When a newborn appears in the house, he brings a lot of happiness. But along with joy come worries and worries. Parents should make every effort so that the baby grows up healthy, vigorous and full of strength. It is possible to ensure the normal development of the baby only with the organization proper care behind him. It is from this that his state of health will depend in the future. The most difficult for the baby will be the first weeks of his life. During this period, he adapts to new conditions of existence for him. Therefore, parents need to ensure the hygiene of the child, the cleanliness of care items and linen, the diet and ventilation of the room.

Creating conditions for the newborn

Before the woman returns from the hospital, it is worth carefully cleaning the house and the room where the baby will live. Vacuum upholstered furniture well, clean carpets, wash curtains, blankets, rugs. From now on, cleanliness should become an integral part of life for parents.

The child during this period is very exposed to microbes. Maintaining cleanliness will prevent the occurrence of diseases in the child.

In the early stages of life, try to minimize your child's contact with other people. Be sure to ask your guests to wash their hands before entering the nursery.

To equip a nursery, you will need a crib, a changing table, a locker or a shelf for children's things and care items. In the room, it is necessary to wash the floors every day, wipe the dust with a damp cloth, but you can’t sweep it up.

Be sure to ventilate the baby's room.

In cold weather, it is recommended to ventilate twice a day for 15 minutes. In the summer, put a net on the window, this will prevent mosquitoes and flies from entering the room. Try to avoid having a large number furniture in the children's room. This will make it more spacious, lighter and prevent the accumulation of dust.

Necessary items for baby care

Every mother should have a list necessary items, namely:

• cotton wool;
• baby soap, cream and powder;
• sterile bandage;
• potassium permanganate solution;
• oil for lubricating skin folds;
• a teaspoon, a glass, a rubber heating pad and a pear;
• scallop;
• scissors;
• thermometer for measuring body temperature, water.

These items must be kept clean and kept in a separate place at all times.

Bathing a child

It is necessary to start bathing after the baby's umbilical cord falls off and the wound heals in this place. Bathing should be carried out in boiled water, but subsequently there is no need to boil water. The water temperature should be around 37°C. While bathing the baby, the mother needs help. So, the baby is first washed away, after which it is completely lowered into the bath. His head should be on the bent elbow of his mother, and her hand should be under his back. At this time, part of the child's body is above the water, the mother waters it with her hand. Next, the hair is washed from the forehead to the back of the head. This prevents soapy water from getting into your eyes.

Use soap when bathing should be no more than three times a week.

After bathing, the baby is lifted upside down and placed on a clean sheet, quickly drying his body. If the child has diaper rash, then it is necessary to lubricate the skin folds with special oil. Having dressed the child, he is fed and put to bed. It is best to swim at 20.00-21.00 hours.

Walking with a newborn

In addition to airing the room, a newborn baby needs daily walks in the fresh air. This tempers his immunity, contributes to the child's good appetite and sound sleep. At the same time, fresh air can protect the baby from the development of a disease such as rickets. Walking should start at two weeks of age. Starting from 15 minutes a day and gradually increasing the duration of the walk up to 2-3 hours.

Laundry

All clothing, including diapers, should be kept clean. Mom needs to wash clothes as they get dirty. Dirty laundry can irritate your baby's skin.

Scald or boil clothes after washing. Unboiled laundry must be ironed to destroy the microbes present on it.

Proper sleep pattern

A child needs sleep just as much as food. For a newborn, night sleep is not enough, he also needs daytime sleep. Parents should not worry about the fact that the baby is constantly sleeping. The smaller the child, the greater the need for sleep. A newborn sleeps almost the whole day with breaks for feeding.

At the age of 2 months. the baby sleeps for several hours before feeding. From 3 to 10 months - 3 times a day, from 10 months. up to 1.5 l. - 2 times a day.

Parents need to create a certain sleep pattern in which the baby will sleep at a certain time.

If the child is regularly fresh air and eats right, he sleeps quickly, and he sleeps peacefully.

Newborn baby care

Boy care should be done in accordance with general recommendations. Almost 90% of boys are born with physiological jaundice. Parents should not worry, because it passes on its own in a few weeks.

Boys have armpit hair at birth, which falls out after a short period of time. When bathing, they must be gently rolled up with soap in a circular motion, but do not pull out.

The scrotum in the first months of the boy's life is slightly enlarged and has swelling. Doctors recommend that parents apply a warm diaper without additional treatment.

For boys, the presence of uric acid infarction is also characteristic. It appears as red spots on the diaper. If you notice them, give your child a couple of spoons of boiled water, the urine will dilute and become less concentrated.

Caring for a newborn girl

Caring for a girl requires a more careful approach due to physiological characteristics organism. This is especially true for swimming. After washing the girl, it is worth blotting her outer labia with a napkin and lubricating them with baby cream. Parents should not worry about the presence of a light gray coating on the labia. It is an original lubricant that absorbs into the skin over time. If you notice that there is a lot of plaque, gently remove it using a swab dipped in warm water to prevent the growth of germs.

Swelling of the area of ​​​​the mammary glands is not a deviation in the development of the child. This usually goes away within a few days. Mom needs to monitor hygiene in this area and not squeeze or knead the swelling. Such rash actions can lead to inflammation and suppuration. If swelling long time do not go away, parents need to see a doctor.

In order to properly care for a recently born baby, a young mother must have certain skills and a stock of knowledge. When caring at home, you must adhere to the basic rules for caring for newborns.

Basic infant care

All baby care procedures can be conditionally classified into daily and weekly, which can be performed more often so that the baby does not feel discomfort.

Daily routines

Hygiene care procedures that are performed every day are carried out in the following sequence:

Washing. The child's face is wiped with boiled warm water using cotton pads or simply by hand, while the ears are rubbed.

Rubbing eyes. If there are no problems with excessive and frequent contamination of the eyes, you can use ordinary boiled water, but if the eyes become contaminated more often and more abundantly, you should use a solution of furacelin (sold in a pharmacy, ratio 1:5000). Cotton swabs are moistened with water or a solution and they wipe the eyes, drawing from the outer corner of the eye to the inner. Each eye is wiped with a new swab. Traditional medicine suggests wiping your eyes with strong tea leaves. If you decide to use tea leaves, be careful not to get tea leaves on the swab, which, if in contact with the eye, will cause severe eye irritation.

To prevent diaper rash, skin folds are lubricated with any boiled vegetable or vaseline oil.

Medical treatment umbilical wound.

Washing. Be sure to wash the baby with running water after each act of defecation and preferably after each urination. If you wash a child with water collected in a basin or bath, there is a high probability of infection in the genitourinary system.

When washing a child, you must adhere to the following rules:

a) check the temperature of the water with your hand so that it is not too hot or cold (the optimum temperature is about 380 C);

b) wash the child with a hand that is located under running water;

c) it is necessary to wash girls from front to back, so as not to bring bacteria from the anus into the genital tract.

After finishing the washing process, it is necessary to dry the baby's skin with a clean towel or diaper and apply to the area of ​​​​skin folds. baby cream or boiled vegetable oil.

Such daily procedures, in addition to washing, must be carried out in the morning.

Weekly treatments

Trimming nails. Nails must be cut regularly, otherwise the baby may scratch himself. For this purpose, scissors with rounded ends are used.

Cleansing of the ears is carried out using dry cotton flagella with light rotational movements.

The nose is also cleaned with cotton flagella, the tip of which is moistened with vegetable or vaseline sterile oils. The flagellum is inserted into the nasal passage to a depth of 0.5 - 1 cm and with light rotational movements, cleansing is carried out in the direction from the inside to the outside. An individual flagellum is used for each nostril. It is not advisable to wind cotton wool around a match or use cotton buds, otherwise you can injure the mucous membrane. Very often and for a long time this procedure also not recommended.

Rice. 22.Nipple hole options for various kinds artificial nutrition

Rice. 23.Feeding "in the hem"

the posture prevents dysmotility of the gastrointestinal tract, excludes the possibility of curvature of the spine in a child, in addition, it is convenient for a nursing mother.

For better assimilation of food, it is necessary to observe the established feeding hours. If the general condition is not disturbed and the appetite is preserved, then the diet of patients can be the same as healthy children of the same age (children under 2 months are fed 6-7 times, up to 5 months - 6 times, from 5 months to 1-1, 5 years - 5 times). When a child is in critical condition, poor appetite feed more often (after 2-3 hours) and smaller portions.

Sick children are sometimes very difficult to feed, not only because they have a poor appetite, but also because of the habits acquired at home. Great patience is required, since even a short-term refusal to eat weak and malnourished children can adversely affect the course of the disease. In hospitals, all mixtures for children of the first year of life are received in the catering unit. Dry mixes in the buffet are turned into ready-to-eat immediately before feeding the baby. The type of mixture, its volume and frequency of feeding for each child is determined by the doctor.

The younger the child, the more he needs the most adapted mixtures. The mixtures recommended for feeding children during the first six months of life include Nutrilak 0-6 (Nutritek, Russia), Nutrilon-1 (Nutricia, Holland), Semper Bebi-1 (Semper, Sweden). ), Pre-Hipp and HiPP-1 (KhiPP, Austria), Humana-1 (Humana, Germany), Enfamil-1 (Mead Johnson, USA), NAS-1 "("Nestte", Switzerland), "Gallia-1" ("Danone", France), "Frisolak-1" ("Friesland Nutrition", Holland), etc.

“Following” mixtures recommended for feeding children in the second half of life: Nutrilak 6-12 (Nutritek, Russia), Nutrilon 2 (Nutricia, Holland), Semper Bebi-2 (Semper, Sweden), HiPP-2 (KhiPP, Austria), Humana-2, Humana Folgemilch-2 (Humana, Germany), Enfamil-2 (Mead Johnson, USA), NAN-2 (Nestte, Switzerland), Gallia-2 (Danone, France), Frisolak-2 (Friesland Nutrition, Holland), etc.

For children of the first year of life, in addition to sweet adapted mixtures, adapted sour-milk mixtures have been created: liquid sour-milk mixture "Agusha-1" (Russia) for children aged 2-4 weeks of life to 5-6 months; "Baby" (Russia); "NAN fermented milk" ("Nestb", Switzerland) with bifidobacteria, "Gallia lactofidus" and "Lactofidus" ("Danon", France). Partially adapted acidic

There are also children's therapeutic mixtures that are prescribed for newborns with low birth weight ("Alprem", "Humana-0"), with lactose intolerance (A1-110, "NutriSoya"), with polyvalent allergy to cow's milk proteins, soy , severe diarrhea ("Alfare", "Prosobi", "Portagen", "SimilakIzomil").

With artificial feeding, the volume of sucked milk mixture is determined according to the graduated scale of the bottle. The amount of sucked milk from the mother's breast or formula from the bottle is noted after each feeding in the individual nursing sheet, completed for each infant.

Already in the first year of life, starting from the 4-5th month, the child is gradually accustomed to new types of food (complementary foods). When introducing complementary foods, certain rules must be observed. Complementary foods are given before breastfeeding or mixtures, and from a spoon. Complementary foods include cereals, vegetable purees, meat hashes (minced meat, meatballs), yolk, broth, cottage cheese, etc. Since the child begins to sit from 6 months, he should be fed at a special table or by sitting on the lap of an adult. When feeding a baby, an oilcloth apron or just a diaper is tied to the chest.

The timing of the introduction of complementary foods into the diet of breastfed children is regulated by the Institute of Nutrition

RAMS (Table 12).

Table 12The timing of the introduction of complementary foods with natural feeding

research institutes for children

In the first year of life, especially in infant wards, sterile utensils should be used for feeding.

Feeding premature babies - extremely difficult and responsible task. Premature babies who do not have a swallowing reflex or stop breathing during feeding are fed through a tube (Fig. 24). Feeding with a disposable tube is carried out when it is inserted into the baby's stomach for only one feeding, and permanently if the tube is left in the stomach for 2-3 days. A permanent probe, unlike a disposable one, is smaller in diameter, so it can be inserted through the nasal passages, although the introduction of a probe through the mouth is considered more physiological, since external respiration is not disturbed.

Sterilization rules for teats and bottles. Dirty nipples are thoroughly washed first with running water, and then with warm water and soda (0.5 teaspoon of baking soda per glass of water), while they are turned inside out. Then the nipples are boiled for 10-15 minutes. Teats are sterilized once a day, usually at night. Conducts her ward nurse. Clean rubber nipples are kept dry in a closed (glass or enamel) container labeled "Clean nipples". Clean nipples are removed with sterile tweezers, and then put on the bottle with cleanly washed hands. Used nipples are collected in dishes labeled "Dirty nipples".

Bottles are sterilized in the pantry. First, the bottles are degreased in hot water with mustard (50 g of dry mustard per 10 liters of water), then washed with a ruff, washed with running water

Rice. 24.Feeding a premature baby through a tube

outside and inside (use a device in the form of fountains for rinsing bottles) and rinse. Clean bottles are placed neck down in metal nets, and when the remaining water drains, the bottles in the nets are placed in a dry-heat cabinet for 50-60 minutes (temperature in the cabinet is 120-150 ° C).

Bottles can be sterilized by boiling. To do this, they are placed in a special dish (tank, pan), poured with warm water and boiled for 10 minutes.

Store sterile bottles with necks closed with sterile cotton-gauze swabs in separate cabinets.

Stool observation and registration. In newborns, the original feces (meconium), which is a thick, viscous mass of dark color, departs by the end of the first day of life. On the 2-3rd day, the so-called transitional stool appears, which has a mushy consistency, darkish color, and then a normal stool is established yellow color with a sour smell. The frequency of stool in newborns is 2-6 times a day, by the year - 2-4 times a day.

The nature and frequency of stools depend on the type of feeding. When breastfeeding, the stool is 3-4 times a day, yellow, mushy, with a sour smell. With artificial scar-

stools are observed less frequently in chilning - 1-2 times a day, more dense, shaped, light green, sometimes grayish-clay, reminiscent of putty in consistency, with a pungent odor.

Loose stools can be with digestive disorders; the color of the feces changes, pathological impurities appear in the form of mucus, greenery, blood, etc.

The nurse should be able to determine the nature of the stool, since its appearance can reveal the initial signs of the disease. Pathological changes in the stool should be reported to the doctor and the stool should be shown. In the nursing list, it is necessary to note how many times there was a chair, and its character is a special symbol: mushy (normal); liquefied; with an admixture of mucus; with an admixture of greenery; blood in the stool; decorated chair.

Prevention of skeletal deformities. Skeletal deformities occur if the child lies in the crib in one position for a long time, with tight swaddling, in the presence of a soft bed, high pillows, and in the wrong position of the child in his arms.

In order to prevent deformations of the skeleton, a thick mattress stuffed with cotton wool or horse hair is placed on the crib. For children in the first months of life, it is better to put a pillow under the mattress: this prevents excessive bending of the head, and also prevents regurgitation.

The child in the crib must be laid in different positions, periodically picked up.

When swaddling, it is necessary to ensure that diapers and undershirts freely fit the chest. Tight swaddling and tightening of the chest can lead to deformation of the latter and respiratory failure.

Given the weakness of the musculoskeletal apparatus, children under 5 months of age should not be placed. If the child is picked up, then the buttocks should be supported with the forearm of the left hand, and the head and back should be supported with the other hand.

Transportation of infants. Transportation of infants does not present serious difficulties. Children are usually carried on their hands (Fig. 25, a). It is necessary to use the most physiological and comfortable position. Such a position can be created by using only one hand to carry the child, and leaving the other hand free to perform various manipulations (Fig. 25, b, c).

Rice. 25.Ways to carry an infant. Explanation in the text

Rules for using the couveuse. For nursing weakened newborns, premature babies and children with low body weight, incubators are used. Kuvez is a special medical incubator in which humidity and the required concentration of oxygen in the air are maintained. Special devices make it possible to organize the necessary care for the child, to carry out various manipulations up to weighing, without removing the child from the incubator (Fig. 26). Top part the incubator is transparent, made of organic glass or plastic, which allows you to monitor the condition and behavior of the child. A thermometer and a hygrometer are fixed on the front wall of the hood, according to the readings of which one can judge the temperature and humidity of the air inside the cavern.

The incubator must be well ventilated and disinfected before use. According to the operating instructions, it is recommended to disinfect the incubator with formalin. To do this, put a piece of cotton wool moistened with a 40% formalin solution under the hood and turn on the flask for 6-8 hours, after which the cotton wool is removed and the incubator is left on with the hood closed for another 5-6 hours. In addition, the inner walls of the hood, a bed for the child and the lining mattress are thoroughly wiped with a 0.5% solution of chloramine.

The incubator is turned on in the following sequence: first, the water evaporation system is filled with water, then it is connected to the mains, then the required microclimate is selected by smooth rotation of the temperature and humidity controller.

Rice. 26.Closed couveuse

The child in the jug is naked. A constant temperature of 34-37 °C and relative air humidity of 85-95% are maintained. Oxygen mixed with atmospheric air is supplied to the flask, and the oxygen concentration does not exceed 30%. Special system alarm notifies with a sound signal about violation of parameters.

The duration of stay in the incubator is determined by the general condition of the child. If the newborn is in it for more than 3-4 days, then the microbial contamination increases significantly. By existing rules in this case, the child should be transferred to another incubator, washed and ventilated.

Nursing premature babies in an incubator for 3-4 weeks greatly increases the effectiveness of therapeutic measures and nursing, reduces the risk of various complications.

Rice. 27.Rehabilitation bed for newborns with neurological pathology

Rehabilitation bed for newborns and infants. For premature newborns and infants with neurological pathology, special bath beds (of the Saturn-90 type) are used, which provide comfort for a sick child by creating the effect of buoyancy and simulating conditions close to intrauterine. The lowest possible contact pressure on the child's body prevents microcirculatory and trophic disorders. The device is a stainless steel bath with a porous bottom filled with glass microballoons. Under the bathtub on the frame there is a supercharger, a unit for stabilizing the temperature of the forced air, a control and automatic control system. The filter sheet separates the body of a child floating in a "dry liquid" from glass microballoons (Fig. 27).

TEST QUESTIONS

1.Who are not allowed to care for infants?

2. What is the care of the skin and mucous membranes in a newborn and infant?

3.How is a hygienic bath performed?

4. What is included in the set of clothes for children in the first months of life and the second half of the year?

5. Name the rules for breastfeeding a child.

The appearance of a newborn in the house is undoubtedly the happiest day in the life of any married couple. Waiting for 9 months, anxiety, fear, excitement - all this is already behind. A baby in the house is the reward for everything you've been through. However, now you are waiting for new stage motherhood - caring for your beloved baby. And no matter how pleasant and happy the moments of the first feeding, the first bathing and swaddling are, this is a very difficult period and you need to stock up on great patience and ... knowledge. To newborn baby care brought pleasure, use the following information.

Let's imagine what your child needs at the beginning of life in the big world? Of course, mother's love, care, attention, protection. But there are also a number of practical needs - this is feeding, healthy sleep maintaining body hygiene and cleanliness of the room. Let's consider these components in more detail.

Let's start with the main - topics of cleanliness and hygiene. Many young parents are puzzled by the question: when to start bathing a baby? Although he is small, he defecates daily, which means he needs constant bathing? The degree of healing of the umbilical wound will help to discard all your doubts. It is she who is the main indicator of the readiness of the baby for water procedures.

This place on the body of the baby is the biggest fear of any mother. A fresh wound on the body of a newborn, with immunity not yet fully formed, requires special attention. Remember a few important points so that your baby's navel heals quickly and painlessly:

1) bathing a child with an open wound is fraught with the ingress of pathogens into it, therefore, we strongly recommend that, in the first month of a child’s life, abandon full-fledged water procedures, replacing them with a wet wiping of the groin, armpits, and face;

2) the child should be dressed very carefully so as not to touch the umbilical cord that has not yet dried up, while the clothes should be clean, made of natural and soft fabrics. Make sure that the diaper does not cover the navel, otherwise, due to a lack of oxygen, this place will begin to rot, which can lead to inflammation;

3) observe the modification of the umbilical wound. Slight redness, some bloody marks are normal. However, fears should cause a painful swelling near the navel of a bright red color, an increase in temperature in the umbilical region, and purulent discharge from it. With such symptoms, you should immediately contact your pediatrician.

4) in order to “insure” both yourself and the child from the inflammatory processes of the umbilical wound, it can be treated at home with gentle hydrogen peroxide, instead of cauterizing the delicate skin of the baby with brilliant green or iodine.

Bathing a baby.

It implies frequent water procedures. This is due not only to the need to maintain cleanliness due to the frequent bowel movements of the baby. Bathing has a special psychological meaning of kinship and unity of parents with their child. To make bathing enjoyable for both you and your baby, bathe him in a warm room, at a water temperature of 36-37 degrees, preferably before bedtime. Water should be boiled and cooled to the right temperature (you need to check it with a thermometer, since your body is already adapted to different temperatures and orientation to your own feelings can be deceiving). It is better to bathe a baby in his own baby bath. This is not only hygienic, but also, from a psychological point of view, more comfortable for the child. At the same time, the bathing procedure for a newborn should not exceed 5 minutes, but when the baby gets stronger, the time spent in the water can be increased to 15 minutes. And no need to be zealous with detergents: warm water and a little baby soap- the best set for sensitive skin baby. It is allowed to add a decoction of medicinal herbs to the water, but only if necessary (for example, with increased excitability or skin irritations) and in the absence of allergies.

You should not strive for the absolute purity of the child. Firstly, it is almost impossible, and secondly, daily bathing can lead to dryness and flaking of sensitive skin. Daily wiping of skin folds and inguinal zone- Sufficient care for a newborn baby.

Trim nails, clean nose and ears.

Not all parts of the newborn's body can be cleaned during the evening bath, some of them require separate care. For example, the tiny ears of a newborn. Let's say right away that they do not get dirty as quickly as in adults, since the sebaceous glands have not yet been established in a newborn baby. Therefore, a special cotton swab clean the outside of the ear. It is not worth striving deeper, otherwise you may not calculate and damage the eardrum. As for nails, you need to cut them more often than clean your ears. Newborn baby care is aimed at maintaining his weak immunity, so clean nails are the key to the health of the baby. You need to cut them with special children's scissors, it is both hygienic and safe, because they have rounded ends. Many adults have experienced the problem of ingrown toenails. skin. Babies are also affected by this problem. Therefore, the nails on the handles are cut in a semicircle, and on the legs - evenly. After this procedure, the hands and feet should be washed with warm water. It is worth treating the instrument itself with traditional hydrogen peroxide or alcohol.

It is much more problematic to clean a small nose for a child. To do this, twist the flagella from cotton swabs, moisten in almond oil and gently twist the flagella in each nostril. Instead of oil, you can use a saline solution of edible or sea salt.

Hygiene breastfeeding

The closest and dearest person for a baby is his mother. In contact with her, he spends most of his time from the first days of life, which means that the main care for a newborn child falls on her shoulders. In this regard, it is important to discuss the issue of the hygiene of the woman herself. There are no special requirements here: take a shower daily, cut your nails, wear clean clothes, wash your hands before taking the baby in your arms or carrying out hygiene procedures. Increased requirements are being put forward for breastfeeding hygiene, since it is at this moment that the mother has the closest contact with her child. A nursing woman needs to pay special attention to her breasts: before each feeding, rinse the nipples with warm boiled water and soap, and wear special bra pads during breaks that prevent chafing and collect spontaneously secreted liquid. So that the nipples are soft and without cracks, they can be lubricated with oils, vitamin B1.

Residential hygiene

Starting a conversation on this topic, one could write that the house should be clean and put an end to it. However, I would like to dispel the ideas of some mothers about the need for complete sterility in the house. This is not only a waste of time, but also does not serve well at the time of the formation of immunity in the child. By protecting it from various microbes, we risk making children unable to resist colds and allergic reactions on their own. Children's body more than once you will have to face pathogens, which means that immunity must stock up on the necessary “weapon” against them from an early age. In addition, excessive use of detergents leads to the development of allergic reactions. To clean the room in which the newborn is located, it is better to use gentle detergents designed by children's brands. The same applies to newborn clothes, now there are not only baby powders, but even washing machines with the function of washing baby clothes. It is better to wash the baby's dishes with natural soda, rinsing well, and before feeding it can be doused with boiling water.

Caring for a newborn baby is troublesome, but very important in a difficult science called “motherhood”.

Breastfeeding is a very important part of motherhood, but not all motherhood. The concept of "motherhood" is broader and includes all possible ways of caring for a child, games, communication, etc. When seeking professional support in the desire to breastfeed, mothers are waiting for help on other issues of interaction with the child.

How to take a baby in your arms, how to wear, swaddle or not, how to bathe him, how to calm him down, how to put him to bed, how to care for his delicate skin, when to start playing and what toys to buy ... These are all questions that a mother can ask a lactation consultant for consultations and they are all dealt with in detail in our classes in this course.

A conscious approach to parenting is not only fashion trend these days. It is a natural need to care for a child and to understand why and how different ways of caring for an infant affect his development and our relationship with him in the future.

The course program includes 6 lectures:

Finally - it happened! My little treasure is sleeping quietly in his crib - we were discharged from the hospital today. I look at my daughter, and so I want to become the most ideal mother in the world for her. I want to babysit her, cherish her, pamper her.

But I am afraid that I still do not know everything about how to properly take care of a baby, what needs to be done for this. Lyudmila, tell me, please, what should be the care of a newborn in the first month of life? When and what procedures should be carried out?

Baby care - an unconventional approach

A small child who is born experiences the most difficult period- neonatal period. After the strongest emotional and physical stress received during childbirth, he finds himself in completely different conditions for himself.

On the this moment its main task is to go through the process of adaptation as quickly as possible and successfully adapt to the environment. Your task, as mothers, is to help your baby in this matter.

It is to “help”, providing all the needs of the newborn. You should not think that a child is an absolutely helpless creature that needs every minute care. This assumption is not entirely correct.

but, unlike many animals that are able to eat and move around on their own during the first few hours after birth, a newborn child is one of the most helpless living creatures on earth.

Yes, there are protective mechanisms, but most of the needs of a newborn are met only at the expense of an adult, a mother.

1. In the first month, the baby must “make friends” with bacteria, so the number of leukocytes in his blood is increased, which destroy harmful microorganisms (when the baby has grown a little, this task is already transferred to the parents. Check out our Healthy Baby >>> course;
2. The baby has an increased heart rate and breathing, body temperature may fluctuate;
3. An increased number of red blood cells and increased hemoglobin, which contributes to intensive oxygen saturation;
4. All the main unconditioned reflexes are clearly expressed;
5. There is a rapid increase in muscle mass, etc. Read about how a baby develops in the first year of life in the article Child development by months up to a year >>>

You might think that a newborn baby can grow and develop on its own, receiving only food and minimal care from its parents. This is not true. The need for security, affection, attention, communication - is present in a child from the first days of life.

Being deprived of this, the child experiences great stress and this is reflected in his behavior: he suckles longer, falls asleep with difficulty, cries when trying to let him off his hands, sleeps very sensitively.

Modern conditions environment also do not allow the baby to relax, creating new difficulties:

• he breathes dusty air;
• his skin becomes dry and sensitive;
• we often wrap it up, constantly wear diapers and sliders, which can cause increased sweating, skin irritation;
• running water is full of harmful microbes;
• children's cosmetical tools may contain allergens.

Therefore, in the first month of a newborn's life, a necessary condition for his health and development is your daily parental care and care. It is important to do this skillfully and carefully, without interfering with natural natural mechanisms.

Daily baby care during the newborn period

So, every day you will need to do up to ten different procedures. For greater convenience, in order not to forget or confuse anything, I recommend developing a specific schedule for yourself in the first month and constantly stick to it.

morning routine

The first hygiene procedures should be done in the morning after the baby wakes up. Start by changing diapers or diapers.

1. washing;

• After the first feeding, you can wash the face of the newborn. It is recommended to do this with wet cotton pads dipped in warm boiled water;
• First you must wipe the eyes, using a separate disc for each. Movement should start from the corner of the eye to the bridge of the nose. Details on how and with what to wash the eyes of a newborn >>>. After that, wipe the rest of the face in a similar way: cheeks, forehead, chin;
• Much attention should be paid to the ears. Take a good look at the skin behind the ear. After wiping it with a damp disk, if necessary, lubricate this area with a moisturizer or sterilized vegetable oil;
• Next, start cleaning your ears. The ear passages of a newborn are very short, so we don’t go deep. Remove only wax that is at the entrance to the ear canal. An important article on how to clean the ears of a newborn >>>;
• The same rule must be observed when cleaning the nose. If the child breathes well, there are no dry crusts that interfere with breathing, then we leave the nose alone. No need to unnecessarily climb into it with cotton flagella - this is a very unpleasant procedure for the baby. Read the current article: How to clean the nose of a newborn? >>>;

Attention! Don't try to clean out all the mucus! So you deprive the newborn of a natural defense mechanism, because the mucus in the nose prevents harmful microbes from entering through the nostrils.

• The mouth of a newborn does not need any hygienic care at all. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is very thin and delicate, it can be easily damaged. Just in the first month, try to ensure that all items that fall into the baby's mouth are sterilized or disinfected.

1. Navel treatment.

• One of the most important tasks for a mother in the first month of a newborn's life is the treatment of his umbilical wound. This is a very important matter - it is necessary to prevent the development of the inflammatory process and promote its rapid healing;
• It is important to remember here that it is impossible to tear off the resulting dry crusts (they need to be soaked and only those that separate themselves should be removed);
• It is also not recommended to lubricate the wound with colored disinfectant solutions that will not allow time to see the emerging redness. Such products should generally not be used more than twice a day, as this can cause a burn.

current care

Hygienic care for a child 1 month is necessary and during the day. Make sure your newborn is always dry.

1. Change of diaper;

• It is necessary to regularly check the condition of the diaper and change it in a timely manner. Since urine and feces irritate the baby's skin, after removing dirty clothes, be sure to wash the baby;
• It is important to remember that when washing a child, hand movements must be made from front to back Topical article: How to wash a newborn girl and boy ?>>>;
• It is not necessary to wash the genitals of a newborn every time. You can (if the skin around is clean) wipe the baby with special sanitary napkins (for information on which wipes to choose and whether to use them, read the article Wet wipes for newborns >>>);
• It would be nice to arrange air baths for the baby after removing the diaper. So the skin will breathe, and primary hardening will begin.

Important! I want to draw attention to the fact that you should not keep the baby in a diaper all day. Dress him in sliders or panties, use gauze diapers.

1. Fold processing;

• Throughout the day, you need to carefully examine the skin around the genitals, anus and in all folds. It should be dry and without irritation! This procedure will serve as a good prevention of the appearance of diaper rash. An important article will help you: Diaper rash in newborns >>>;
• If you find redness, these sensitive areas should be treated with powder or baby cream (vegetable oil). You only need to use one!

Evening care

Evening hygiene care is to prepare the newborn for bed.

1. Bathing;

• The main procedure of the evening is bathing. Usually it is carried out before the last feeding. Bathe your baby every day. In the first month it is recommended to use only boiled water;
• From time to time, decoctions of medicinal herbs can be added to the water. Once a week, you can use baby detergents. For information on which herbs can be used for babies, see the article Herbs for bathing a newborn >>>;
• Sometimes, if the child behaves too restlessly or is ill, then bathing can be skipped.

1. Evening procedures;

• In the first month of a newborn's life, while bathing him, you should try to remove the yellow crusts that are hidden under the baby's hair. Article

Surprisingly, often even at a very young age, girls differ from boys in their interests and passions for a particular game. Boys prefer cars, and girls already at the age of one cling to all sorts of rags and soft toys.

Not all moms take the game seriously. Some consider it a kind of weakness that is inherent childhood. But in fact, while playing, the child tries on those social roles that he will have to play in the future.

How the girl sees herself, how she imagines her future, largely depends on the behavior of her mother. But toys also push and direct it in any direction. For example, if a girl has baby dolls, she learns to take care of babies. A little mother swaddles them, feeds them, reads books, in general, does everything that her mother or grandmother does for her. Previously, girls learned how to care for babies by helping their mother to babysit the younger children in the family. But now, unfortunately, everything ends with caring for the baby doll.

But in the case when the girl has only Barbie dolls instead of dolls that can be swaddled, her thoughts and games go in a completely different way. She begins to look at her mother as an adult woman, and not as a mother. My daughter notices many details: cosmetics, relationships with men, attention to clothes.

She transfers all this to her doll. True, Barbie takes care of the little ones in some play sets too. But she doesn’t look like a mother at all, there are no maternal traits in this doll.

The parents of the baby face a difficult choice: to teach the child how to care for babies and abandon Barbie contrary to fashion, or buy the most fashionable beauties and not think about raising the girl as a future mother.

Not all children have brothers or sisters, let alone younger ones. Therefore, not all girls can see their mother as a mother. In this case, the girl sees manifestations maternal love directed only at itself. Unfortunately, incomplete families now also a lot. In this case, the mother may experience difficulties in raising her daughter. How to teach her to take care of family members, how to prepare for a future married life? In a family of two, situations where a mother can show how to show love and care for someone else are extremely rare. That's why role-playing games, in which a girl becomes a mommy for her doll, learns to take care of babies, shows care, plays seriously, can be a great workout for her.

Several series of interesting ones are being released now, which will make the game "Daughters-mothers" popular among girls even more interesting and exciting. What do similar games for girls include?

Toddlers (little children really like to take care of babies) require attention, care and affection. The child will be happy to take on these responsibilities, especially if the doll is "well, just like a living one!" Girly dreams can come true with "Baby Burn", smart Anabel or with any other modern doll. There are no less accessories for them than for children. There are diapers and cereals, horns and nipples, strollers and kangaroo backpacks. Not to mention furniture and care items. The toy department has clothes for dolls. different sizes and even shoes. Maintaining interest in such a game can be quite simple: new accessories are always interesting to use in practice.

If the girl does not buy Barbie, then she will not play it. And the problems of this beauty with her boyfriend Ken will remain outside the sphere of interests of the baby.