Until 2002, Russia had a distribution pension system “inherited” from the Soviet past. This system was able to provide a decent level of pensions - but only in the case of a favorable demographic situation, when the number of workers in the country significantly exceeds the number of pensioners.
Today, this principle works with a “slippage” - for each pensioner there are only 1.5 workers, and the number of pensioners is increasing from year to year.

The changing demographic situation and the increase in the number of elderly people receiving pensions in the country forced us to pay attention to the experience of European countries and try to apply it in Russian conditions.

Since 2002, pension reform began, aimed at motivating Russians to independently earn a high pension for themselves. The key idea of ​​the pension reform was principle of accumulation. The main goal of the reform was to provide Russians with a decent future pension and to establish a direct dependence of its size on length of service, wages, the time of retirement, as well as voluntary contributions towards a future pension. Let us note that the experience of a number of European countries where there is a mandatory funded pension system is truly positive, and the average pension there is about 60% of the salary level.

Today, every working citizen of the Russian Federation younger than 1967 participates in the compulsory pension insurance system, according to which the future state pension is formed from insurance contributions from the employer, transferred monthly for the employee to the Pension Fund of Russia.

To calculate the insurance pension according to the new rules, the concept of “individual pension coefficient” (pension point) has been introduced, which is assessed every year labor activity citizen. The number of pension points depends on the accrued insurance contributions to the compulsory pension insurance system and the length of the insurance (work) experience. Price pension point will be determined and changed annually. Note that when forming an insurance pension, contributions are only “reflected” on the account, but in reality they go to pay pensions to current pensioners.

Tools that shape the future funded pension, do not go to payments to pensioners, but are invested annually. This is money that can be managed, and which - importantly - will continue to be accounted for in rubles and paid to legal successors at the accumulation stage.

Until the end of 2015, every citizen born in 1967 and younger had the right to choose their own pension provision- direct the entire amount of the employer’s insurance contributions to finance only the insurance pension or distribute this amount to finance funded and insurance pensions.

In 2016 and later, citizens who made a choice in favor of maintaining contributions to a funded pension or refused its further formation in favor of an insurance pension retain the right to change the insurer and transfer the generated pension savings funds from the Pension Fund of Russia to a non-state one Pension Fund, and also change your non-state pension fund to a more reliable one.

Participants State co-financing programs for pensions may also continue to increase future funded pensions. The minimum voluntary contribution at which it turns out governmental support, is 2,000 rubles per year (subject to payment of the first installment in the amount of 2,000 rubles before January 31, 2015). The state doubles the contributed funds at the rate of no more than 12,000 rubles per year.

And finally, you can independently, at your own expense, save up for additional income by concluding a non-state pension agreement.

Confidence in your future is built on the understanding that everyone who is already working or just starting their career should take an active position in the matter of their pension savings.

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New pension reform 2016 in Russia will soon take full rights. Already on January 1, 2015, a new calculation procedure and method for generating pension payments was introduced. Let us remind you how the new calculation formula is fundamentally different and what it depends on. The government approved the pension reform a long time ago, and the systematic transition to it took more than one year. And finally, the first accruals according to the new formula.

So, the essence of the pension reform in 2016 is that the calculation of basic content will be carried out in some conventional units, or points, in contrast to the fact that the calculation was previously made directly in rubles. When a person goes on a well-deserved vacation, the conventional units will be converted into rubles.

So, future support for pensioners under the new conditions depends on:

From the period of contributions for the employee to insurance funds. In this case, the insurance period will have a significant impact on the amount of future support - the longer it is, the greater the payments will be.

Salary size. Again, only that part of the salary from which monthly contributions to the compulsory pension fund were made will be taken into account for future pension benefits. Unfortunately, “envelope” contents will not be taken into account. Nowadays, workers have very little benefit from receiving their salary in an envelope.
The age of the person applying for pension benefits will also be important. Increase individual coefficient each employee occurs with increasing length of service. Thanks to this approach, if a person continues to work after reaching the required years of retirement, the amount of his pension will increase with each year of work.

Special coefficients will indicate individual periods of social significance - maternity leave, military service, leave to care for elderly relatives. These periods will be taken into account in the calculation and will affect the amount of support.
According to the new procedure for the formation of pension payments, the pension of a Russian citizen will be formed from two components: the insurance and funded parts.

So, as prescribed by the pension reform in Russia in 2016, the funded part is considered as follows: the amount of accumulated pension contributions is divided by a time period, which is a statistical unit designated by federal law.
The second, insurance, part is calculated in terms of fixed civil payments. The recipient must have at least 15 years of insurance experience. Let us remind you that insurance income is recorded not in rubles, but in points. This is very convenient, in this way the Government prevents the process of “cheapening” pension savings. After all, inflation sometimes “eats up” significant amounts. Therefore, at the time of retirement, the pensioner will receive an amount equivalent to reality.

The first to fully appreciate the new reform will be only those who officially get a job only after January 2015. It is to these citizens that pensions will initially be accrued according to the established formula. The rest will only be able to partially experience it on themselves - recalculations will be made for them. The state promises that in some cases significant concessions will be made for these citizens - if during recalculation pension amounts the new one will be less than according to the old law, then the choice will be made in favor of the person - that is, a large amount will remain.

The new calculations apply to almost all categories of pensioners and apply to both disability and survivors’ pensions. With such options, as now, citizens must have accumulated at least one day of experience.

The new procedures for recalculation are not extended to people who are on full-time state provision. These are the following categories:

elderly over 80,
citizens with disabilities of the 1st group,
residents working in the Far North.
Recalculations of pension support in the coming period may have a positive effect on those whose seniority for more than 40 years now. Their payments may immediately increase by about 600-700 rubles.

Will the preferential pension change in any way under the pension reform in 2016? The list of preferential professions, which enable citizens to retire earlier, remains the same. When going on vacation, according to the law, such persons will be applied increasing coefficients to the accumulated points.

In short, this is what the 2016 pension reform looks like, the latest news regarding which formulates the basic principles of the transition to new calculations.

All citizens, even retired ones, will be able to convert into points and back into rubles. No downward financial payments will be made. At all times, Belarusian education was considered a standard of quality; holders of Belarusian diplomas were considered very smart people, that’s why there is still a great demand for Belarusian diplomas, and it doesn’t matter where you live or work. A Belarusian diploma has its status everywhere!

Pensioners working after the appointment of old-age benefits will not be able to receive both a pension and a salary. However, the accumulative part of them increases with each working year, as work experience points are calculated, and accordingly, the pension benefit will be greater. Thus, the state encourages its citizens to continue working without taking radical measures to increase the retirement age.

The retirement age is not increasing and remains the same.

There is a proposal - a bill - proposing to increase the amount of annual indexation of the basic pension part, tying it to the level of wage indexation.

The Ministry of Finance has prepared a plan for reforming the pension system, which provides for raising the retirement age and canceling payments to working pensioners

The Ministry of Finance sent a pension reform plan to the Ministry of Labor, compiled after a February meeting with Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, reports the Vedomosti newspaper.

Document consists of six points, and Some of them are not heard for the first time. In particular, the Ministry of Finance proposes to equalize the retirement age men and women at the level 65 years, increasing it in increments of 6-12 months per year. The project also provides for the refusal to pay pensions or at least its fixed part for working pensioners.

In addition, the Ministry of Finance proposes not to pay early pensions to those who are entitled to them in connection with work in hazardous and hazardous industries and continue to work there. E This category makes up more than 50% of all " early workers ", notes the department.​ For early workers -public sector employees (teaching, medical, creative workers) Ministry of Finance proposes to raisethe length of service required to establish early retirement, one year at a time, until it coincides with the generally established retirement age.

Another proposal is to establish a single social insurance tariff and collect contribution to the Pension Fund not from salaries up to a certain limit, but from the entire salary. In fact, the Ministry of Finance “proposes to quietly increase taxes and reduce social obligations,” Vedomosti writes, citing the words of a source in the government apparatus. The pension reform project also provides for a reduction indexation of pensions for 2017, but only - it is not specified.

The draft also included a proposal to cancel compulsoryness of the funded component and transfer it from the compulsory pension insurance system to quasi-voluntary , while introducing incentives for voluntary savings. The Ministry of Finance, together with the Central Bank, outlined the details in a presentation that was sent to individual officials of the White House and the Kremlin administration. As on April 27, Kommersant, the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance propose to provide citizens ownership rights to their pension savings and the ability to spend them before retirement age. According to this idea, citizens will pay savings contributions from salaries in the amount of 0 to 6%. The savings part is offered rename into “individual pension capital”, into whichEverything previously accumulated will also be included, Vedomosti writes.

The Ministry of Finance proposes to switch to the voluntary principle of funded contributions from 2019. Deadlines implementation other initiatives are not specified in the document.

Video: RBC TV channel

As Medvedev's press secretary Natalya told the newspaper Timakova , while offers Ministry of Finance and Central Bank were not discussed at the government level. Buta federal official said theywere discussed at meetings with both First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov and Dmitry Medvedev. According to him, proposals of the Ministry of Finance on the tariff of insurance premiums and indexation of pensions caused sharp resistance from the social block of the government, although he agrees with the reform of early pensions. Reform of the pension system as a whole is being discussed outside the context of the autumn elections to the State Duma, but a fundamental paradigm shift is possible only after 2018, noted a federal official.

Authorities n raising the retirement age of Russians against the backdrop of the development of the first anti-crisis plan in 2015. reform after the completion of the State Duma elections, that is, at the end of 2016. The basic proposal, he said, was to establish an equal retirement age of 63 for women and men. “Another option is to leave the gap at five years and raise it to 60 and 65 years respectively. From my point of view, this is less rational,” said Ulyukaev.

At the beginning of 2015, the Ministry of Finance also gradually raised the retirement age so that it would eventually reach 63 for both men and women. But later the department took a position and announced the need to increase the retirement age to 65 years for men and women.

The new pension reform, which came into force at the beginning of 2016, radically changes the pension calculation system previously in force in Russia.

In fact, the pension system began operating in 2015, and is designed until 2025. The reform was fully launched on January 1, 2016.

What years are included?

Citizens who got a job after January 1, 2015 fell under it. Those who worked before the specified period do not lose their work, they are recalculated and fit into the new framework.

If, based on the results of recalculations new option If the amount turns out to be less than it was before the recalculation, then there will be no reduction; the amount that is greater will be left.

The essence of the new pension reform - the main directions

The changes that the Russian pension system is undergoing can be called global. It was divided into insurance and savings. The insurance system, the basis of which remains the Pension Fund, will continue to be replenished through deductions from wages and other obligatory payments.

The right to a pension is now expressed in points, or in , and citizens have this right who:

• have reached retirement age, 55 for women and 60 for men;
• have at least a minimum insurance period, this is 15 years from 2024 and 7 years in 2016 ;
• have sufficient IPC, in 2025 it is 30, in 2016 - 9.

The sources of points are:

1. The salary on which a citizen pays taxes and for which points will be awarded (about what it is).
2. The working period during which the employee earned seniority.
3. Non-working periods during which you can earn extra points.
4. The retirement age determines whether additional points are available or not.

For a year of work experience, the employee is awarded points, which give him the right to apply for a pension, subject to payment of contributions.

For those who worked before 2015, pension capital is converted into PC. This is done using a simple formula:

PC= Insurance part (without base) / Point cost

GIPC– this is annual IPC, that is, the amount of points earned per year is calculated as follows:

GIPC= Sum of all insurance premiums / Maximum possible amount of premiums x 10.

The amount of insurance premiums directly depends on the annual salary: this is 16% of it if the option of only an insurance pension is chosen, or 10% if the option of insurance and funded pension is chosen.

The maximum number of points that can be awarded per year will be 10 in 2021, and 7.83 in 2016.

They will be accrued depending on which pension option was chosen.

The insurance pension is regularly subject to indexation by the state, but the funded pension is not indexed. For it, there are other sources of growth - the financial market and investment.

Basic formula for calculating pensions

Old age insurance pension (StrP) for one year =

Sum of pension points (GIPC) x Point value in this year(SPB) + Fixed payment (FV)

IN short form: StrP = GIPC X St. Petersburg + FV

GIPC— this is the sum of points for the year;

St. Petersburg— the cost in rubles of one pension point in the current year is set by the state and indexed annually.

FV is a fixed payment determined dated December 28, 2013, Article 16.

For 2016, the insurance pension is determined as follows: StrP = IPC x 74.27 + 4558.93 rubles.

From January 1, 2016, the 2% bonus was abolished, and military pensions will be calculated based on length of service. But from the same moment, pensions for them and the Ministry of Internal Affairs increase by 7.5%.

If, after completing their service, pensioners take up civilian work, then they will benefit from their normal pension service. All bonuses will be used for social needs. This is the equalization of civilian and military pension payments, which is quite appropriate during a crisis.

Pension reform 2016 for judges of the Russian Federation

Judges are employees of government agencies and, although they are not formally employees, they belong to professions whose work is paid from the budget. When a judge is about to retire, 3 possibilities open before him.

1. If his work as a judge lasted less than 10 years, he can receive a pension on a general basis, determined in accordance with Federal Law No. 400 of December 28, 2013, as well as Federal Law No. 126 of June 4, 2011.
2. If the required length of service is available, then it is issued according to length of service.
3. If you have worked as a judge for at least 20 years and other conditions are met, you can receive a lifetime allowance (80% of your salary), which is tax-free.

Education workers are concerned about the new pension reform. The main concern is about the right to early retirement based on length of service, which has been the case so far.

While no changes have been made to Federal Law No. 400 dated December 29, 2013, the right to preferential pension according to length of service for teachers is maintained.

However, only if certain conditions are met:

• having 25 years of experience;
• at least a minimum IPC (in 2016 – 9, in 2017 – 11.4);
• compliance of the position with certain lists of professions, which is stipulated by regulations and legislative acts;
• full-time employment.

If a working teacher refuses early retirement, then Federal Law No. 400, paragraph 15 of Article 15 and paragraph 5 of Article 16 comes into force. That is, the teacher earns increased points. At any time he has the right to apply for a pension.

Pension reform for doctors

Doctors also have length of service and early exit for vacation, as well as the concept of a preferential pension.

A necessary condition for obtaining it is experience, 30 years for a city doctor, and 25 for a doctor from rural areas. Previously, such pensions were calculated using other methods, and new reform gives a completely different result.

The length of service, gradually increasing, for both categories will eventually become the same - 27.5 years. Therefore, the factors that keep doctors in villages will lose their importance, which will provoke their movement to the city, where there are many private clinics and pay is higher. Concern for retaining personnel in rural areas hospitals the government completely lacks it.

According to the new procedure for paying pensions, a working pensioner can quit his job and notify the pension fund, after which his pension will begin to be indexed. If, after waiting for the increase, he goes to work again, then the size of the pension will remain increased.

Innovations of 2016 - pros and cons of the new pension reform

The usual system of calculating pensions has changed dramatically, and will continue to undergo further changes. But something is already visible today.

pros

The advantages include the opportunity for citizens to more actively influence their future pension, in particular, try to work legally.

The basic values ​​for pensions are indexed.

It became possible to add military service and care work to the pension length.

Here are the points that citizens additionally receive during non-insurance periods:

• 1.8 for 1 year of military service;
• 1.8 care for the elderly and disabled;
• 1.8 for 1 year of leave to care for the first child;
• 3.6 for 1 year - for the second;
• 5.4 for 1 year - for the third and fourth.

The retirement age and most benefits have been preserved, and pensions have increased for many categories of pensioners.

Minuses

Many citizens may face the disadvantages of pension reform, first of all those who work informally: they will not be able to receive a full pension.

Unlucky for pensioners who at the time of launch new system worked. In order to increase their pension, they will have to quit and get a job again.

The minimum length of service will increase and triple, although not immediately, but over the course of 15 years.

Pension reform 2020

We are talking about the pension chapter of the famous "Strategies 2020", it was developed by the liberal wing of the Russian government and is aimed at providing high pensions for the middle class.

Since, in conditions of a long crisis around the world, it is precisely middle class, then it is unlikely that such topics will remain relevant by 2020.

However, the creators of the pension reform 2020 offer such ways to solve the problem.

1. Increasing the minimum length of service for a labor pension.
2. Reducing the list of dangerous jobs and early retirement.
3. Pension for low-income workers, social and basic.
4. For the middle class - the sum of basic, solidarity and funded.
5. For the rich - as for the middle class, plus everything else.
6. Raising the retirement age to 63 years (by 2030), accompanied by an increase in length of service standards.

Pension reform in Russia has started successfully. Its path will be difficult; various proposals, improvements and clarifications are constantly appearing, which could negate all the efforts of past years. So the Ministry of Finance came up with proposals that shook the whole country.

We can only hope that the government will be able to stick to the set course and not lose momentum.

Pension reform in the Russian Federation is important point, which worries the entire population. After all, each taxpayer transfers certain funds to And at one point he has the opportunity to get the money back, only in the form of a support system for citizens who have retired, constantly undergoing some changes. What news can you hear about this component of the population’s life? What information can be considered real changes, and what can be considered myths and gossip? Nowadays there is a lot of talk about pensions. Therefore, you should know exactly what to prepare for.

Cancellation of pensions for workers

The first news that caused a wave of discontent from the population was the abolition of pensions for working pensioners. A pension reform of this type in Russia implies that citizens who continue to work after reaching the age at which they can retire will no longer receive financial support from the state.

In other words, for working pensioners. There are two options for interpreting this news. The first states that the condition will begin to apply in 2016 and will apply only to those who earn more than 1,000,000 per year. This works out to 83 thousand rubles per month. Such citizens will not be paid a pension. In the second, the pension reform indicates the cessation of payments from the state for all retired citizens who continue to work. Neither income nor experience will play a role.

On this moment such reforms are considered a myth. And if pensions for working citizens are removed, then the first scenario will be closer. So far, all people who have reached retirement age in Russia receive financial support from the state in one form or another.

Payout limit

The following news also concerns working pensioners. Some say that they want to limit financial support to the population if people are officially employed. In fact, they plan to reduce cash payments transferred to pensioners.

This type of pension reform news is a hoax. Now in Russia they are really working on systems that will help recalculate funds. But there are no strict restrictions. Unless pension payments cannot be less living wage per person. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of such news. The government, on the contrary, is thinking about how to maintain and even increase pensions.

Suspending indexing

The discussions don't end there. Pension reform took place in 2016 anyway. But it’s just not too noticeable yet. The thing is that Russia provides for mandatory indexation of pension payments. But working pensioners will not receive indexed payments. Instead, they are entitled to financial support from the state without any increases.

That is, at the moment in the country, citizens who have reached retirement age and continue to work receive the pension that was due at the end of 2015. They do not have any indexing.

Mandatory indexing

However, this does not mean that the pension reform in Russia completely cancels the increase in the amounts paid to pensioners. This is wrong. After all, the suspension of indexation applies only to employed citizens. Everyone else will receive it in Russia increased pension. At the moment, all payments are indexed by 4%. In 2016, citizens had to double the amount paid by the state upon reaching retirement age. And this rule was fully observed. It turns out that there are no special features for non-working pensioners. Same indexation, same payments. Even the procedure for assigning financial support remained unchanged.

Age

The news of pension reform in the country does not end there. Questions constantly arise regarding this topic. Russia has been planning to raise the retirement age for a long time. Is it true? Yes, there has been talk about raising the retirement age for several years. Now in Russia, women have the right to retire at the age of 55, men get this opportunity at 60. But, as practice shows, many do not stop working even after this age.

This prompted the idea that citizens are retiring too early. In most countries the retirement age is much higher. And this helps replenish the state budget. The new pension reform implies a gradual increase in the retirement age. Thus, women want to extend their working capacity to 60, and men to 65 years, respectively.

Consequences of "age reform"

What consequences could raising the retirement age have? Now in Russia many remain dissatisfied with this prospect. It has not yet been implemented, but it is already known that someday the news will become a reality. Outrage was caused by the fact that the Russian government tried to be equal to other countries and did not take into account the average human life expectancy in the country. Thus, women live on average to 77, and men to 65 years. It turns out that practically many men will not receive pension payments if they raise the age at which they are officially allowed to retire. For this reason, they decided to postpone the innovation for now. But at the same time they are talking about a gradual increase in the retirement age. It is planned to increase it by 6 months every six months.

Experience and points

Pension reform in the Russian Federation has led the country to the fact that it now uses the so-called point system for calculating payments. For each year worked, a citizen is awarded certain “points” to his account. At the end, the pension awarded will depend on the total number of points scored. For now, citizens are required to score 30 points. And the amount of money due for payment in the form of pensions depends not only on points, but also on the cost of one point at the time of retirement.

Not everyone likes the point system. But it has been introduced and the government has no plans to revise it in the near future. Therefore, citizens should remember that now, when calculating their labor pension, not only length of service will be taken into account, but also the number of points accumulated over the entire period of work.

Changes in the conditions for assigning pensions

What else has the pension reform prepared for the population? The last thing that really interested citizens was the conditions for assigning payments. It has already been said that it is planned to raise the retirement age. Also, to receive financial support from the state (not social), you must have 30 points. But the changes don't end there.

To retire and receive money from the country, you will need 7 years of work experience. And this is regardless of the citizen’s points. Previously, this period was 5 years. In 2016, it increased to 7. And this “bar” will increase until 2024. It is planned to increase the minimum work experience to 15 years. Such changes are now provided for by the pension reform. Recent news indicates that this is not a myth, but a reality.

Two parts of one whole

The following information can no longer be considered new. But still not everyone knows about it. The thing is that pensions are now formed mainly at the expense of citizens. Payments were divided into 2 parts: insurance and savings. The first one is paid without fail. It is guaranteed by the state. The savings fund depends directly on the citizens and is usually formed in the state fund. The main thing is to transfer part of your income from time to time to the chosen organization, thereby saving for old age.

The formula by which it is necessary to calculate funds paid to pensioners has the form P=B*K+C+NP, where:

• P - monthly pension;
• B - the number of pension points accumulated by a citizen;
• K - cost of one point;
• C - the insurance part of the pension (set by the state annually);
• LF - cumulative part (formed by a citizen).

Many are saying that there are now plans to revise this scheme. Actually this is not true. The system remains the same. And no one will change it in the near future. The year of pension reform is behind us. But there is still some news that has excited pensioners.

Freezing

The pension reform in Ukraine is reminiscent of the changes that took place in Russia. In a neighboring country, it is currently planned to introduce multi-component calculation due payments, the same as now available in the Russian Federation. This is not too scary, so the population is not very afraid of such changes, because pensions will still be transferred.

Only in Russia there were rumors that the government in 2016-2017 might “freeze” pensions, or rather their funded parts. It is proposed to exclude this component altogether when calculating pension payments to the population. Nevertheless, there is no need to fear this step yet. According to the government, there are no plans to “freeze” in 2016-2018. But how things will be further is a mystery that has not yet been solved.

One-time payment

The pension reform in the Russian Federation in 2016 made many citizens think about saving for their own old age and not hoping for an increase in pensions. The world is currently in crisis. And in Russia too. In such conditions, indexation of pension payments became impossible. Therefore, in 2017, all pensioners (employed and unemployed), instead of indexation, will be paid a lump sum in January sum of money. How many? 5,000 rubles. And all other payments will remain the same. The government reported that there were no funds for indexation. Therefore, we have to act this way for now.

And this news is not a myth. This is already an established law. Now we just have to wait for 2017. It is unknown what other changes may affect the pension system in the Russian Federation. But even the government recommends that you worry about saving for old age on your own. After all, in times of crisis, sometimes you have to make serious decisions. The population must be prepared for them. All that remains is to follow latest news. Perhaps very soon the pension system will be completely revised again.