MILITARY-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH

A.G. Solomatina, teacher of physical education,

Russia, Tula, GPOU TO "Tula State Municipal Construction College", [email protected]

Traditions of military-patriotic education of youth in the State Public Educational Institution of the Tula State Communal Construction Technical School (from work experience).

Key words: military-patriotic education, physical and psychological training, students, military-sports games, competitions, service in the ranks of the Armed Forces.

The life of society today poses the most serious tasks in the field of education and training of the new generation. The state needs healthy, courageous, courageous, proactive, disciplined, literate people who would be ready to learn, work for its benefit and, if necessary, stand up for its defense.The devaluation of spiritual values ​​has had a negative impact on the public consciousness of the majority of the country's population, the educational impact of Russian culture and art as the most important factors in the formation of patriotism has sharply decreased. The national question has become significantly aggravated. In some places, patriotism began to degenerate into nationalism. Indifference, selfishness, individualism, cynicism, unmotivated aggressiveness, and a disrespectful attitude towards the state and social institutions have become widespread in the public consciousness.

The situation in the field of pre-conscription training of young people is also characterized by a number of negative factors. The dominant ones include the following: a decrease in the health and physical development indicators of most of the recruits, a weak training system for military service, insufficient sports training, the lack of a single coordinated program of military-patriotic education, insufficient development of military-applied and technical sports. ...

One of the main reasons for the low quality of training of the young generation continues to be the weak level of the moral and psychological state of the bulk of citizens, associated with the lack of conscious motivation, as well as the weak material and technical base of patriotic education. First of all, insufficient funding at the regional and municipal levels; patriotic topics should be more represented in the media (media).

Military-patriotic education has a very special function that distinguishes it from other areas of educational work: to prepare young people for the most extreme situations defense of the Fatherland - to an armed struggle against the aggressor, to develop readiness for service in the Armed Forces of Russia and to carry on a daily struggle to preserve peace.

The criteria for military-patriotic education are: students have the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully fulfill their military duty to the Motherland; high discipline, direct military-patriotic activity as a factor in the formation of readiness to defend the fatherland; self-education as an indicator of active, conscious attitude young people to their military duty.

Despite the fact that in 2015. the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation stated "a tendency towards a decrease in the number of citizens who evade measures related to conscription for military service, the bulk of the first year students of our technical school, after a sociological survey, would like to find a way to avoid military" conscription. "

He stated that the level of physical training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation remains insufficient. First of all, he named the weak physical development conscripts and outdated infrastructure for sports.

Analyzing the testing of the level of preparedness of first-year students of the technical school, it should be concluded that the physical readiness of the young replenishment of the Armed Forces has deteriorated. In general, 30-40% of recruits have a low level of professionally significant physical qualities, military applied motor skills and abilities. If the speed-strength qualities of young people are at the proper level, then strength qualities are not developed in 25%, and endurance in 60% of students. There is a steady tendency for new troops to enter the troops with weakened health and a low level of physical fitness.

The relevance of military-patriotic education of young people in an educational institution is increasing, since it is precisely this that should make a significant contribution, and in some cases a decisive one, to the training of skilled and strong defenders of the Motherland.

The Tula State Municipal Construction College has developed its own traditions, which are supported annually. Military-patriotic work is carried out in three main areas.

1 Education on the military traditions of the people and the Armed Forces:

• events to perpetuate the memory of those who fell in the struggle for the independence of our Motherland (participation in rallies, parades, commemorative events);
• conducting excursions, lessons of Courage, meetings with war veterans;
• celebration memorable dates, holding contests, watching videos, presentations;
• messages about heroic events of national history, outstanding achievements in the field of politics, economics, science, culture, sports.

2 Participation in military sports games and competitions:

• paintball tournaments;
• Open military sports game "Victory";
• Regional military sports game "Defender of the Fatherland";
• military tactical game "Throw March";
• conducting a drill and a military-patriotic song;
• shooting tournaments;
• Spartakiad of young men of pre-conscription age;
• tourism competition.

3 Development of social partnership.

Work in this area is carried out through the expansion and development of cultural, educational, sports ties with various institutions, the participation of specialists from law enforcement agencies in conducting leisure activities, military field training and competitions.In the city of Tula in April 2015 was created club "Rusich" , its main purpose– military-patriotic, sports education of the younger generation, preparation for military service. On the basis of the club, the theoretical, physical and psychological preparation of young people for service in the army in the 106th Guards Red Banner Airborne Order of Kutuzov of the II degree of the division and other types of troops, formations, power structures of the Russian Federation, higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation takes place. Six of our students completed their basic military training at this club and received their diplomas.

The main form of military-patriotic education is participation in military-sports games and competitions.

Currently, among adolescents, there is an increase in interest in all kinds of games, sports associated with some kind of extreme experiences. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the urbanization of society and rapid technological progress so surrounded a person with comfort and all kinds of benefits of civilization, which led to the loss of the acuteness of emotional experiences, the appearance of hypodynamia.

Military sports games serve as a powerful protective tool against the “ideals” of the street, transferring positive social experience to adolescents, moral and physical improvement and the formation of patriotic consciousness.

The romance of feat on the battlefield in the name of protecting the beloved Motherland has always worried and will excite youthful hearts. To satisfy their craving for military knowledge, to give a correct idea of ​​some aspects of the field-combat life, to cultivate endurance, soldier's resourcefulness, determination and courage - this is the purpose of the military sports game.

The game teaches a person to those physical and psychological conditions that are necessary for the job. “What is a child like in a game,” wrote A.S. Makarenko, - this is how he will be at work when he grows up. "

The main motives that give students an interest in military sports games are the following: firstly, the desire to satisfy their desire for heroic deeds, to prove their adulthood, independence, to test their strengths and capabilities, to show personal qualities, to take a certain place in the team, assert yourself; secondly, the desire to acquire some primary military knowledge, skills and abilities in operations on the ground, as well as to develop a number of moral and volitional qualities necessary for active participation in the future in labor activity, defending their Fatherland.

The lessons learned in the military sports field help not only in preparing for military service, but also in life, realizing the principle of “relying on yourself”. I can say with confidence that the students participating in the military sports games are physically and psychologically ready for service in the Armed Forces. For them, service is a duty both to the Motherland and to those people who sacrificed their lives throughout history, so that we all live now.

Bibliography

1 Bondar N. G. Psychological readiness of young men for service in the armed silts of the Russian Federation / Psychological journal, 2010. - No. 4

2 Bolshakova T.V., Krivtsova S.V. Features of the socio-psychological adaptation of recruits / Personality in modern research, issue 10: Sat. scientific. tr. / Ryazan state. Honey. Univ. Ryazan, 2012.

3 Military-patriotic education of youth (Problems and experience): collection / comp. Yu. I. Deryugin. - M .: Patriot, 2011 .-- 210 p.

4 Soloviev V.A., Myasnikov V.R. Army conscription fell into a tailspin. / Independent Military Review. 2012.21 apr.

5 Sorokin M.A. Whom do we trust to defend the Fatherland. Today's Recruits / Sociological Research. - 2012. - No. 2.

Institute for Social and Political Research

under the Administration of the President of the Republic of Belarus

INFORMATION COLLECTION

№ 2 (15)

THE ROLE OF MILITARY-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH AT THE PRESENT STAGE

(PROTECTION OF SOVEREIGNTY AND INDEPENDENCE -

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONDITION

STRONG AND EFFECTIVE STATE)

(for outreach groups)

Minsk 2005

Introduction

The modern stage of the formation of public consciousness makes ever higher demands on the education of the country's population in the spirit of citizenship.

Patriotism must be viewed not only as the most important spiritual and social value of society, but also as component part Belarusian ideology.

It is important for a young man pondering his future life to constantly remember that along with the many professions given to him by society to choose from, there is one that he must master without fail. This is the profession of the defender of the Motherland.

Historically, the Belarusian people for many centuries had to fight against foreign invaders, to defend the right to their national existence.

We have the right to be proud of the military valor of the glorious sons and daughters of our Fatherland and strive to ensure that the memory of their great deeds and achievements will live forever.

Over the past decades, the world has changed irreversibly. Fundamentally new threats to national security have emerged. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the scale and nature of these changes in order to adequately respond to the new civilizational challenges of the 21st century.

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus have a special role in the patriotic education of youth. Army service teaches people spiritually and physically, teaches them to overcome hardships and hardships, value honor and dignity, friendship and comradeship.

Military-patriotic education, especially in the army environment, is aimed at fostering in young people love for the Motherland, respect for its history and national values, loyalty to duty and military traditions.

Service in the Armed Forces is a school of courage and civil maturity.

In the year of the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory Soviet people over fascism, military-patriotic work in youth labor and military collectives is acquiring special relevance.

Patriotic education -

part of ideological work

Today there is no need to prove that success in the socio-economic sphere of life depends not only on the material and financial condition of the family and the state as a whole, but also on a verified ideological state policy based on the values ​​of patriotism, love for the big and small Motherland.

And the majority of Belarusian citizens understand this very well. As can be seen from the sociological survey conducted by ISPI in December 2004, most of the 1,543 respondents answered that it is fundamentally important for them to love the place where they spent their childhood (88.9% of responses). Yes, a person is so arranged that even far from his homeland, in a time of difficult trials, he recalls the “blue handkerchief” of his beloved, the parental home, the mother at the cradle of the child. It is for the warmth of his home that he is ready to risk his life defending the Fatherland.

Love for the Motherland is a universal human moral value. It includes not only the sensual state of a person, but also his beliefs, views that are formed by society. The entire system of public and family education... Upbringing is a process of purposeful and systematic influence on a person in order to form the necessary vital guidelines, attitudes, stereotypes of thinking and behavior. In this process, the most effective ways and means of pedagogical influence on a person are used. Their arsenal is inexhaustible. Particular attention should be paid to the traditions and customs associated with military-patriotic education. A person must first of all be a toiler, a creator, and if circumstances require it, then a warrior, a defender of the small (father's house) and big (Belarus) Motherland.

The Belarusians never attacked anyone, but they always knew how to defend their native land from foreigners in spite of all adversity. Due to this, the continuity of traditions, customs, rituals is firmly held in their mentality (frame of mind).

Traditions have been created over the centuries, have become the basis of morality and the way of life of people in specific historical conditions. These days, progressive traditions are of the utmost importance. This can be traced to the example of the military-patriotic education of the younger generations. If the family values ​​the merits of grandfathers and fathers in defending the Fatherland, cares about the health and well-being of their elders, then this indicates a healthy moral and psychological climate in everyday life.

It is known that children, adolescents, young men and women tend to unite and group around a target attitude that is close in their interests. In this situation, the state system should come to the rescue. civic education, which invariably provides for a positive historical continuity through military-patriotic traditions. Recent history Belarus is a vivid confirmation of this.

Military-patriotic education cannot be carried out in a campaign, from time to time. This is the daily systematic work of all subjects of youth upbringing. Local executive and administrative authorities should take part not only in the implementation of a set of measures for the material and financial support of pre-conscription training of young men, the development of the material and technical base in museum and regional studies, club work, military sports games, but also ideological events. This is the personal participation of leaders of all ranks in meetings with students, workers and military youth; rewarding with valuable gifts, medals and certificates of war and labor veterans; lessons on citizenship, patriotism and courage; support for the experience of generalizing the historical path of generations, the best traditions in the region; production of pennants, booklets, stars to be attached to the homes of war veterans; publication of thematic journalistic materials, leaflets, essays; organization of traveling exhibitions dedicated to historical events and famous people; participation in TV shows, processions of veterans; laying wreaths at obelisks and tombs; creation of support centers and points of patriotic education of youth in individual schools, secondary specialized educational institutions, military camps.

It is also important to support the activities of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union, pioneer organizations, charitable associations in this direction. Principle: "Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten!" - must be carried out in practice. Sometimes roof repairs, firewood procurement, well cleaning and other practical everyday issues solved by local authorities with the help of young people bring much greater benefits of upbringing than beautiful words.

The responsibility of the representatives of the ideological vertical includes both ensuring the people's need for state symbols, and clarifying the semantic content of the anthem, flag, coat of arms of Belarus, the essence of which boils down to expressing the mentality of the Belarusian people: their peacefulness, diligence, goodwill.

In patriotic education, analogies of the feats of older generations with the feats of contemporaries are very important.

A monument to Sergei Ivanovich Gritsevets, the legendary pilot, a native of the Novogrudok district of the Grodno region, the son of a peasant, has been erected in Minsk. Having perfectly mastered the skills of flying, Sergei Gritsevets distinguished himself in the 30s of the last century in the skies of Spain, then in battles on Khasan and Khalkhin Gol. When Major Zabaluev's plane was shot down in the area of ​​the latter, the brave pilot unexpectedly landed on enemy territory. Before the Japanese samurai understood the essence of what was happening and opened fire on him, Sergey on his plane, together with a friend, soared under the clouds. There were other amazing feats of Gritsevets, who was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1939. During the Great Patriotic War, the baton from the glorious son of Belarus was taken over by other pilots, including Ivan Kozhedub and Alexander Pokryshkin, three times awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Adherents healthy way life has at its disposal the most modern sports facilities.

At the opening ceremony of the unique Republican ski center of the European level "Silichi" A. Lukashenko noted that "this is already the third large sports facility in Logoisk region ... The construction of" Silichi "is an example of the implementation of the state's social policy. The development of mass physical culture, sports and tourism is an important direction of effective educational work among young people, a factor in the country's international authority. Only thanks to a healthy lifestyle, active physical education and sports, Belarusians can become a strong and beautiful nation. Belarus was and will be a sports power! ”.

Head of state emphasized that it is physical culture and sports that contribute to the development harmonious personality, especially children. Attracting the younger generation to sports, physical activity, promotion of a healthy lifestyle are the priorities of the state leadership. Most importantly, noted The president, so that to physical culture and children were involved in sports. Good nutrition, a healthy lifestyle and sports are the recipe for health and beauty.

Culture.

National traditions

and patriotic education

National culture is the most important component of modern social life, a strategic spiritual resource of the nation. The cultural level of citizens largely determines the ideological, educational, spiritual and moral situation in civil society, the main directions of the state's development.

Achievements of national culture uplift people, contribute to the growth of patriotic consciousness, strengthen the image of the Republic of Belarus among the world community.

The best features of the national character and way of life - hard work and tolerance, peacefulness and humanism, hospitality and respect for other peoples - were formed through the centuries-old cultural heritage of the Belarusian ethnos.

Today, when the former hero-scientist, advanced machine operator, worker, milkmaid, collective farmer, cosmonaut, officer, warrior-patriot are practically ousted from the TV screen and from the print media, the national culture is called upon to protect us from what personifies the advanced level of market “democracy ": The imposition of legal nihilism, permissiveness, the cult of violence and moral maladjustment, the propaganda of deviant forms of sexuality (essentially moral deformity).

Whether we like it or not, but to turn to such a philosophical category as "patriotism", we are forced by the realities of modern life.

The law defines the legal basis for the creation and operation of religious organizations based on: the right of everyone to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion, as well as to equality before the law, regardless of attitude to religion; equality of religions before the law; recognition of the decisive role of the Orthodox Church in the historical formation and development of the spiritual, cultural and state traditions of the Belarusian people; spiritual, cultural and historical role of the Catholic Church on the territory of Belarus; inseparability from the common history of the people of Belarus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Judaism and Islam; the need to promote mutual understanding, tolerance and respect for the religious feelings of citizens in matters of freedom of conscience and religion.

In modern Belarus, where confessions are experiencing their Renaissance, Christian traditions are called upon to fulfill the functions of a harmonizing and stabilizing factor in society, contributing to the preservation of the existing social order.

The Christian ideological potential of humanistic asceticism stimulates not so much a withdrawal from the world in the name of one's own salvation, as an appeal to the highest examples of moral selflessness, service to the Motherland. The history of Christianity has revealed to society the ideals of mercy and devotion in the images of Belarusian saints-martyrs, enlighteners, church leaders (in the Belarusian Orthodox Church, for example, St. Casimir, St. Andrei Bobol, and others), which are guided by Belarusian Christians in their relationship to people and society.

Religion acquires a special psychological role during the war, when the need for self-sacrifice in the name of protecting relatives and friends, one's Fatherland is combined with the fear of death inherent in man.

The Christian tradition contains a number of provisions mobilizing a soldier for a feat of arms in the name of the Motherland. This is overcoming the fear of death in battle by believing in the immortality of the soul, in God's providence and in a just cause; understanding that resistance to evil by force and weapon is not a sin wherever it is objectively necessary, or where it turns out to be the only or least unrighteous outcome. The defense of the Fatherland has always been considered a sacred duty for our Christian ancestors. In this regard, the biblical commandment "Thou shalt not kill" was interpreted as follows: "The sixth commandment, God forbids: taking away people's lives by violence or cunning and in any way violating the safety and peace of their neighbor, and therefore this commandment also forbids quarrels, anger, hatred, envy, cruelty. But the one who kills the enemy in the war does not sin against the sixth commandment, because by war we defend the Faith, the Sovereign and our Fatherland. God himself blesses a just war, therefore he is called the Lord of armies. Military service is direct execution the commandment of the Lord: there is no more love than "to lay down his soul for his friends" (from the "Short prayer book for Orthodox soldiers". Moscow, 1915).

The patriotic tradition of Belarusians, based on Christian norms, developed the potential that helped our people to consolidate, survive and defeat the enemy during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Considering the highest mobilizing role of religion, during the Great Patriotic War, the attitude of the Soviet state, which chose atheism as its state ideology, towards religious organizations significantly transformed. State-church relations were legalized. In 1943-1944. The Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Council for the Affairs of Religious Cults were created, the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church resumed its activities, the previously repressed bishops began to be released, and the journal of the Moscow Patriarchate began to be published.

Today it can be argued that in the Republic of Belarus there has been a complete restoration of the historically established confessional structure, where the largest part by the number of believers is Orthodox Christians. Christian traditions have a great influence on many aspects of the life of the Belarusian society. Although this influence is most pronounced in the spiritual sphere, social and family life, it also noticeably affects many aspects of material culture, traditional economic activities, political orientation, and has a significant impact on the formation of patriotic consciousness.

With the creation of the independent state of the Republic of Belarus, a fundamentally new confessional formation took shape, corresponding to the status of this state - the Belarusian Orthodox Church. The processes of the formation of the Belarusian Church are also actively underway. There is a revival of spiritual traditions, including military-patriotic traditions. This is confirmed by a number of agreements concluded by the Belarusian state with the Belarusian Orthodox Church, including an agreement between the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus and the Belarusian Orthodox Church, aimed at the military-patriotic and spiritual-moral education of military personnel and the social and psychological work of the Church in the army.

According to contemporary Orthodox authors, the political meaning of the existence of an army based on Christian principles lies in the struggle for a just cause, in the prevention of wars, in the ability to self-defense, in establishing a lasting peace, in resisting violence. The army is called upon to suppress evil, effectively restrain any potential aggressors (external and internal), convincingly demonstrate in practice the effectiveness of the well-known biblical dictum "He who raises the sword from the sword and will die" and thereby contribute to the sustainable development of a strong and effective state.

Of course, representatives of not only the Orthodox confession serve in the Belarusian army. So, in the defense of the borders of our country, only in 2004, dozens of border guards of the Catholic faith showed the best Christian qualities - valor, courage and courage. Representatives of other confessions honestly fulfill their duties in the service of the Motherland. The Belarusian state shows openness and is ready to cooperate in the matter of patriotic education with all religions historically widespread in our country.

The balanced position of the state, the search for compromises on the way of creating a harmonious society contribute to the fact that in the present period the state ideology also includes common Christian values. The Belarusian culture contains unique opportunities for attracting the potential of Christian confessions to cooperation in fostering patriotism. First of all, it is a cult that has developed in the Belarusian lands miraculous icons, equally revered by both Orthodox and Catholics. The images of the Mother of God of Zhirovichi, Belynichskaya, Vilenskaya, Czestokhovskaya and others for centuries have inspired the generation of our ancestors to feat. The use of Christian values ​​is important today not only for the perception of the traditions of ancestors, but also for the spiritual consolidation of society, strengthening patriotic feelings among the younger generations.

Military-patriotic education and the Belarusian Republican Youth Union

One of the main activities of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, education of the young generation of an active civic position, military-patriotic education of youth.

The regional organizations of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union are actively implementing the Olympia program to promote healthy lifestyles, health improvement and tourism for young people, within the framework of which the first republican festival of healthy lifestyles Olympia was organized in July 2004, which brought together about 1000 people and dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus ...

Under the patronage of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union, 101 patriotic, sports and tourism clubs have been created. Work is underway to familiarize young people with the Belarusian culture and national traditions.

To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Republic of Belarus from the Nazi invaders and the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, the Belarusian Republican Youth Union and the Republican Council of the Belarusian Public Association of Veterans adopted a joint plan for the preparation, participation and holding of solemn events.

The workers of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union take part in the work of the Belarusian Public Association of Veterans, organize joint performances in the media. Together with the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Defense, the Belarusian Republican Association of Veterans, a meeting was held between students and veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

Certain work is being done to develop youth, socially oriented tourism. In 2004, schoolchildren organized trips to places of military glory (memorial complex "Brest Fortress - Hero", memorial complexes "Khatyn", "Mound of Glory", etc.).

The Belarusian Republican Youth Union is implementing a number of projects aimed at heroic-patriotic, spiritual and moral education of youth. The activists of the organization conduct and take part in the events of the Watch of Memory, charity events“Youth to Veterans”, thematic meetings with war and labor veterans, the “Happy Service, Soldier” campaign, campaigns to places of military glory, local history work, contests and quizzes, the military-patriotic game “Zarnitsa”, patriotic song festivals.

The Belarusian Republican Youth Union is actively involved in the improvement of monuments, burials of soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War, improvement, greening of cities and villages under the slogans "We keep the memory of the fallen in our hearts", "Share the warmth of your soul." In total, 3,101 memorials and a monument of military glory are assigned to the organizations of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union.

Implemented long-term plan bilateral cooperation between the Ministry of Defense and the NGO "Belarusian Republican Youth Union". As of January 5, 2005, 152 primary organizations were created in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, which number 4,565 people.

Within the framework of bilateral cooperation plans, a draft Regulation on the Watch of Remembrance was developed to perpetuate the defenders of the Fatherland and the victims of war. Throughout the republic, employees of the organizational structures of the NGO "Belarusian Republican Youth Union" participate in the ceremonial dispatch of conscripts to the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.

The Belarusian Republican Youth Union is actively cooperating with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, with which a long-term plan of bilateral cooperation has been developed. As of January 5, 2005, 236 primary organizations were created in the internal affairs bodies and divisions, which number 4,920 people. Work with the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is active. As of January 5, 2005, 48 primary organizations were created in the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which number 1,476 people.

The Belarusian Republican Youth Union publishes information and methodological bulletins, collections on sports, health improvement and tourism, patriotic education of youth. The activities of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union in organizing and conducting sports and recreation, tourist, patriotic events are constantly covered by the media.

Military-patriotic education of children and youth

Filonenko Alexey Alekseevich

physical education teacher

MBOU SOSH № 6 p. Yelenovskoe

Krasnogvardeisky District Republic of Adygea

The word "patriot" - Greek, means a fellow countryman, compatriot, a person devoted to his Fatherland, serving its interests. Patriotism is a feeling of love for one's Motherland, for the Fatherland, readiness to defend it from enemies. This means that patriotism is necessary in any socio-economic formation, in any government.

Patriotism is laid in a person from an early age. This is not a one-step process. It cannot be suddenly acquired or lost. This is a state of mind, this is a worldview.

There is an opinion that if patriotism needs to be brought up, then it is no longer patriotism. But we still stopped at the assertion that, like any social phenomenon, patriotism is subject to education, and therefore the question arises: in what direction do we need to move?

The problem of patriotic education of young people is more urgent than ever. In the context of the loss of our society of the traditional Russian patriotic consciousness, widespread indifference, cynicism, aggressiveness and a decline in prestige military service a complex of inferiority and inferiority of the nation is being formed. A significant proportion of conscripts lack positive motivation for conscientious military service. Many of them perceive it as an unpleasant inevitability and a thankless duty that should be performed only to avoid criminal liability. Involvement in the defense of the Motherland, pride in belonging to the Armed Forces, military honor and dignity - these concepts are losing their significance in the eyes of draft youth. Therefore, the urgency of solving the most acute problems of education of patriotism is obvious.

For today the main problem is to create a modern system of patriotic education of the young generation, capable of providing a targeted impact on young citizens for the revival, preservation, formation in the new conditions of devotion, feelings of love for the Fatherland, concern for the fate of their country, readiness to fulfill their constitutional duty in the name of the interests of the people, society, state, confidence in the great future of Russia.

The task of patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the priorities today. But it is one thing to declare it publicly, and quite another to comprehend it and take concrete steps.

Military-patriotic education is focused on the formation of high patriotic consciousness in children, ideas of serving the Fatherland, the ability to defend it in arms, as well as on the study of drill training, the basics of hand-to-hand combat, military traditions, familiarity with the school of survival, and fire training classes. Much attention in military-patriotic education must be paid to physical education classes. It is in these classes that the qualities necessary for the future defender of the Motherland are formed: strength, speed, flexibility, dexterity, endurance, coordination and accuracy of movement.

Sports events help preserve the continuity of generations and traditions. And in the eyes of schoolchildren, the importance of military service is increasing.

The result in military-patriotic education is greatly influenced by the extracurricular activities of students. It is a complex of lessons on life safety and general physical training, competitions, relay races, contests, quizzes, campaigns, tactical games on the ground and other events that should lay the foundations of moral and psychological training, contribute to physical conditioning and improvement of military knowledge and

skills. Classes, the so-called lessons of courage, which arouse a genuine interest in children, have a great educational impact on children: combat weapons are disassembled and assembled, soldiers are equipped, etc. The continuation of these lessons is a military-sports relay race, in which girls also take part. This event includes various competitions: orienteering, overcoming a minefield, moving on rugged terrain, rendering medical care, making a fire, and other contests and games. The competition ends with a military song contest dedicated to the Motherland and the Armed Forces.

During the month of mass defense work, our students meet with the participants of the Great Patriotic War living in our village, who tell the children that there is a place for heroism in life. In addition to classroom activities, we organize and conduct excursions and trips with students, which in themselves, in addition to cognitive tasks, solve the most important task of team building and leave a noticeable mark in patriotic education.

There are many different forms and methods of positive influence on the younger generation, one of such forms is the "Pre-conscript" club. In the building of the administration of the Yelenovsky House of Culture, we organized the work of the gym on our own. He is very popular with pre-conscription youth and guys who have served in the army. Some of the children in the section are Cossacks. Its purpose is to distract young people from the pernicious vices of the modern world and educate adolescents in such character traits that will significantly help them to enter adult life... Psychological preparation is also an important aspect: adolescents who have completed the training course find it much easier mutual language with peers and elders, are able to make decisions in a difficult situation. This is especially important when they join the army. Young men do not experience panic fear before army life and upon arrival at the unit, they calmly carry out their duties.

The Cossacks became interested in the work of our section. It provided us with help and support. Thanks to the help of the regional department of the Cossacks, we were able to expand the range of our activities.

Today, the club has sections on military-applied sports: shooting, orienteering, hand-to-hand combat, knife throwing, kettlebell lifting, general physical training (training on simulators). For 3 years, club members have been defending the honor of the region at republican and regional competitions in military-applied sports, where they win prizes.

The "Recruiting" club has developed a social project "Do with us" to work with children of the "risk group". The goal of the project is to create conditions for specific preventive activities to identify negative personality traits in adolescents, prevent their illegal behavior and correct existing stereotypes, on this basis, the formation of personality traits that contribute to positive law-abiding behavior.

Every year more than 30 people pass through the "Drescribed" club, who take part in the implementation of various projects.

Graduates of the "Pre-conscript" club are proficient in hand-to-hand fighting techniques, they shoot well, throw knives, possess travel skills, have no bad habits, are spiritually and physically healthy, and fulfill their duty to the Motherland in the army with dignity.

Over the past few years, I have organized the work of a table tennis section for children and adolescents on the basis of a rural house of culture, for the older generation - a chess club. Unfortunately, due to the lack of normal conditions and material support, their activities are currently suspended. For several years, we have had a circle “ Orienteering", Where children from 1 to 11 grades are engaged. But we also do not leave those children who graduated from school aside. Every year everyone who wants to participate as part of our team in the all-Russian competition "Russian Azimuth".

Everything we do is interesting and useful. The parents of the members of the circle, the older guys, give me great support. All simulators and equipment have to be done by hand. I would like to be interested in our activities more people able to provide, if not help, then at least support. It should be noted that this year the younger children began to come to the section with their parents. The adults really liked it with us, and they began to study together with the children. They even come with whole families. Among the mothers there are already masters in shooting and throwing a knife.Do not forget that adults are the best example for children, it is necessary to contribute to their upbringing by their behavior, their actions and words every day.

In solving the problems of civil-patriotic education of the modern generation, the youth themselves should first of all take part, realizing the importance of their participation in the life of the Motherland, to love, know and respect its culture, traditions and history. However, both the state and the family and the educational institution should direct the actions of young people in the right direction. And their main task is to interact with the goal of forming national identity, citizenship and patriotism among modern youth.

Literature

1. Zastavenko V.A. Military-patriotic education of adolescents in government institutions additional education. Diss. ... Cand. ped. sciences. SPb, 2005.-
2. Vyrshchikov A.N., Kusmartsev B.M. Patriotic education of youth in modern Russian society. - Volgograd, 2006 - http://www.vounb.volgograd.ru/CLNVR/library/Kusmarzev/Patrioticheskoe_vospitanie_covremennoi_molodegi.pdf
3. Citizenship, patriotism, culture of interethnic communication Russian way of development // Education of schoolchildren. - 2002. -№7. - C, 8-10.
4. Buylova L. N. Actual problems of the organization of patriotic education in the system of additional education for children [Text] / L. N. Builova // Young scientist. - 2012. - No. 5. - S. 405-412.

The most important military traditions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are loyalty to the Motherland and constant readiness to defend it; loyalty to the Military Oath and military duty, the Battle Banner of the unit and the Naval flag of the ship; military partnership; relentless striving for mastering military professional knowledge, improving military skill, high vigilance and combat readiness.

PATRIOTISM AND LOYALTY TO MILITARY DUTY — THE MAIN QUALITIES OF THE DEFENDER OF THE FATHERLAND

Patriotism- this is the love of a citizen for his homeland, people, its history, language and national culture. The patriotism of the soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is manifested in loyalty to military duty, in selfless service to the Motherland, in their readiness to defend its interests, integrity and independence at any time with arms in hand.

Duty is a person's moral duties, performed from the promptings of conscience. The most important in society are civic and patriotic duty to the Fatherland, which are always associated with the public interests and needs of people. The moral and legal norm of behavior of Russian servicemen is military duty, which consists in protecting the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, ensuring its security, as well as in fulfilling tasks in accordance with the country's international obligations. In peaceful everyday life, military duty obliges every soldier to deeply realize his personal responsibility for protecting the Fatherland, requires him to masterfully master the entrusted weapon and military equipment, constant work to improve their moral, combat and psychological qualities, high organization and discipline. Patriotism and loyalty to military duty are manifested in the deep awareness of each serviceman of his personal responsibility for protecting the Motherland and the need to conscientiously and honestly carry out his official duties. They are expressed in constant moral, psychological, physical and professional training for the armed defense of the Fatherland, in readiness to overcome any difficulties in the performance of military duty in peacetime and wartime. Patriotism and loyalty to military duty are those moral and spiritual qualities of soldiers that make the army invincible.

FRIENDSHIP, MILITARY COMMANITY - THE BASIS OF COMBAT READINESS OF UNITS AND UNITS

Friendship and military comradeship took shape and developed throughout the history of the Russian state. They originated even when there was no social enmity between people, and they supported and helped each other in the struggle for existence. People entered into relationships that presupposed complete trust and openness towards each other. Here it is appropriate to recall the words of Taras Bulba, the hero of the story of the same name by N. V. Gogol: “I would like to tell you, sir, what our partnership is like. You heard from our fathers and grandfathers, in what honor our land was held by all: it made itself known to the Greeks, and took chervonets from Constantinople, and the cities were magnificent, and churches, and princes, princes of the Russian clan, their princes, and not Catholic mistrust ... All were taken by the bassoons, everything was lost. Only we, orphans, remained, but as a widow after a strong husband, shedding, just like we, our land! That's when we, comrades, filed our hand against the brotherhood! This is where our partnership stands! There are no bonds holier than comradeship! The father loves his child, the mother loves her child, the child loves the father and mother. But that's not it, brothers: the beast loves its child too. But only one person can become related by kinship by soul, and not by blood. There were comrades in other lands, but there were no such comrades as in the Russian land. "

The distinctive features of a partnership are conscientiousness and responsibility, which imply a voluntary willingness to take on the work of a partner, to help him do his part of the work for the sake of a common cause. The code of military partnership is military regulations, which say that every soldier is obliged to “cherish military partnership, not sparing his life, to help his comrades out of danger, to help them in word and deed, to respect the honor and dignity of everyone, not to allow himself and other servicemen rudeness and bullying, to keep them from unworthy actions. " The great Russian commander AV Suvorov formulated the basic principle of military comradeship most accurately in his famous Science of Victory: “Perish yourself, but help your comrade”. Mutual assistance in battle, responsibility to comrades - all this makes any military collective united, increases its combat capabilities and ensures victory in battle. Military partnership is most fully manifested in a combat situation, but this tradition is formed in peacetime, during the period of mastering the basics of military service, studying military regulations, mastering weapons and military equipment, during the combat coordination of crews, subunits and units.

Friendship is a kind of personal human relationship that is expressed in psychological unity, spiritual compatibility of people, in the constant need to communicate with each other. Friends help, support in difficult times, including when solving personal issues and problems. This is how friendship differs from camaraderie.

The Roman politician, orator and writer Mark Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC) wrote in the dialogue “On Friendship”: “First of all, how can“ life of life ”be if it does not find comfort in mutual benevolence friends? What could be sweeter than having a person with whom you dare to speak, as with yourself? What is the use of happy circumstances if you do not have a person who would enjoy them as much as you yourself? And it would be difficult to endure misfortunes without someone who would endure them even more difficult than you. "

Friendship and camaraderie emerge and grow stronger in everyday military life. Modern military equipment, as a rule, involves collective exploitation, which means that a group of soldiers (tank crew, combat crew, etc.) are solving one common task. Success in battle is based on the combat capability of each soldier who is part of a squad, crew, crew, platoon, company, on his psychological compatibility with other servicemen, on the ability to act harmoniously and skillfully while performing a common task. In such conditions, the mistake of even one person can damage combat readiness and even disrupt the fulfillment of a combat mission.

A special type of small associations is made up of microgroups, which include 2-3 people. It is in these groups that a person spends a significant part of his time, in them the foundations of friendship and military comradeship are laid. In order for such a micro-group of a military collective to become a single whole, each of its members, first, must put common interests first; secondly, to be respected by your comrades. It should be noted that the qualities necessary for this can be brought up by young men, being engaged in sports sections and participating in various competitions. Classes physical exercise and sports will help them to form in themselves the necessary psychological and volitional qualities. Friendship and military comradeship have nothing to do with familiarity, mutual responsibility, connivance. Truthfulness, honesty, openness, frankness are their main principles.

It is the duty of every soldier to carefully preserve and strengthen the military partnership, to cherish the honor of his military collective, to increase its organization and cohesion, to always remember that the defense of the Fatherland is the sacred duty of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

Questions and tasks

1. List the most significant military traditions of the Russian Armed Forces.

2. Why do you think patriotism and loyalty to military duty are the main moral qualities of the servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?

3. What is the importance of friendship and military comradeship for the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of subunits and units?

4. Prepare examples from various publications and fiction about friendship and military camaraderie of Russian soldiers. _

Patriotic education

Each person is distinguished by a great love for their Motherland - the state of working people, and they express this love in concrete deeds aimed at strengthening its glory and power. True patriots of our Motherland are distinguished by consistent internationalism, that is, deep respect for other countries, our friends, and also for the working people of the whole world. Love for the working people, fraternal solidarity with them presupposes hatred of their exploiters, the stranglers of freedom and progress. Thus, patriotism is an alloy of feelings of love for the Motherland. These features of Soviet patriotism leave their mark on the entire process of patriotic education of children. Formation of a citizen, a patriot of his Motherland begins in childhood with a feeling of love for relatives, native land, nature, traditions. On the basis of these common feelings for all, a high feeling of love for the Motherland is formed and strengthened. Therefore, the development in adolescents of a feeling of love for loved ones, for their native land becomes one of the important directions of the school's work in the matter of patriotic education. The formation of a feeling of attachment to their native places is one of the components of patriotic education. Based on these feelings, it is necessary to go further. As they acquire knowledge, the school is called upon to instill in children a feeling of love for our Soviet system, to show its advantages over the capitalist system, to raise conscientious, convinced defenders of our socialist society. An important task is to instill in adolescents love for the labor and militant revolutionary past of our Motherland. A colorful, vivid story about the actions of the heroes of labor, about the feats of arms of our people during the war causes strong feelings and a surge of noble patriotic feelings. Experiencing can also arise as a result of empathy with the life of another person. On these noble traditions of the past, the desire is formed to increase the glory and power of our country. The school directs its efforts to ensure that the patriotic feelings of adolescents find expression in useful deeds for the good of the Motherland, and another task is closely related to this - educating children to be ready to defend their country. All the work of the school for the patriotic education of adolescents should be carried out in unity with international education: instilling in children a sense of friendship of the peoples of our country, fraternal solidarity with the peoples of socialist countries, with the working people of the whole world, intolerance of racial and national hostility, hatred of the enemies of communism, the cause of peace and freedom of peoples.

A high feeling of love for the Motherland can develop only as a result the whole system means of education, which includes propaganda, example, organization of behavior and activities of students. Great value in the upbringing of patriotic feelings belongs to the educational process. In the classroom, students study the past and present of our Motherland, get acquainted with the best representatives of science, culture, heroes of war and labor. Knowledge is an essential prerequisite for the emergence of patriotic feelings. The lesson is a source of knowledge about the Motherland.

On the basis of this knowledge, a feeling of love for the Motherland is formed and consolidated. Sometimes elementary school students do not have a sufficient understanding of their country. Many of them understand by the word Motherland only the area in which they live. This idea is the starting point for the formation of a different, deeper understanding of the Motherland as a state. Depending on the nature of the material, teachers do this in different ways. The level of patriotic education largely depends on the content of the material in school textbooks. Its impact on children can be enhanced by attracting excerpts from memoirs, the use of films and filmstrips, paintings.

Preparation of young people for service in the Armed Forces is of great importance in military-patriotic education. Its main forms are primary military training, study in schools and clubs of the Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation and the Navy (DOSAAF), technical and military-applied sports. Even before being drafted into the Armed Forces, young men acquire military knowledge and skills in advance in order to quickly become skillful defenders of their homeland. This corresponds to Lenin's instruction that along with military training of adult citizens, in order to increase the defense capability of a socialist country, it is also necessary to train all adolescents in military affairs. Initial military training of young people is carried out in the tenth to eleventh grades of general education schools, in secondary specialized educational institutions of the vocational education system. It aims to help young men acquire military knowledge and practical skills in the scope of training a soldier, sailor, master one of the military-technical specialties, and study the basics of civil defense.

Initial military training is inextricably linked with the military-patriotic education of young people. The system of compulsory forms of training young people for service in the Armed Forces that has developed in the Soviet Union is complemented by measures of mass defense and sports work. Its task is to promote military and military-technical knowledge, to equip young people with knowledge of the basics of military affairs and civil defense. The knowledge and skills gained in the process of initial military training are supplemented by classes at universities of military knowledge, at the faculties of military knowledge at popular universities, clubs of the future warrior. Many young men who have received military, physical and moral training in military-patriotic clubs enter military schools and become officers of the Armed Forces. The successful mastery of military knowledge by young people is facilitated by the patronage of military units, military educational institutions over secondary schools, vocational schools, technical schools, educational organizations of DOSAAF. Pre-conscription military training and the system of mass defense work, military-patriotic education of young people for service in the Armed Forces are yielding positive results. Young men called up for active military service in the army or the navy are more successful in mastering sophisticated modern military equipment and weapons, they quickly become the ranks of the heroic Armed Forces, vigilantly guarding the peaceful labor of our people.

Military psychology

Military psychology studies the personality of a soldier, taking into account his social status. As a person, a warrior is a full-fledged citizen of society, a representative of the working classes, a member of a military collective, performing the sacred duty of defending the Fatherland stipulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He is characterized by high political consciousness, moral maturity, psychological readiness and skill to perform educational, service and combat missions. Each warrior has individual psychological characteristics.

The personality is social in its essence and origin, and its significance is assessed by the criteria of social and class interests. At the same time, personality is a complex complex of individually unique mental processes, properties and prevailing states. It has its own content and structure. The content of the personality is understood as the spiritual world of a person, his individual consciousness, which is a kind of reflection of the consciousness of the social, social and natural environment. The elements of the content of the personality are representations, knowledge, concepts, views and beliefs.

The central part of the warrior's spiritual world is his worldview. This is a system of socio-political knowledge and conviction, the consciousness of patriotism and internationalism, military duty. The most important place in the content of the personality belongs to the moral and legal consciousness.

The central property of a warrior's personality is directionality, which is a generalized characteristic of a warrior in terms of what he strives for, what he values ​​in the world, and how, therefore, perceives external influences. Knowledge of the content and structure of a warrior's orientation gives an idea of ​​the prevailing orientation of his thoughts and aspirations, allows one to correctly assess and, which is very important, predict his actions and their motives. Attached to the orientation of the personality is character, which is understood as the ability of a warrior to act in accordance with his views. It represents a set of traits in which the attitude of the soldier to the typical conditions and requirements of service, as well as the corresponding methods of response, is fixed. Character is a relationship based on the ideological, morality and culture of the individual and manifested in the basic professional habits and qualities that were formed in the conditions of military service and necessary for it. Character is especially clear in a difficult situation, when increased demands are made, when a soldier must show such qualities as courage, selflessness, courage, perseverance, a sense of military honor, mutual assistance, etc. comrades and the team of the unit, to various kinds of material and spiritual values, as well as to oneself. Diligence, discipline, accuracy, punctuality and a number of other professionally important traits characterize a warrior as a specialist. Courage, dedication, vigilance, composure in a combat situation form the basis of a military character. Collectivism, benevolence, comradeship, readiness for mutual assistance, or individualism, hostility, isolation - all these are character traits of a warrior as a member of a collective, his immediate social qualities. Character traits that reinforce a person's attitude to the world of material values, primarily to weapons and military equipment, national and military property, as well as to values ​​of the spiritual order - laws, moral norms, science, art, culture, are of significant importance. An important area of ​​character is the attitude of a warrior to himself: his self-esteem, modesty, pride, a sense of honor and personal dignity, neatness in clothes, caring for appearance and other qualities. In the process of studying the abilities of people, such indicators as the level and possible rate of development of thinking and memory, observation and imagination, the sensitivity of the organs of sight, hearing, touch, the adaptability of the psychophysical organization of the individual to the implementation of subtle, jewelry precision of movements are determined. An essential aspect of a warrior's personality is his temperament - a property characterized by the peculiarities of the course of mental processes, activity and behavior in general: mobility, poise, activity, excitability, the degree of emotionality, impulsivity. Temperament complements the personality with dynamic indicators and is a significant factor in the overall pattern of behavior. It is closely related to both the character of the warrior and his abilities.

The important characteristics of the personnel are due to age; young men are characterized by enthusiasm, dedication, a desire for independence, a desire to understand complex worldview and moral issues, an increased need for communication and friendship. Many qualities of this age are of great social value. “... It is not necessary to suppress these youthful special qualities,” M.I. Kalinin. “On the contrary, they must be protected, they must be developed, on the basis of them a new, more perfect person must be raised." conditions of military service. Adolescence inherent and certain difficulties of formation and growth. Often, categorical and immaturity of judgments and assessments, the predominance of emotional forms of behavior, group isolation, inability to apply previously acquired knowledge, and lack of self-criticism are manifested. The personality of a warrior - its content and structure - is not something fixed, given once and for all. On the contrary, it is dynamic, because it is formed in the process of military activity, training, education and self-education. A young man who enters a unit or enters a military school is already a person. But he still has to go through a certain path of development in order to acquire, consolidate and harden those moral, political and combat qualities that determine the essence of the personality of a warrior - an armed defender of the Fatherland.

The tension, responsibility and great importance of service are strong nurturing factors that shape the personality of a soldier. The social significance of military activity, its complex content determine the development of high, noble features of the defender of the Motherland in him. The development of the personality of a young warrior is the maturation of an 18 to 20-year-old man. Modern psychological data suggest that at this age development not only does not end, but is activated in many directions. At the initial stage of the service, the individual adapts to the new conditions of life and activity. Many people experience a certain amount of stress when changing their life environment.

The novelty of the situation makes some young soldiers and sailors feel insecure and even confused. After a certain time, as the modes of behavior necessary for a given situation are formed, the state of internal discomfort, longing for the past, habitual weakens, which indicates the completion of the process of adaptation to the conditions of military service. In the course of it, usually reversible changes occur in the system of habits and skills of everyday behavior, in the level of personality functioning and the basic vital functions of the body. A person must get used to the daily routine, an increased regime of physical activity, to new forms of communication and interaction with people, to the form of clothing, conditions of life and rest, as well as often to new climatic and natural conditions. All this is a great burden for the body and psyche of young soldiers. The whole way of life and activity changes significantly - a task with which some of them cope with work. Favorable changes affect all structural elements of the personality: orientation, character, abilities and temperament. An understanding of military duty is developing, feelings of love for the Motherland and hatred for the imperialists are growing. All this finds its expression in the daily readiness of a soldier to defend the social values ​​of the Kazakh people and the peoples of other countries of the commonwealth with arms in hand at any moment. Simultaneously with the development of the orientation of the personality, tempering of character takes place, especially of such traits as courage, perseverance, courage, discipline, combat activity, the will to fight and victory, collectivism and military comradeship.

Certain changes also occur in the area of ​​temperament: positive tendencies become brighter and more expressive, negative ones are smoothed out. As a rule, warriors acquire poise and restraint, feel more confident under new circumstances of life. Under army conditions, soldiers receive all-round general development. They expand their general political and cultural horizons, participate in social work, acquire new knowledge, skills, habits that are useful for life, become stronger and physically enduring. For many soldiers, service in the army is an excellent school for mastering the national language, familiarization with the national and cultural values ​​of other peoples. Of course, all these and other positive shifts in the content of the culture of the personality of soldiers do not occur by gravity, not spontaneously, but with effective combat and political training, skillful conduct of political educational work, and a clear organization of the entire service.

Cultural education

Among the many factors actively influencing the process of restructuring Soviet society, culture is undoubtedly assigned a key role. “Without culture,” said Academician D.S. Likhachev, - there is no morality in the country, social and economic laws do not work without elementary morality, decrees are not fulfilled and science cannot exist. If in the past culture was considered primarily as a product social relations, now it acts as a dynamic force shaping the entire life of society, exerting a tremendous, and in some cases decisive influence on the state and development of the entire totality of social relations. In this regard, social progress is largely dependent on cultural progress ”. Perestroika opened wide scope for the development of culture. She has already done a lot for the cultural revival of society, and with it the army. The shackles of prohibition and command-and-control dictatorship have been shaken off culture; it is gaining free breathing. Cultural heritage in all its volume and diversity is returning to spiritual life. The intelligentsia received freedom of creativity, which it had never known before. The potential of the national cultures of the peoples of Kazakhstan is straightening and gaining strength. Various cultural movements and associations are making themselves known. In other words, culture began to restore its own function in society.

At the same time, one cannot fail to see that the shifts outlined here are so far unstable and contradictory. On the one hand, the spiritual life of society is rapidly enriched by previously forbidden works of literature and art, the revival of national cultural traditions, the expansion of participation in the culture of the church, the intensification of international cultural exchanges, etc. On the other, the attendance of theaters, philharmonic societies, cinemas, museums, libraries, clubs, mass amateur performances are disintegrating, anti-culture is gaining more and more recognition among the youth. That is, the tendency to deculturize the life of a significant part of Soviet people makes itself felt.

A critical mass of spiritual poverty has accumulated in our society. Lack of spirituality has taken on rampant proportions, and hardly anyone will object today.

The latter circumstance clearly deserves a special discussion. It is necessary to see if the army cultural institutions are doing everything so that each officer is truly a man of high culture and morality. After all, he is an educator of youth, a bearer of such concepts as officer honor, military duty, defense of the Fatherland. One cannot discount the fact that for many today the words “army” and “culture” sound like mutually exclusive concepts. They say that the army is an environment that naturally or rather unnaturally suppresses any individual cultural manifestation. Hence, some people interpret the concept of "culture" as something alien in relation to the military. The army is not only the keeper of the best traditions of society, but also the purest and most exalted personification of spirituality. And this tradition is deeply rooted in Russian history. For example, academician D.S. Likhachev emphasizes that the best traditions of the Russian army have always been, above all, cultural traditions. For a long period of history, the Russian army personified a huge cultural and moral potential. It is no coincidence that many geniuses of Russian and Kazakh culture went through military service, including F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, M.P. Mussorgsky, Chokan Valikhanov and others. This means that the army is not only an armed force, but also a spiritual one.

In the military work of our distant ancestors, we find today not only vivid examples of loyalty to military duty, the Fatherland, but also manifestations of a high general culture and good breeding. The famous Chokan Valikhanov (1835-1865) is a striking landmark in this regard. He was one of the most educated people of his time. The years of his wanderings and labors coincided with a historically very significant period in the life of his people, when the Kazakhs of all zhuzes were completing their entry into Russia and at the same time their reunification into one large people - peaceful and poetic, cheerful and ambitious, full of strength and energy, giving tremendous hopes for development ... And in everything that happened by 1865, which was a milestone in the history of the Kazakhs, there was a trace of Chokan, his efforts, understanding of his duty to the people, his courage, his historical foresight. To explain to multilingual Russia what the Steppe and its nomadic people are, to open to all mankind the life of Kazakhs, their past, their present, their thoughts about the future ...

The discoveries he made put the young lieutenant of the Russian army in a row with outstanding people the world. Not only historians, travelers, but also linguists, philosophers, archaeologists and literary scholars have written and are writing about him. The advanced officers attached great importance not only to their military, but also to their general education. Wide knowledge of literature, history, foreign languages was considered mandatory among the officers. Any officer who cared about his reputation as a cultured and well-mannered person was distinguished by the ability to maintain a conversation on a serious topic in society.

In the old Russian army, an officer, introducing himself, uttered the seemingly archaic phrase: "I have the honor!" In our time, the concept of officer honor should be deeper, but it is no secret that for some people it has worn off, faded. The loss of a sense of honor led to the fact that we began to "hesitate" to pronounce this word. How can you not recall the statement of the Roman sage Apuleius "Shame and honor are like a dress: the more worn, the more careless you are towards them." Of no small importance is such a problem as aesthetic culture. Prominent educator and innovator V.A. Sukhomlinsky was deeply convinced that there could be no education at all without aesthetic education. It is a person's appeal to beauty that ennobles his soul, removes, as they say, "thick skin", refines his feelings. “... Man, - said V.A. Sukhomlinsky, - stood out from the animal world and became a gifted creature not only because he made the first tool of labor with his own hands, but also because he saw the depth of the blue sky, the twinkling of the stars, the pink flood of the evening and morning dawn, the crimson sunset before a windy day, the endless distance of the steppes, a flock of cranes in the azure of the sky, the reflection of the sun in transparent drops of morning dew, gray threads of rain on a cloudy autumn day, a delicate stalk and blue bell of a snowdrop - I saw and was amazed and began to create new beauty. "

Through the perception of beauty in nature and art, we discover the beauty in ourselves. “Holding a violin in his hands, a person is not capable of doing bad things,” says an old Ukrainian wisdom attributed to the remarkable thinker Grigory Skovoroda. Evil and true beauty are incompatible. And therefore, one of the important tasks of aesthetic education is, figuratively speaking, to put a violin in the hands of every future warrior so that he can hear the sound of his soul strings. There are many springs that feed the aesthetic culture. Among them, of course, one of the most fruitful, one of the most powerful is the one that comes from the army's cultural institutions. But not only the club, the House of Officers, the musical ensemble contain a spiritually ennobling function. This also applies to military educational institutions. For example, it is very good that a course on the basics of culture has been introduced in all military-political schools. Much can be done to further improve aesthetic education in the lessons of primary military training Military Publishing House

Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For example, it could increase the production of literature on urgent problems aesthetics. The process of educating young people would find much more subject if teachers and political workers had at hand such, say, publications as “Aesthetics military uniform"," Aesthetics of the behavior of military personnel "," Literature and art in your life "," Beauty and morality ", etc.

Some of the greats very subtly noticed that real culture is not in museums, archives, libraries, not in theaters and concert halls - these are only its symbols. Real culture is in the person himself. Indeed, it is so. That is why it is necessary to constantly instill in our adolescents the desire to be morally purer and richer, more intelligent, to develop the ability for creativity, spiritual and cultural self-perfection. No matter how great the material and spiritual treasures accumulated by humanity are, they will not have a beneficial effect until they become a part of the individual's own worldview. It is in the ability to take into account, use, apply what is learned from these treasures in our daily life and the culture of each of us manifests itself. You can not miss a single film premiere, not a single opening day, a concert, but in itself this does not mean high culture. How many cases are known when, say, an inveterate theatergoer or music lover can afford to appear at the service unkemptly dressed, behave disrespectfully towards others, etc. this or that work of art, cultural phenomenon for moral self-improvement.

A future military man who knows how to fruitfully combine service with serious creative hobbies is always interesting as an extraordinary personality. Such a person cannot but command respect, especially when what they have achieved is highly appreciated by talented craftsmen.

Art is also perceived through the people who create it, through creative personalities. Each viewer, listener has his own authorities, his own idols. Reading today's press, we closely follow what art workers think about the modern army, military service, about the problems that excite the life of the Armed Forces. I am glad that in the majority of such statements there is goodwill in understanding and assessing the current far from simple situation in the army. Kirill Yuryevich Lavrov, People's Artist of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, said: “We, people of creative specialties, are obliged to fully reflect on the stage, in the cinema, in other forms of art, the heroism of peacetime, including the everyday, very difficult service of soldiers to ensure proper combat readiness. We must not forget: everything that we have now is provided and guaranteed by military labor. " In our time of perestroika, we must not mock the Army, not look for spots on its uniform, but help it educate patriotic warriors, warriors-internationalists, take care of our reliable defenders, be proud of them. "

When she goes on stage, it seems that the steppe itself is singing, the snowy peaks of the mountains are singing, the blossoming gardens at their foot are singing. Songs performed by People's Artist of the USSR Roza Baglanova have long conquered listeners not only in our country, but also abroad. She first appeared on the professional stage in 1941 in Tashkent. Then there was the war. Rosa Baglanova spoke to the front-line soldiers - on the front line and in hospitals. It happened that she carried out the wounded from the battlefield. It was not in vain that on February 23, 1945, near Warsaw, K. K. Rokossovsky himself presented her with the second medal "For Military Merit". She received the first in 1943.

These are the most expensive awards won by the artist's courage. Songs of the Kazakh steppes, Soviet composers, songs of the peoples of the world performed by Roza Baglanova open up to the world our multinational, multicolored musical art, inspire, charge people with optimism.

The famous singer headed the Alma-Ata Relief Society. Its members - students, workers, office workers - held patronage over the disabled, war and labor veterans, providing them with all possible assistance.

Once they asked Rosa Tazhibaevna what she sees as the reasons for the negative phenomena in the military environment, in particular the notorious "bullying", and it seems to us, in a philosophical way, she very wisely saw the connection between morality, mercy and the named phenomenon:

“Mercy is a tuning fork of morality, which, unfortunately, has become a deficit in our time. And it seems to me that an Octobrist or a pioneer who helps people who have lost their health acquires moral health himself; he will definitely become a real defender of the Motherland, a real Soviet soldier. The one who, at the cost of his life and shed blood, won us victory in the forty-fifth. I am sure that the boys who have gone through our school of mercy, having joined the army, will never support the "bullying", on the contrary, they will fight it. V Lately we often have to read and hear accusations against our army about this shameful phenomenon. People who blame everything on the army forget that it is many of them who supply the army with ready-made organizers of "bullying." The whole world must fight this evil. "

Culture is common sense, for it is mental health. Culture is beauty, for it is physical health. Culture is dignity and conscience, for it is moral health. And also culture is loyalty to the father and mother, loyalty to the family and the Fatherland, it is truthfulness and tenderness, kindness and fearlessness, which are always together.

There is a vocal-instrumental ensemble "Kaskad" at the Almaty House of Officers. Which was formed in Afghanistan, its participants are Afghan warriors. He is popular with the soldiers, but the young people of the city know him too. Military-patriotic, soldier's and lyrical songs performed by the ensemble won the hearts of the audience. The ensemble gives charitable concerts, funds from which go to replenish the fund of the center for the rehabilitation of internationalist soldiers. The ensemble gives concerts in different garrisons of the district, with their songs awakening in the hearts of listeners love for their native lands, devotion to the Motherland.

Today, Central Television is actively involved in the propaganda of military musical creativity, which in itself is very commendable. Let us recall with what success the TV contests "When the Soldiers Sing" were held in the recent past, what a huge audience of viewers they attracted to themselves.

The need for mass song propaganda is becoming more and more obvious. The song in its best examples - patriotic, lyric, pop, drill - is considered to be a kind of formula of public mood. It affects the emotional state of the human soul, forms musical taste, social position. It is true that love for the Fatherland is unthinkable without love for the native song.

When we talk about the art of music, of course we mean not only its purely utilitarian role, but also as an important means of forming a healthy aesthetic taste. With the total onslaught of the so-called mass culture, young people, of course, including the army, found themselves in the most defenseless position in front of it. And this cannot be ignored.

Today, concern for the intellectual and spiritual revival of the country is one of the most important political and practical tasks. This should find concrete expression in overcoming the monopoly of departments and organizations in the field of culture while guaranteeing the accessibility of culture to the people by the state; improving the state-public system for managing cultural processes and ensuring the protection of cultural figures on a legislative basis; respect for the originality and equality of cultures of all peoples living in the former Soviet Union, expanding and improving their free interaction and mutual enrichment, creating conditions for the formation and development of cultural and national centers; in freedom of creativity, encouragement of talent, unhindered competitive development of various cultural trends, styles, schools; finally, in the openness of the multinational Soviet culture to humane ideas and values ​​that ensure the country's full-fledged inclusion in the spiritual life of the modern world.

Culture is loyalty to father and mother, loyalty to family and Fatherland, it is truthfulness and tenderness, kindness and fearlessness, which are always together. Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev is not only the President of our Republic, but also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan. He has done and is doing a lot for the prosperity and reliability of our army. Today, army soldiers receive an enormous amount of diverse information - political, historical, economic, artistic, socio-legal, environmental, etc. They began to look wider at the world around them, to look deeper into themselves. Undoubtedly, a significant contribution to this process is made by the cultural institutions of the army, the role of which as operational information centers has significantly increased in recent years. The system of agitation and propaganda activities is also being improved. The restructuring of the public life of Kazakhstan caused a radical rethinking of entire historical layers, highlighted unknown pages of our history, including those concerning the life of our Armed Forces. On the this moment serious reforms are taking place in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The introduction of modern technologies, computerization, updating of the technical base is underway.