Harmoniously developed people are distinguished by curiosity. They are interested in many things, and not formally, but seriously. Such people are great at doing, for example, music, sports, and cooking.

Do not confuse such individuals with those who constantly give up one activity as soon as they meet the first obstacle and start a new one until they lose interest in it.

With versatile people you can talk to the most various topics, be it economics or culture, politics or everyday issues. Such individuals skillfully know how to find a topic for conversation and give it development.

Harmoniously developed people can be good friends, which means that their circle of acquaintance is wide enough. After all, they have something in common with a colleague, a classmate, and a neighbor.

Balance

A person whose character is developed in a balanced way has a variety of qualities. He can be frugal and generous at the same time, reserved and vulnerable, cheerful and empathetic. Such a balanced temperament allows its owner to successfully adapt to external circumstances without prejudice to himself.

To correct his behavior, a person with a harmoniously developed character does not need to break his “I”. He simply, as it were, pulls out the desired trait, without betraying himself.

When harmoniously developed people pass any tests for, they get average results. If such an individual is asked to answer a series of questions in order to determine, for example, temperament or type of thinking, you can get an approximately equal number of points in favor of each of the options.

It is these results that indicate that a person is developed in a balanced way.

It can be difficult for such people to decide on a profession. After all, they do everything about equally well, they like a lot. An excellent way out of this situation would be to define the main passion as the main profession. In this case, other hobbies can become secondary specialties or hobbies. If it is difficult to single out even the main interest, let it be the most profitable field of activity.

Personal life

Building a personal life should not be a problem for a harmoniously developed person. He easily gets along with many characters and is able to find something of his own in various people. These people are usually pretty smart and understand exactly how to work on a relationship.

Unions in which there are people of this type can be happy and long. After all, the partner always has to discover something new in his beloved

Harmonious development of the child's personality as a result of interaction between family, school and the community

Objective and subjective factors of personality development.

The objective factors of personality development include: all objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality; nature transformed by man; man-made society; culture in its broadest sense. And also: training and education. Subjective: heredity; attitudes and values ​​of a person; individual psychological characteristics(character, ability, learning ability, education, etc.). In general, there are three main factors affecting human development:

Heredity.

Wednesday.

Upbringing.

The influence of heredity is manifested in the degree and speed of human development at different age stages. The influence of the environment is manifested in the peculiarities of the assimilation of typical models of behavior. Education is viewed as a purposeful, specially organized pedagogical interaction between the educator and the educated person, the purpose of which is the development and formation of a person's personality.

There is a special style of upbringing in each socio-culture, it is determined by what society expects from a child. At each stage of his development, the child either integrates with society or is rejected. The well-known psychologist E. Erickson introduced the concept of "group identity", which is formed from the first days of life, the child is focused on being included in a certain social group, begins to understand the world as this group. But gradually, the child also develops "ego-identity", a sense of stability and continuity of his "I", despite the fact that there are many processes of change. The formation of ego-identity is a long-term process that includes a number of stages of personality development. Each stage is characterized by tasks of this age, and tasks are put forward by society. But the solution of problems is determined by the already achieved level of psychomotor development of a person and the spiritual atmosphere of the society in which a person lives. At the stage of infancy the main role in the child's life is played by the mother, she feeds, looks after, gives affection, care, as a result of which the child develops a basic trust in the world. Basic trust manifests itself in ease of feeding, good dream child, normal work intestines, the child's ability to calmly wait for the mother (does not shout, does not call, the child seems to be sure that the mother will come and do what is needed). The dynamics of the development of trust depends on the mother. A severe deficit in emotional communication with the baby leads to a sharp slowdown mental development child. 2nd stage early childhood is associated with the formation of autonomy and independence, the child begins to walk, learns to control himself when performing acts of defecation; society and parents teach the child to be neat, tidy, begin to shame for "wet pants". At the age of 3-5 years, on 3rd stage, the child is already convinced that he is a person, since he runs, knows how to speak, expands the area of ​​mastering the world, the child develops a sense of entrepreneurship, initiative, which is laid in the game. Play is very important for a child's development, i.e. forms initiative, creativity, the child masters relationships between people through play, develops his psychological capabilities: will, memory, thinking, etc. But if parents strongly suppress the child, do not pay attention to his games, then this negatively affects the development of the child, contributes to the consolidation of passivity , insecurity, guilt. In junior school age (4th stage) the child has already exhausted the possibilities of development within the framework of the family, and now the school introduces the child to knowledge about future activities, transfers the technological egos of culture. If a child successfully masters knowledge, new skills, he believes in himself, he is confident, calm, but failures in school lead to the emergence, and sometimes to the consolidation of a feeling of his inferiority, lack of faith in himself, despair, loss of interest in learning. V adolescence (5th stage) a central form of self-identity is formed. Rapid physiological growth, puberty, concern about how he looks in front of others, the need to find his professional vocation, abilities, skills - these are the questions that confront a teenager, and these are already society's requirements for a teenager about self-determination. On the 6th stage(youth) for a person, it becomes relevant to search for a life partner, close cooperation with people, strengthening ties with the entire social group, a person is not afraid of depersonalization, he mixes his identity with other people, there is a feeling of closeness, unity, cooperation, intimacy with certain people. However, if the diffusion of identity also passes to this age, the person becomes isolated, isolation, loneliness becomes fixed. 7th - central station adiya is the adult stage of personality development. Identity development goes on throughout life, there is an impact on the part of other people, especially children: they confirm that they need you. Positive symptoms of this stage: the person invests himself in good, beloved work and caring for children, is satisfied with himself and life. After 50 years ( 8th stage) a complete form of ego-identity is created on the basis of the entire path of personality development, a person rethinks his whole life, realizes his “I” in spiritual thoughts about the years he has lived. A person must understand that his life is a unique destiny that does not have to be crossed, a person “accepts” himself and his life, realizes the need for a logical conclusion of life, shows wisdom, a detached interest in life in the face of death.

Ways and conditions for the implementation of harmonious personality development.

Harmonious development of the personality is a process of coordinated enrichment of the rational-logical and emotional-psychological spheres of the spiritual world of a person, which presupposes the achievement of the unidirectionality of his mind, will and feelings. The upbringing of "harmoniously free humanity" was the pedagogical ideal of I.V. Goethe ("Wilhelm Meister") - the development of all valuable human abilities in perfect balance.

Personality education. Good breeding and education. Self-education... Unlike socialization, in the process of which the influence on the personality occurs in many respects unorganized or spontaneously, upbringing is a purposeful action on the personality.

Upbringing in the narrow sense of the word is aimed at achieving a certain upbringing of a person, that is, it is associated with a specific process of the formation of moral, aesthetic, sanitary and hygienic and other personality traits.

Different types of societies at different times understood the meaning and purpose of education in different ways. In the modern era, the goal of upbringing is to form a personality that values ​​the ideals of freedom, democracy, humanism, justice and has scientific views on the world around it.

Oriented to the ideal of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality, educational work in educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus is designed to focus on achieving the following goals: - forming the identity of a citizen responsible for the fate of his Motherland; - familiarizing pupils with universal human values, the formation of appropriate behavior; - the development of a growing person's creativity, that is, the ability to be creative; - assistance in the formation of the "I-concept" of the personality in its self-realization. In contrast to technocratic, authoritarian pedagogy, the humanistic system of education proclaims the following principles: - respectful relationship between teachers and pupils, tolerance for the opinion of pupils, a kind and attentive attitude towards them. This creates psychological comfort in which the developing personality feels protected, needed, significant; - nature-conformity of upbringing, which presupposes the obligatory consideration of gender, age and other natural characteristics of pupils; - cultural conformity of upbringing, that is, reliance in the educational process on the national-cultural traditions of their people, national-ethnic rituals, habits; - humanization and aestheticization of the internal and external environment of the educational institution, the environment of life and development of pupils.

The basis of the content of such an upbringing system, according to the famous Russian teacher V.A.Karakovsky, should be human values: Man, Family, Labor, Knowledge, Culture, Fatherland, Earth, World. The assimilation of these values ​​should give rise to good traits in a person, high moral needs and actions. The essence of a truly humanistic attitude to the upbringing of a child is expressed in the thesis of his activity as a full-fledged subject, and not an object of upbringing. The child's own activity is a necessary condition educational process... It is important to build the pedagogical process in such a way that the educator guides the child's activities, organizing his active self-education by performing independent and responsible actions. The condition for the effectiveness of upbringing is an independent choice or conscious acceptance by children of the content and goals of upbringing. To educate means to direct the development of a person's subjective world, on the one hand, acting in accordance with that moral model, an ideal that embodies the demand of society for a growing person, and on the other hand, pursuing the goal of maximizing the development of the individual characteristics of each child. Modern approaches to education. V modern pedagogy there are the following approaches to education: systemic, activity-relational, personality-oriented and others. The systematic approach to upbringing is that upbringing activity is considered and organized as a system of interrelated conditions and factors of personality formation. The expediency of its application is explained as follows: - since a forming personality is a holistic education, then it should be brought up in an integrated pedagogical process, where the target component, meaningful, organizational-activity and evaluative-productive, are interconnected to the maximum extent; - with this approach, a system of conditions necessary and sufficient for self-realization, creative self-expression and personal growth of pupils is specially modeled; - a unique image of an educational and upbringing institution is formed by expanding the natural and social environment of the pupils' life; - the personnel, financial and material and technical resources of the educational institution are used optimally. Activity-relational approach consists in the fact that by including the pupil in a variety of activities to master social experience and skillfully stimulating his activity or attitude to this activity, it is possible to carry out his effective upbringing. Supporters of this approach (Kharlamov I.F. and others) believe that by itself, external educational influence does not always lead to the desired result. It can cause both positive and negative reactions in the educated person, or it can be neutral. Only under the condition that the upbringing effect causes an internal emotional and sensory experience (attitude) in the personality and excites her own activity in working on herself, does it have a developing influence on the personality. Being consolidated and becoming habitual, such relationships determine the stable behavior of a person in any conditions, that is, they become personal qualities. Person-centered approach based on the ideas of the humanistic direction in psychology and pedagogy. For example, K. Rogers, expressing his pedagogical views, argued that the basis for changes in human behavior is his ability to grow, develop and learn, based on his own experience. You cannot change someone by transferring a ready-made experience to him. An atmosphere that is conducive to human development can be created. The personality-oriented approach provides and supports the processes of self-knowledge, self-creation, self-realization of the individual, the development of his unique individuality. The teacher, in line with this approach, encourages pupils to make moral choices, presenting material for analysis. At the same time, the means of education are discussions, role-playing games, discussion of situations, analysis and resolution of simulated conflicts. Despite the fact that any upbringing is personality-oriented, the legitimacy of the name of this approach is justified by the fact that here priority is given not to external factors of upbringing, but to a developing, self-actualizing personality in the upbringing process. Parenting methods- these are ways to achieve a given educational goal. These are the ways of the educator's influence on the consciousness, will, feelings, behavior of pupils in order to develop their beliefs and behavior skills.

In accordance with one of the existing classifications of educational methods, three groups of methods are distinguished: 1) methods of forming the consciousness of an individual (stories on ethical topics, conversations, suggestions, disputes, an example, etc.); 2) methods of organizing activities (exercise, requirement, accustoming, method of instructions, etc.); 3) methods of stimulation (competition, encouragement, punishment, etc.). Separate rules and conditions are put forward for the use of each method of education, while it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the pupil in order for a positive educational effect to follow. So, for example, there are rules for the competent use of such a method as punishment: - the child must understand what he is being punished for; - the punishment must be proportionate to the offense; - the punishment should not offend the dignity of the child (should not be humiliating); - if there is a choice to punish or not, it is better not to punish; - the punishment must not cause physical harm. Pedagogy recommends those who aspire to become a good teacher, follow consistently and rigorously the following commandments. The commandments of the modern educator: - never educate in a bad mood; - clearly define what you want from the child and explain to him, find out what he thinks about this; - provide independence. Educate, but do not control every step; - it is best not to suggest a ready-made solution, but to show the way to it; - When success is achieved, do not forget to praise the child. Praise not in general - but specifically; - any remark should be made immediately after an error; - the main thing is to evaluate the deed, not the personality; - touch the child and thereby make you feel that you sympathize with his mistake, believe in him despite the mistake; - education should be phased. The task of the educator is to timely and accurately raise the bar, guided by a system of promising goals; - the educator must be strict, but kind. Good breeding- this is the whole set of personal qualities, containing a variety of traits and properties formed in the process of education. For example, politeness as an element of good breeding is formed on the basis of the integration of the developed habits of greeting, giving way to adults, and thanking for certain services. Then more complex features of this quality are developed: the ability to show courtesy, signs of attention and courtesy; readiness for mutual assistance; the necessary culture of speech, communication, etc. Good breeding criteria are subdivided into hard and soft: - hard criteria are statistical indicators characterizing the general level of education of young people: the number of offenses committed; the number of young people serving sentences for crimes; the number of divorces and broken families; the number of children abandoned by their parents; the rate of spread of drunkenness, smoking, drug addiction, prostitution, etc .; - soft criteria help educators to get a general idea of ​​the course and results of the educational process. For example, the criteria of aesthetic upbringing can be: completeness and versatility of aesthetic knowledge, aesthetic interests and needs, the need to communicate with art, the manifestation of aesthetic feelings when communicating with beauty, the depth of perception of works of art, the ability and need to aesthetically transform the surrounding reality. Methods for diagnosing good breeding: observation, questioning, testing, conversations with pupils and their parents, analysis of the results of pupils' activities, sociometric methods and a pedagogical council. The results of upbringing are most often delayed. And the criteria and methods available today in pedagogy do not make it possible to diagnose often hidden personality traits deeply and reliably enough. Therefore, the assessment of education, according to the Russian professor I.P. Podlasogo, should be based on the general moral orientation of the individual, and not on its individual qualities. At the same time, the behavior of the pupil should not be considered outside the context of his motivation. Sometimes even the most humane actions, supposedly testifying to a person's upbringing, are in fact caused by not the best motives. Along with upbringing, among the characteristics of a personality, there is an education that is defined as a need and ability for self-education. Self-education- This is a person's activity aimed at changing his personality in accordance with consciously set goals, established ideals and beliefs. Self-education presupposes a certain level of development of self-awareness, the ability to analyze and compare their actions with the actions of other people. Self-education should be based on adequate self-esteem, corresponding to the real abilities of a person, on a critical analysis of their individual characteristics and potential capabilities. As the degree of awareness increases, self-education becomes an increasingly significant force in the self-development of an individual. It is inextricably linked with education, not only reinforcing, but also developing the process of personality formation. Self-education is carried out on the basis of goals formulated by a person, a program of action, monitoring the implementation of the program, evaluating the results obtained and self-correction. Self-education methods:- self-knowledge, which includes self-observation, introspection, self-assessment, self-comparison; - self-observation based on self-belief, self-control, self-caprice, self-hypnosis, self-strengthening, self-confession, self-compulsion; - self-stimulation, which presupposes self-encouragement, self-encouragement, self-punishment and self-restraint.

Socialization of the individual. Personal development is a process of quantitative and qualitative changes in the body and psyche of a person, it is the process of his spiritual formation. Development takes place in three main areas:

in the anatomical and physiological sphere (the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, all physiological processes develop);

in the mental sphere (there is an enrichment of the fund of conditioned reflexes, the development of mental processes);

in the social sphere (the development of the child as a member of society, the accumulation of various social experiences by him).

Personal development- this is not only the result of heredity and the purposeful educational impact on it from the family, school and other social institutions. Personal development is also influenced by informal associations, work collectives, friends, acquaintances and many other social factors. The most adequate concept, covering the entire space of social influences on the emerging personality, is the concept of socialization. Socialization of an individual is the process of assimilation by a person of social experience, that is, social norms, values, attitudes, roles and rules of behavior inherent in a given society or social group. At the same time, the individual retains his autonomy in relation to society. She selectively introduces proposed or imposed social norms into her system of behavior. Carrying out this or that choice, the personality, as it were, creates itself. All this takes place in the process of actively transforming social experience into personal values ​​and guidelines.

Stages of socialization: - primary socialization, or the stage of adaptation - from birth to adolescence, when the child assimilates social experience uncritically, adapts, adapts, imitates; - the stage of individualization - there is a desire to distinguish oneself from others, a critical attitude to social norms of behavior. In adolescence, this stage is characterized as intermediate socialization, since not everything is still settled in the worldview and character of the adolescent. But in adolescence(18-25 years old) the stage of individualization is characterized as stable conceptual socialization, when stable personality traits are developed; - the stage of integration - there is a desire to find their place in society. Integration goes well if personality traits are accepted by a group or society. If they are not accepted, then two outcomes are possible: a) preservation of one's dissimilarity and the emergence of aggressive relationships with people and society; b) changing oneself, striving to become “like everyone else”, conformism, conciliation, adaptation. - the labor stage of socialization covers the entire period of a person's maturity, when he not only assimilates social experience, but also enriches it in the process of active social activity. Thus, the process of socialization is carried out throughout a person's life, and not only in childhood or adolescence. In the socialization of young people, especially important role parents and peers play. At the same time, parents lay down basic principles and long-term goals, while peers influence more on momentary behavior, appearance, choice of vacation spot, friends, etc. Peer groups also facilitate the transition of young people from dependence to independence, from childhood to adulthood. Socialization has its costs. On the one hand, a person who easily adapts to more and more new social communities can also easily lose their individual uniqueness. Constantly striving to meet the expectations of others can lead to her alienation from her essence. On the other hand, violations can lead to social or deviant behavior, that is, deviating from the one cultivated in a given society. The reasons for deviations in the behavior of young people arise as a result of the political, socio-economic and environmental instability of society, the increased influence of pseudoculture, changes in the value orientations of young people, and as a result of unfavorable family and domestic relations, lack of control over behavior due to the excessive employment of parents and other social factors. Varieties of deviant behavior:- delinquent behavior - characterized by a tendency to delinquency or crime; - addictive behavior - involves the use of any substances or specific activity in order to escape from reality and obtain the desired emotions.

The birth of a child is not only a great happiness, but also a great responsibility for parents. After all, it depends on mom and dad how physically, mentally and emotionally developed their baby will grow up. It is not a parent's job to simply stand on the sidelines and watch their child grow up. They need to try to help the baby so that he grows up as a versatile personality. In our article, we will consider what is the harmonious development of children. We will definitely dwell on the methods and principles of upbringing, talk about the need to create conditions for the comprehensive development of the child, present advice and recommendations from psychologists.

What is the harmonious development of a child's personality?

Raising children is a complex and responsible process. And the main goal, the so-called ideal, is the "creation" of a harmoniously developed personality. It's just that it's impossible to choose a single template that suits a particular child, since every person, starting from the moment of his birth, is an individuality.

The harmonious development of the child's personality as a goal involves the upbringing of a comprehensively developed person: physically, psychologically, intellectually. All these sides are equally important and complement each other in every possible way. It is impossible to achieve harmony as a whole if you do not pay enough attention to each component:

1. Physical development involves the development of the body. A healthy, strong and resilient person will easily perceive different energy flows.
2. Psychological development touches on emotional sphere, soul. Starting from childhood, a person learns to master art, appreciate beauty, etc.
3. Intellectual development... During his life, a person must know the world and himself. The task of mom and dad is to help the child to realize their mental abilities to the maximum.

Parents must combine all three components together and create all the necessary conditions for the all-round development of their child.

When to start raising a child?

Infancy is the first step towards harmonious development. Children absorb all information like a sponge, therefore, engage in their upbringing and formation intellectual abilities follows from birth - at three or five years old it may be too late. Scientists studying human potential have come to the conclusion that 1.5-2 years is the optimal age to teach a child to read.

The generally accepted methods used today are not aimed at the harmonious development of the individual, but at the upbringing of a person who is comfortable for society. They are based on literally driving knowledge into the child's head, making him obedient for parents, polite for teachers, etc. At the same time, parents who want their baby to grow up harmoniously developed should not rely too much on kindergartens and schools. ... It is necessary not to impose the responsibility for education on state structures, but to do it independently. But the main thing is that you need to do this with love for your child.

General principles of harmonious development

When raising children, you should adhere to the following principles:

1. There is no need to instill in a child the idea that adults are smarter than children just because they are older than them.
2. Not to teach children, but to stimulate their interest in learning so that they can learn it themselves.
3. Do not force children to do something without their desire, try not to use coercive measures in relation to them, except for those cases when you cannot do without it.
4. Adults should reckon with the child's choice and agree with him only if he (the choice) is not capable of harming their health.
5. The process of acquiring knowledge is more important than the result.

For the all-round harmonious development of the child, it is important to devote enough time to the education of the soul. This concept includes art, communication with nature, knowledge of the laws of nature and the laws by which people live, the ability to love oneself and loved ones. In this regard, you should not rely too much on educational institutions. The best upbringing and development can give a child loving parents.

Parenting methods

In the process of harmonious development of children, the following upbringing methods are used:

1. Suggestion. The method involves the impact on the emotions, feelings of the child, and through them on his will and mind. As a result of suggestion or self-hypnosis, a person begins to worry about his actions, to analyze them.
2. Belief. This method is based on the logical conclusions made by the child. Belief contributes to the formation of attitudes or concepts. To implement the method, fables, excerpts from literary works, historical analogies are used.
3. The exercise. The purpose of this method is the formation of skills and habits as a result of repeated repetition of similar actions, bringing them to automatism.
4. Promotion. The method is a positive assessment of the child's actions. This is approval, praise, gratitude, reward. Encouragement builds self-confidence and self-confidence.

When choosing a particular method of upbringing, it is important to take into account the child's age, age and personality characteristics.

Harmony is the development of all aspects of human activity. Both body and soul should develop equally. If parents want their baby to be healthy, smart and cheerful, in the process of raising him they must pay attention to his harmonious physical development.

A child who receives feasible physical activity increases his functional capabilities. He learns to rationally use his internal reserves of energy and do much more than his peers. Simultaneously with physical activity, the development of intelligence occurs. It is not at all necessary (although this will only be beneficial) to send the child to sports sections. It is enough to replace them with daily exercises and active walks (with a bicycle, scooter, roller skates, etc.).

What is needed for the comprehensive development of a 1 year old child?

A baby who is not yet 12 months old already has a huge potential for development. Therefore, the task of the parents is to make full use of it. And for this they should follow some rules:

1. Create a developing atmosphere for the child. We are talking not only about expensive and functional toys, but also about joint walks with the study of everything that surrounds the baby around: trees, insects, etc.
2. Carry the baby in your arms. In the immediate vicinity of the mother, the baby feels safe, which means that he grows up more psychologically stable and calm.
3. Talk to your child a lot. For the harmonious development of children in a family, it is important from birth to form a positive attitude towards the world in the child. First, this happens through affectionate appeals to the baby, and a little later through funny songs, nursery rhymes and jokes.
4. Don't compare your child to other children. Each baby has its own innate abilities, so you should not try to overtake someone in development and demand unbearable results.

Conditions for the harmonious development of a preschool child

These conditions include:

From the age of nine, the child experiences both physical and emotional changes. All feelings and emotions are manifested very violently. Teenagers become too irritable, offended by trifles. You should know that such changes are quite natural for this age.

During adolescence, it can be difficult to communicate with peers and with parents. During this period, it is important not to exert strong pressure on the child (especially by introducing a system of prohibitions), to try to find with him mutual language... For the harmonious development of a teenager it is necessary:

• teach him to manage his emotions;
• avoid categorical and maximalism;
• think positively;
• provide adequate nutrition, adequate time for sleep and rest;
• control studies;
• monitor compliance with the daily routine.

Despite the workload, try to find time to communicate with the child, walk on fresh air, outdoor recreation, physical education and sports.

Recommendations for education and harmonious development of personality

The following advice from psychologists will be very useful for parents of children of any age:

1. Accept the child as he is.
2. Do not assume that the child is his property.
3. Love your child, be honest with him and be patient with your child.
4. Don't take parenting too seriously.
5. Respect your child.
6. Provide the child with freedom in his development and in the choice of what he wants to do.

Using the very best modern techniques will be completely useless for the harmonious development of children in the absence of love and understanding on the part of his parents.

Hello dear readers. In today's article, you will find out what a harmonious personality development is. Find out how the behavior of people living in harmony with their inner world and environment... Consider the basic principles, how the formation of such a personality takes place. Let's talk about the problem of disharmony.

Definition of the concept

A harmonious personality is a person who has optimally integrated dynamic internal structures, consistency with the world around him, and normal life activity. A person who is harmoniously developed is an individual who has uniform development in all areas of his activity, who has no internal conflicts, internal harmony is evident. Such an individual has achievements in various directions, but he has special skills or abilities that stand out from the rest.

A person who has a balance between the inner and outer world is called harmonious.

1. Internal harmony is understood as the awareness of one's own "I". A person has no internal contradictions, he realized his strengths and weaknesses, accepted himself as he is.
2. External harmony is spoken of when a person does not have any problems with the world around him. The individual has a good relationship with relatives, colleagues, friends and even unfamiliar people.

A harmoniously developed person pleases those around him with his ability to get along, the ability to adapt to changing conditions, and mental health.

The upbringing of a harmonious personality is directly related to the formation of life values ​​and motives. In order for a person to find harmony, he must have a balance between such personal neoplasms:

• motives;
• needs;
• self-esteem;
• value orientations;
• the image of "I".

Harmonious and diversified development personality is called the formation of abilities, various interests corresponding to different spheres of a person's life, the predominance of the most significant personal spheres.

Characteristic manifestations of a harmoniously developed person

You can call yourself harmoniously developed in the presence of the following manifestations:

• the presence of a calm mood, the predominance of positive emotions;
• the main life support is “I myself”, I do not blame my problems on the circumstances;
• a positive attitude towards one's own person, even if certain shortcomings are identified;
• flexibility of the emotional state;
• Availability ;
• acceptance of what is “evil” and “good”, that there is a “dark” and “light side” in the world;
• a real look at what is happening in the outside world;
• good relationships with family members, colleagues and friends;
• the presence of life goals and their achievement;
• general satisfaction with life;
• the ability to limit oneself in desires, to choose priority ones;
• moderate manifestation;
• friendly attitude towards strangers;
• the ability to properly spend energy;
• desire to learn everything new;
• unity with natural resources, a sense of the beauty of nature;
• the presence of creative activity.

The problem of disharmony

It is also important to know about characteristic manifestations disharmonious personality:

• isolation;
• disturbances in the emotional sphere;
• unmotivated;
• behavior problems;
• the presence of doubts and fears.

The presence of the above character traits leads to the development of inadequate self-esteem.

In disharmonious individuals, a conscious life and unconscious affects interfere with normal life and personality development. It is obvious, which leads to the impossibility of making decisions correctly, adequately reacting to them even in elementary situations. Both external and internal conditions can influence the development of such conflicts.

1. External ones are characterized by the inability to satisfy deeply significant motives. A person has a contradiction between his desire and what he can really do. It is important to decide on life priorities. Sometimes it will not be superfluous to visit a psychologist or psychotherapist, because the problem may be hidden deeply, for example, the presence is possible.
2. Internal can include subjective insolubility, the problematic nature of the situation that has arisen. Such an intrapersonal conflict can be resolved only if the individual changes his attitude towards a particular case, and new motives are formed in him, allowing him to return to normal life.

How to cultivate a harmonious personality

There are certain principles, adherence to which will allow you to find harmony over time.

1. It is important to always be yourself. Today you can meet people who do not want to demonstrate true feelings even to themselves, they limit themselves to far-fetched norms and rules. As a result, it turns out that the person himself does not know what exactly he wants. In view of this, he does not achieve any success, because without knowing what you want, you cannot achieve what you want. Therefore, stop following the imposed stereotypes, understand that you have to be yourself, do not be shy about your desires and achieve what you really want.
2. Don't be afraid of change. Of course, many people plan their lives ahead of time. However, no one is immune from possible changes, unforeseen situations. A harmoniously developed person differs from an ordinary person in that he allows himself to make mistakes, he does not blame himself for the fact that something went wrong as he would like, he is able to adapt to changes, does not take possible failures to heart.
3. Don't remember the bad. Over the years, some people carry some kind of negative information, keep in their memory something that even today delivers unpleasant emotions. It is correct to want to let go of the past, to understand that it cannot be changed, that it should not affect the future.
4. See the beauty of the surrounding world. It is important to learn to recognize the beauty around you. Many of us are used to monotonous everyday life, not noticing what is happening around. Few people pay attention to the singing of birds, to the dew on the leaves of trees, to the first buds or open buds of flowers. And sometimes you should not rush at a breakneck speed to work or study, but stop for a second and look around, notice the beauty of nature. You also need to go to the forest more often, to go to the park in order to be in direct contact with the outside world.
5. Laughter prolongs life. It is scientifically proven that people who have a positive attitude towards life are significantly less likely to be exposed. Positive emotions have a beneficial effect on overall health. The level of a person decreases.

An individual who wants to find harmony needs to learn to adhere to the following practices:

• self-control - it is important to learn how to resist your addictions, to control them;
• the ability to analyze committed actions, on the basis of them to draw conclusions - this allows you to understand the true desire, to make your actions responsible and conscious;
• the ability to analyze your thoughts.

Now you know what the formation of a harmonious personality is. As you can see, a person should strive for harmony with his inner, spiritual world and everything that surrounds him. Try to change your life in better side, strive for harmony.

Early development is becoming more and more popular. He has both supporters and opponents. Many mothers and teachers talk about the need early learning and development... And they mean different things by these words. Some insist on learning from the cradle, study with babies foreign languages, teach to read the crawling toddler, hanging large printed letters around the house. Others talking about early development, imply age, not "outstripping" rates. Still others teach newborn babies to dive and "put" one-year-old toddlers on skis. In any case, starting classes with a child, everyone wishes him only the best.

We turned to child psychologists for comments in order to understand how to grow a harmonious personality and not harm the child with early knowledge and skills.

Victoria Melnikova, child psychologist:

I really like the metaphor of psychologist Svetlana Royz that age is a step, each of them has its own task. And if the task of the previous step has not been solved, then it is "weak". And then on the step higher there is a risk of falling through to the previous one. Additional load (not for age-related tasks) is always imposed to the detriment of the function that should develop in given age... The task of a child under two years old is physical development: crawling, jumping, rolling over, and so on. If you start, for example, to learn letters at this age, then this will happen to the detriment of physical development. Or, for example, a child with insufficiently mastered communication skills (a sensitive period for the formation of this function from 4 to 7 years old), having come to school, will be busy not with the learning process, but with building relationships, that is, with the tasks of the previous stage of development.

- What age, in this case, do you consider the most suitable for classes with a baby?

If the lessons coincide with the tasks of the age, then they can be dealt with from birth (of course, in accordance with the child's capabilities). Suitable, for example, various tactile exercises, movement, such as exercises, massages with strokes and nursery rhymes. If we are talking about writing, reading and counting, then the child's brain is ready for this by the age of 6-7 years. Mastering these skills in more early age perhaps, but at the expense of other mental processes, such as memory.

For the full development of a child, it is important to take into account the tasks of age. Thanks to this, we will ensure the timeliness of certain activities for the child.

- How to play with a toddler to meet age-specific goals?

Up to 2 years of age, the development of sensory systems continues, which means, in addition to movement, for the benefit of the child to taste, smell, listen, touch ... If, for example, talk about hearing, then you can play, "exploring" with the baby what sounds various subjects... And here you can give free rein to your imagination: knock on pots with a spoon, play on a toy flute and listen to the piano. From two to four years of age, the child's "I" appears. It is important to remember that the brighter this manifestation, the stronger the child's self in perspective. Consequently, the greater the contribution to independence, to self-reliance in the future.

- What toys could be used for the harmonious development of sensory systems?

In general, I would advise not to overuse the number of toys. The value of fun is in how much time an adult can spend alone with a child playing it. When developing a baby, it is important to remember that the most important thing is the quality of contact. If the parent feels the child, his needs and desires, knows how to accept his feelings, then games and toys are secondary. Taking into account the tasks of the age, it is almost impossible to harm a child, and feeling your baby - it is impossible to overdo it.

Nadezhda Navrotskaya, psychologist, art therapist and mother of three children:

The principle close to me, which is the basis for the harmonious formation of personality, isdevelopment of sensitivity... What does it mean? In practice, sensitivity is a high sensitivity and susceptibility. To color, sounds and music, touch, taste, smell. It is the ability to understand emotional condition other people, to see and feel the beautiful, to align, empathize, compassion and love. A newborn baby has everything it needs to develop sensitivity: high sensitivity nervous system and a loving family. These two factors are sufficient for most children. But it is still possible to increase the level of sensitivity development. Indeed, in life it affects the ability to see the beautiful, subtly feel colors, lines, movements, sounds, and react to the emotions of other people. This makes it possible to feel life in all its bright colors. People with high sensitivity are more humane, easier to establish contacts with others, it is easier for them to gain trust and build understanding.

One way or another, we are moving towards a world whose main value is communication. Suppress, show force, humiliate - these are ways to build an aggressive dialogue, which in the civilized world cease to work. People with these strategies become unsuccessful.

- What can help teach a child to feel the environment more subtly?

Any games in which a child learns to understand the emotions of another, learns to see the beauty of lines, the influence of sound, destructiveness, or vice versa, filling with energy from food - it all works. All babies can be stroked gently. With older children - engage with the help of certain toys. With grown-up kids - connect creativity.

For kids who are just learning to manipulate toys, it is important to have different textures. These should be the most vivid natural materials, preferably natural shades. Ideal if the toy makes various soft sounds. Books with inserts of different textures are very good. Wonderful fun that is a thing of the past - wooden xylophones and little gusli, on which we played by sheet music. Many kids like Stuffed Toys that are pleasant to the touch.

- What toys are better to be afraid of?

My advice would be to avoid acid colors that make loud and fake sounds from plastic toys. Since all the sensations from using such an object are quite destructive, the psyche can simply "turn off" the impact on the analyzer, that is, reduce the sensitivity.

Now there are more and more man-made toys. This is understandable, the world is becoming just like that - everything is subordinated to the process of material production and consumption. But we remain alive people who need inner spiritual restoration. And one of better ways to draw strength, in my opinion, is nature. Let the children have more of such natural corners, simple natural toys, among which they can not lose themselves.

Prepared by Tatiana Smolenskaya