamis are fairly common occurrences in this country. When another alarm is announced, the Japanese immediately grab their backpacks and run out into the street.

We can talk about some kind of basic survival kit, which includes a certain set of items that allows a person to hold out for some time until help arrives. This set of items may be conditional, since much depends on the conditions in which a person may find himself. If you just get lost in the woods, you may need a minimal survival kit. But if you get lost in the remote taiga, then you can’t get by with a minimum set.

There are, quite conditionally, two categories of survival kits. For example:

• The first category is a large set that fits in a medium sized backpack. Carrying such backpacks is not easy, so they can be in the trunk of cars or in other places and wait in the wings.
• The second category represents wearable emergency supplies (NAZs), which are designed for daily wear. In the West they are called EDC sets (every day carry). The difference between NAZs and EDC kits is that NAZ kits are designed for survival in the wild, and EDC kits are for survival in modern megacities.

Survival kits include very various items, depending on the conditions of the area or season in which a person may find himself. The characteristics of each specific person. The peculiarities of the human factor include the presence of various diseases or the tendency of the human body to allergies. In this regard, it is necessary to count on the expansion of the components included in the survival kit. Despite this, there is the concept of a standard survival kit, which makes sense to talk about. In other words, there are items or tools that cannot be dispensed with in any case.

Firstly, the backpack must be reliable and durable, as well as waterproof. You will immediately have to abandon cheap Chinese backpacks, stitched with rotten threads that stick out in all directions. Be that as it may, but you need to count on the fact that this backpack can and should save a person's life. Therefore, the quality of the backpack is in the first place. As a rule, you should opt for a medium-sized backpack: it is unlikely that everything will fit in a small backpack. If you take large backpack, then it can be a real burden in extreme situations, when every calorie counts. The best option is a backpack with a volume of 50 liters. Another important factor: the backpack should not attract attention. It should have a modest, discreet color: it is not known in what conditions a person may find himself. If you have to run away from terrorists, then a bright backpack can be seen at a great distance, and this is completely useless.

It is better not to use a backpack from Maxpedition and other similar manufacturers, despite their quality. For such purposes, army backpacks are also not suitable, since they do not have necessary qualities. If you take the most ordinary tourist backpack, then this is the most best option. But here, too, the focus should be on quality.

Food for survival: requirements

You can survive without anything, but without food, a person will not survive for sure, especially at first. Therefore, it is very important to have a supply of food for three days, until a person manages to navigate in real conditions.

Food items included in survival kits must meet a number of requirements. For example:

• Food should be high in calories.
• It should not deteriorate for a long time.
• Take up little space and have minimal weight.

Only one type of products meets such requirements - these are products preserved by sublimation. This is a process that contains 2 stages - freezing and drying. Due to the fact that they are not subjected to heat treatment, they retain all their nutritional properties. In addition, they significantly lose in volume and weight.

Shoes for extreme situations should also be chosen correctly. Since you have to move a lot, and even with a backpack, you won’t go far in uncomfortable shoes. Even worse, if the leg is damaged, then the person will lose mobility, and this is fraught with serious consequences. In such a situation, it is not worth saving. This is especially true if a person gets into a mountainous area. A good option is trekking boots that securely fix the ankle, protecting it from dislocations, and a thick sole can protect the feet from sharp objects. Despite the apparent volume, they are not heavy, but at the same time very reliable and durable.

Set of clothes

It is natural that clothes must be selected depending on the time of year. Despite this, the principle of completing a spare set does not depend on any factors.

That's why:

• Underwear should be made only from natural materials, with the exception of socks. It is better to take socks with the presence of artificial threads so that they last longer.
• The presence of thermal underwear, the task of which is to remove sweat from the surface of the human body, is not necessary, although it will be difficult without it. As a rule, thermal underwear is sewn from special, artificial fabrics. The removal of sweat allows the body to retain heat, due to the dryness of the body surface. This is very important, especially in conditions of long transitions and low temperatures.
• Fleece clothing, although made from synthetics, has excellent heat retention characteristics. In addition, it also breathes, as well as pleasant to the touch and tightly fits the body. Therefore, a survival kit should include fleece trousers and a jacket.
• Thick jacket, with long sleeves and a hood, as well as tight trousers, sewn from both natural and synthetic fabrics (mixture). In other words, the jacket and trousers must be strong and durable.

survival gear

Knife or multitool

Naturally, in such situations, a knife will never be superfluous, and it is even better to have 3 knives, for all occasions. One knife can be of the multitool type, which makes it possible to have a whole set of the necessary tools at hand. The second knife is folding, and the third is durable, like a fix or mora. Naturally, this is an ideal option, so you need to have at least one knife, preferably a folding one.

small hatchet

A small tourist hatchet will do, which will help save lives in dangerous situations. It will also help to make a fire in a timely manner so as not to freeze in such conditions. This is the second tool after the knife, which is difficult to do without.

Today, you can count on the purchase of a ready-made, factory-made filter, both domestic and imported. Naturally, the presence of a factory filter or fixture is an additional usable space, which may not be enough in such conditions. In addition, water purification is possible with special tablets, such as "Aquatab", "Aquabreeze", "Portable Aqua", etc. We should also not forget that you can purify water with the help of potassium permanganate, as well as in the simplest and most affordable way - by boiling.

Need for utensils

If we consider that every cubic centimeter counts, then talking about dishes as such does not make sense.

It is best to use a small camping kit, which consists of a bowler hat, up to 1.5 liters, a lid and a mug, which is inside the bowler hat, according to the combined arms principle. The volume of the mug is about 0.8 liters.

In this case, ordinary matches will help, but they need to be placed in plastic bag and solder hermetically so that they do not become damp. Each box should be sealed separately. Matches are light and do not take up much space. Then you can use matchboxes as needed. It is better if there is another option for lighting a fire - a tinderbox, with which you can get sparks and get a fire using flammable materials. They can be easily found in the forest: dry birch bark, dry moss, fluff, dry grass, etc. Learning to use a flint and flint is not so difficult.

The presence of light (lighting)

In such cases, it is better to have a flashlight that does not shine from batteries or an accumulator, but from a built-in generator that is powered by a special handle. For the operation of this device, it is enough to apply physical force. IN Lately LED flashlights are very popular, as they consume much less energy compared to conventional light bulbs. Even on batteries, such lighting devices work for a long time. In any case, if there is an alternative light source, then this is a big plus.

Prepper's First Aid Kit

A very important component of a survival kit, especially if there are any chronic ailments that require regular use of medicines. If there are no such problems, then the first aid kit should include:

• Sterile bandage. It is better to have several packages with different sizes.
• Rubber tourniquet, which can be useful in cases of serious injuries, with heavy bleeding. A rubber band is used to stop bleeding. At the same time, you need to be able to use it: the tourniquet is applied for a time, no more than 2 hours, otherwise you can lose a limb.
• Hydrogen peroxide, for mechanical disinfection of open wounds.
• Chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.005%. It is also used for disinfection of open wounds by irrigation.
• Iodine and greenery. They are used to treat small wounds or their edges.
• Activated charcoal in the form of tablets, which quickly removes toxins from the body in case of poisoning.
• Aspirin in tablets will serve as protection for the body in case of a cold.
• Ibuprofen or ketanol, as an anesthetic.
• Adhesive plaster.

A rope, moreover, strong, up to 3 meters long, will not interfere. In such situations, it is very important to have a rope, because often you have to tie something up, fasten something, etc. With the help of a rope, you can quickly equip temporary housing. Often, without a rope, it is difficult to overcome a small climb or lift a load to a certain height. In short, a rope, and a reliable one, will never be superfluous.

Wearable emergency supply (NAZ)

The difference between NAZ and a large set is that the entire NAZ is placed in a small box, preferably a metal one or in a small bag. Since it is not at all large in size, it can be assumed that it should always be on the human body. It can be attached to a belt, put in a pocket, hung around the neck by a string. In other words, it is a set that is designed for a short period of time.

The average NAZ should include:

• Not a large folding knife, with a set of blades that perform various functions.
• Lighter, preferably bright color so that it is always easy to find and hard to lose.
• Not a big flashlight on LEDs with a supply of batteries.
• A flash drive (electronic storage medium) with basic documents recorded on it, such as a passport, driver's license, birthday certificate and other documents. It is desirable that it be reliably protected from moisture.
• A simple, well-sharpened pencil with a set of office stickers in bright colors.
• Not a large mirror with which you can give signals on a sunny day.
• Super glue.
• Sealed bags where you can put, for example, documents.
• Packing of sanitary napkins.
• Alcohol wipes (wipes for injections).
• Components for fishing (fishing line, hooks, sinkers, float).
• "Space" blanket.

Additionally, other components may be included in the kit, depending on the expected conditions. At the same time, it must be remembered that NAZ is a kit that takes up little space and weighs little, but you can always survive in the wild with it, although you should not count on a long period. In any case, you need to rely on the fact that help will come and the sooner the better.

In our difficult time, the question of survival in extreme conditions is increasingly being raised. Someone is faced with similar conditions every day, and someone does not even know what it is. Despite this, each person must be prepared to meet such conditions, otherwise the consequences may be unpredictable. No one knows what the future holds for a person.

In the fight for survival, the presence or absence of the simplest things in equipment can mean life or death. In connection with this, any traveler must always be ready for an emergency situation and have a set of necessary things with him in order to successfully get out of it.

The very first rule is not to carry extra weight with you. No traveler will load his backpack with bricks or anything as useless. At the same time, if in your luggage there is, say, a tent that is completely useless and inapplicable in the area where you are staying, it is like the same bricks. Why, for example, take a bulky supply of food with you when you have compact, dehydrated food supplies at your disposal? You only need what you really need, and not just delay the backpack.

TRAVELER'S CASE

Travel bag (in Russian - essentials) (Fig. 1) is the most useful part of your luggage. If you always have at hand the simple items listed below, your chances of survival IN ANY TERRAIN AND CLIMATIC ZONE increase dramatically. These items are simple and inexpensive, they are easy to use, they can easily fit in a small tin.

Get such a travel bag, carry it with you everywhere - it will fit in any bulky pocket - and regularly check its contents, in particular matches and pills, for expiration dates. It is better to shift the contents of the toilet bag with cotton wool - this will protect its contents from mechanical damage, while cotton wool can be used for kindling.

Your travel bag should contain the following: a box of matches (7) (preferably hunting) for use as a last resort if other methods of making fire are not available; a candle-bowl (2) - a source of fire and light, I am also a useful thing for kindling a fire, flint with flint (3) - such a simple fire starter can be used hundreds of times and is very useful when matches run out; sewing accessories (4) for mending clothes and other purposes; water purification tablets (5), used when water quality is suspect and boiling is not available; compass (6), preferably with liquid filling (check it regularly for leaks); a mirror (7) for signaling, a few safety pins (8) that can be used to fix clothing items or when making an impromptu oud; fishing kit - a skein of fishing line, several hooks and sinkers (9), while winding the fishing lines as much as possible - it can be used to make bird snares (see the chapter on food), a waist file (10) - it can bring down even relatively thick trees, it is better to store it wrapped in oiled paper to protect it from rust; a large, sturdy plastic bag (11) that can be used as a water pail or to produce water in an evaporative or vegetative plant; a container for potassium permanganate (12) for disinfection and prevention of the treatment of intestinal disorders, as well as a coil of wire (preferably copper) for snares on small animals (13).

TRAVELING BAG

It is very useful to acquire another travel bag, large sizes, which would be placed in a small bag and would accompany you on hiking trips and car trips. As with the small travel bag, keep your travel bag with you at all times and check its contents regularly for suitability.

Here is an approximate list of what should be in a traveler's bag: a sewing kit, pliers with wire cutters, waxed threads, a folding knife, a hauling saw, a folding shovel (of the "werewolf" type), a signal panel of a bright color (preferably bright orange) at least 1 x 1 m in size, fishing tackle (lines, hooks, floats, sinkers), three large safety pins, 50 meters of nylon rope, a safety hook, multivitamins, protein tablets, a large chocolate bar, egg powder, powdered milk, a file, sharpener, three large sheets, a compass, a signal mirror, four candles, bowls, a microphone, a spare battery and a spare lens for it, a flint, hunting matches, a gas lighter with spare flint, a fumigator, a spoon, a fork, 12 ready-made snares, a coil of wire for snare, can opener, plastic cup, water purification tablets, line thrower with ammunition, whistle, soap, two orange signal smoke bombs, 70 m each of nylon twine and nylon cord, a couple of workers gloves, a tin bowl and a mousetrap.

ATTENTION!
Don't skimp on the quality of the items you purchase for your travel kit! A low-quality product can let you down at the most crucial moment, when your life will depend on it. Also, don't put your kit away until you need it - check the quality of equipment and supplies regularly.

TENTS

A portable shelter is an important part of any traveler's luggage. As with clothing, there are many tents various shapes, capacity, quality and value - from ultra-light insulated arctic and mountain models to simple, designed for good weather. To do right choice, you need to study the range, visit stores and wholesale bases, consult with specialists. Most modern tents are not heavy, but decisive factor when choosing, there should be a large internal volume of the tent.

Recently, portable bivi-bag shelters have become widespread - small tents that can accommodate one person in a sleeping bag, with latches, the use of which turns the bivi-bag into a single tunnel shelter. There is very little space inside such a shelter, but it is not blown through, does not let water through and weighs only about half a kilogram. In addition, bivi-bags are made of "breathable" material, they do not accumulate condensate from breathing.

Frame tents come in various shapes and have a large internal volume. In addition, some of them at the entrance, between the mosquito net and the valve, have enough space for luggage and equipment or for cooking. If two entrances are provided, one can store equipment, and the other can equip the kitchen, leaving the main volume relatively free. It is good if the tent is equipped with additional detachable mosquito nets - they are especially useful in the warm season, for example, in the taiga or near a pond with stagnant water.

SPARE CLOTHES

This problem has two aspects. The first is those spare clothes that you take with you on a car trip or on an airplane when you yourself are relatively lightly dressed (not for an emergency). The second is spare clothes on a camping trip.

In the first case, it would be useful for you to stock up on the clothes that were listed in the chapter “What clothes to wear” (see above). In the second, the list is limited to spare socks, underwear, shirts and underpants, i.e. those things that are in contact with the skin and are soaked with sweat, dirty, rubbed and torn. Outerwear and boots are designed with proper care and good quality for many years of use, so taking spare boots or a jacket with you is just extra weight. It is better to take a wax for shoes and a care product leather goods. Also don't forget a spare set of shoe laces.

COOKING ACCESSORIES

There are many camping utensils for cooking, but when choosing it, be guided by the following rules:
Choose the lightest item possible.
Do not buy a cleverly disassembled set of utensils - in field conditions, its detachable parts are very easy to lose.
Like everything else, choose the burner (primus) for cooking at your discretion. The approximate weight of this unit should be 500-700 grams. Fuel for a camping hearth can be the most diverse - liquefied propane-butane, methyl alcohol, kerosene, gasoline.

If you are cooking inside a shelter, remember that:
Primuses can only be refueled when not in working condition. While cooking, ventilate the tent to prevent accumulation of combustion products inside the tent.
At low temperatures, liquid fuels may freeze.
Gasoline with a high lead content is hazardous to health when cooking with it in an enclosed space. To refuel stoves, use the so-called "white" gasoline (Naptha), which is used to fill Zippo lighters.
Never set fire to cubes of solid fuel (hexamine or dry alcohol) in an enclosed space.

Tableware. Here the choice is huge - from aluminum bowls to stainless steel plates. The latter, as a rule, are sold in sets of five or six pieces, which are folded into one another, forming a compact unit that is convenient to transport. But before buying, ask yourself - do you need so many plates on a hike.

Forks and spoons. As in the case of utensils, there is a large selection of forks and spoons, but it is recommended to choose the most unpretentious and light - plastic or aluminum utensils, which break little and do not rust.

General requirements for caloric intake for a person in a critical situation will be discussed in more detail in the chapter on food. However, a tourist who has had time to prepare for a hike will try to eat quite varied. It is good to have dehydrated supplies in stock, rich in carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and enough calories. It is undesirable to take a lot of canned food with you - they are bulky, heavy and inconvenient for transportation. It is better to take vacuum-packed supplies or convenience foods that you just need to pour boiling water over. There are also special compact food rations for emergency situations that can keep a person in working condition for a day and even longer, if it is reasonable to spend energy.

The following are the British Marines' Arctic RDAs sufficient to maintain a high physical activity(4500 calories per day). These diets will give you an idea of ​​what foods to take with you on a hike.

Menu 1
Breakfast: hot oatmeal, hot chocolate;
Lunch: meat pate, biscuits (with and without filling), chocolate, chocolate caramel, nuts with raisins, glucose candies.
Main food: chicken soup, granulated meat, powdered mashed potatoes, peas, apple flakes.

Menu 2

Lunch: chicken pate, cookies (with and without filling), chocolate, chocolate caramel, nuts with raisins, glucose candies.
Main meal: vegetable soup, curried granulated meat.

Menu 3
Breakfast: hot oatmeal, hot chocolate.
Lunch: chicken and pork pate, cookies (with and without filling), chocolate, chocolate caramel, nuts with raisins, glucose candies.
Main meal: oxtail soup, mutton pellets, powdered mashed potatoes, peas, apple flakes.

Menu 4
Breakfast: hot oatmeal, hot chocolate.
Lunch: ham pate, biscuits (with and without filling), chocolate, chocolate caramel, nuts with raisins, glucose candies.
Main meal: vegetable soup, granulated poultry meat, rice, peas, apple-apricot flakes.

REMEMBER
Whatever food you take with you, always leave an emergency supply of it - even if it's just nuts with raisins, cookies, chocolate or a special diet - it will support your strength and allow you to go during the day.

KNIVES

Knife - extremely useful thing in an emergency. It can be used for various purposes - skinning animals, cutting fruits, vegetables, cutting trees. Always keep the knife clean, regularly check the sharpening, securely fasten it in the stowed position. There are a huge number of varieties of knives (Fig. 2), but it is best to have a knife with a single blade and a wooden handle.

NEVER THROW THE KNIFE IN TREES OR IN THE GROUND - YOU CAN BROKEN OR LOST IT!

BACKPACKS

There is a huge variety of travel backpacks - from a small 20-liter to a huge 100-liter. When buying a backpack, proceed from the purpose for which you are purchasing it. If you buy a 100-liter backpack, when you really only need 50 liters of volume, you will fill the backpack to capacity and end up carrying a lot of excess weight. Although the line between necessity and excess is very thin, you will always have to find it.

IN last years backpacks of a new generation have appeared, and easel ones with an H-shaped machine are gradually being replaced by them. The main features of the new backpacks are self-adjusting straps, as well as waist straps and small aluminum lumbar frames (Fig. 3). But if you need to carry a large load for a long time, use an easel backpack, preferably with an internal loom. It is very important that your backpack is comfortable, “lapped” to your back, because just like all people differ in their physical data, so backpacks - in shape. Here are a few things to consider when purchasing a backpack:

Availability a large number side pockets, where it is convenient to store things that need quick access.
Side "compression" compartments that allow you to evenly distribute the load in the backpack and are useful for transporting additional equipment.
Bottom compartment that allows you to distribute the load vertically and makes it easier to access.
The presence of a deployable neck with a reliable adjustable valve, which allows you to adjust the capacity of the backpack.
Double stitching, the presence of ties and overcast corners, which increases the reliability and durability of the backpack.

Roll (Fig. 4). This makeshift backpack allows you to carry small loads over long distances with maximum comfort. The roll is done as follows: a square piece of matter 1.5 x 1.5 m is spread on the ground (1), a load is placed from the edge in a line, and then the fabric is rolled from the load to the opposite edge. The ends of the bundle are tied with twine, in addition, it is necessary to tie the bundle in at least two more places (2). After that, the bundle is folded in half in a horseshoe shape, and its ends are fastened together (3). It turns out a very comfortable backpack, which over a long journey can be thrown from shoulder to shoulder.

PACKAGING AND CARRYING THEM

The Royal Marines use the following rules when carrying cargo to avoid back injuries:

A minimum of cargo is taken on the road; The maximum load that a person is allowed to carry must be a quarter of his weight. It is necessary to avoid loading excess equipment into a hiking backpack.

When carrying, the load must be lifted as high as possible. The backpack should fit snugly against the back, but the straps should not interfere with blood circulation in the hands.

Inside the backpack, the load should be evenly distributed. Canned food, shoes, and other hard and angular objects should not rest against the back.

In a backpack, all items must be packed in plastic bags, as no backpack is completely waterproof. The least necessary things on the march are placed at the bottom of the backpack.

A portable burner (primus stove), fuel containers and other items needed on the march fit into the side pockets of the backpack so that they can be reached without removing the backpack from the back.

During a short halt, it is better not to take off the backpack, but use it as a support for the back in a reclining or sitting position, resting it on a tree or stone.

SLEEPING BAGS

The highest quality sleeping bags are stuffed with down - the best natural heat insulator. In wet weather, under such a bag, it is necessary to lay a waterproof fabric. In general, sleeping bags with artificial filling (such as holophile) are better suited for wet weather. You can purchase the so-called "all-weather" sleeping bag, which includes the bag itself, a sheepskin bedding and a bivy-bag tent.

It is very convenient and compact, but it is expensive.

The CAC first aid kit includes remedies for restoring breathing and circulation, stopping bleeding, fixing fractures, treating burns, counteracting infections and pain relief.

Pediatric purulent extractor.
Hemostatic pads.
Equipment for blood transfusion.
Dressing.
Arterial clamps.
Suture kit.
Fracture fixators.
Anti-burn dressings.
Antibiotic tablets.
Antibiotic for injection.
Anabolics.
Cream Flamazin.
Remedies for gastrointestinal disorders.

A lot of people think about survival and preparing for emergencies and other BPs as something ordinary. And this is right, because being prepared for a disaster in advance is a natural desire of a prudent person. Who has to think not only about himself, but also about his family. That's just the knowledge of such "amateurs" is rarely systematized. They don't even know the difference between a "backup kit" and a "72 hour survival kit". Therefore, I want to tell you about all this in more detail now.

EDC? NAZ? Anxiety bag? Survival kit? What to store and which of these can really help me?

In the table below you will see how long each of these sets will allow you to last. Indeed, in some cases, an ordinary pocket multitool is enough to survive, and in others, even your own farm and supplies may not help.

Survival period, days	1	2	3	5	7	15	30	90	180-365	Size
										S
										S
										S
										SM
										SM
										M
										L
										N/A
										N/A
Legend: Probability of surviving a specified time period with a specified set						YES POSSIBLY DIFFICULT

EDC

To be honest, this set of daily wear items is not a survival set at all. It is needed for what is normal quiet life passed without any problems.

However, there are certain things that urban EDC must be:

• Wallet with cash and credit cards
• ID/passport
• A small multi-tool or knife with a screwdriver, opener and a couple of other tools
• Smartphone
• External battery/power bank
• House or car keys
• Small Keychain Flashlight
• Tablets (as needed and for health reasons)

This list may also include:

In short, everything that can be put on the table in the office and not attract too much attention from others.

NAZ (Wearable emergency supply)

NAZ(we sometimes call it the survivalist's EDC) is an absolutely classic set, a wearable emergency supply, which is simply a must-have for anyone who thinks about their safety when going out into nature, and not only. Can be used and stored separately, or combined with the city's EDC kit

With this set, you can already survive in the wild for some time.

Small Survival Kit, or "Alarm Case"

Designed for use in emergency situations, natural disasters and simply unforeseen and extreme circumstances (in our realities it is better known as the “Alarming Case”). Carried in a bag or backpack, it takes up quite a bit of space, leaving room for a laptop, for example. Allows you to live up to 3 days in almost any conditions. Basic multifunctional set.

Combined Survival Kits GHB and QRB

A small educational program in Western terminology:

• GHB- Get to Home Bag - a set for returning home. Literally - you still plan to return home to grab more serious equipment there.
• QRB- Quick Run Bag - emergency evacuation kit. There is no return home, so we survive with what we have and what we can do.

Both the GHB kit and the QRB are a combination of the NHA and the small survival kit, but there is a difference between the two.

GHB stored in a normal backpack. This is enough to get to the house in extreme conditions and pick up a large survival kit from there. QRB- non-standard bag / backpack, specially designed for extreme situations. Differs in the increased ergonomics and stealth. With it, you can get anywhere, and not just to the "base".

In addition, both survival kits contain some supply of food and water. At least for one day. Protein bars, energy bars, chocolate bars, MRE diet, but not canned food.

Desirable additional components:

• Meal (MRE) or 6 high-calorie bars
• Liter of water in a hydrator or bottle
• Multifunctional shovel or ax
• Tarpaulin 2x3 meters
• Head Torch
• protective mask
• Protective gloves
• Insulating goggles
• 3W portable radio
• Stainless steel mug

72 Hour Survival Kit

Most of our colleagues believe that you should always be ready to survive on your own and with your resources for 72 hours. Therefore, the kit contains food and water for 3 days, spare clothes and a radio to listen to what is happening in the world. In addition, such a set saves you from having to take risks and look for food with water, which allows you to hide and wait.

A 72 hour survival kit usually includes:

Big Survival Kit

The bag fits almost everything the same as in the case of equipment for 72 hours, only in a more convenient, albeit heavier, form. In addition, this set is designed not for a single person, but for several people. So you have to either divide the kit into two or three, or transport it in a car.

IN big survival kit may additionally include:

Cache, equipped bunker, survival shelter

, where there are supplies, and an underground shelter, and ammunition, and a full-fledged water filtration system, and even air. It all depends on the level of your paranoia and the desire to provide yourself with a universal survival bunker. Not a bag or kit, but a place that will allow you to survive.

Minimum set

Survival is a habit. The habit of always carrying a minimal survival kit with you. Do it naturally, imperceptibly to others. Even when you go to the nearest store, you always take with you:

• Wallet
• Smartphone
• Keys
• Belt on pants

Keep this in mind and think about how and what could be applied in an extreme situation for survival.

Be prudent, far-sighted and prepared! The only thing I can wish is that you never have to use your knowledge and prepared equipment for its intended purpose!